The Influence of Marginalization on Cultural Attitudes and Trash Disposal Practices in Esfuerzo de Paraíso of the Dominican Republic: A Qualitative Interview Study.

The inadequate management of municipal solid waste (MSW) in fast-developing nations is a major public health problem. Trash collection is often inconsistent, leaving residents to use unsafe disposal methods such as incineration or unregulated dumping. The issue is especially pronounced in marginalized communities, where public service provision is scarce. Past research has identified factors that perpetuate harmful disposal practices. The current study expanded on previous work by exploring how individuals' perceptions of political, spatial, and economic marginalization affected their agency with regards to waste management. Researchers focused on a marginalized community in the Dominican Republic known as Esfuerzo de Paraíso. There, they conducted semi-structured interviews to explore residents' perceptions of marginalization at the individual, interpersonal, community, and institutional levels, and its effects on their agency. A qualitative coding process revealed that most community members were discontent with their trash disposal practices, but that long-standing marginalization left them feeling ill equipped to generate change at the individual level. Interviewees believed that change should be initiated at the community level and implemented with the support of institutional-level actors, namely the municipal government. Residents did not identify any non-governmental organizations as possible sources of help, which may suggest a limited view of institutional support networks.

Effect of crop residue management on damage by Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), its egg parasitoids and the ants associated with sugarcane.

In the American continent, the sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (F.) is the main pest in sugarcane producing areas. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of crop residue management on damage by D. saccharalis, its egg parasitoids and the ants associated with sugarcane. The study was carried out during 2011-2012, 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 crop cycles, in three commercial fields located in different regions of Tucumán state, Argentina. Two types of crop residue management (= treatments) were compared: conservation of trash at the soil surface (CT) and trash burning (TB). In 'trash conservation' treatment, crop residue was allowed to remain over the soil surface during the whole sugarcane growing season, while the second treatment consisted of complete burning of trash blanket approximately 2 weeks after harvest. The injury level was measured by recording the number of stalks bored and internodes bored. Parasitism was estimated by counting the total number of eggs and number of black eggs (which indicates the occurrence of egg parasitoids). Ants (Formicidae) richness was calculated by two estimators; abundance-based coverage estimator and incidence-based coverage estimator, using the non-parametric richness estimators: Chao 2 and Jackknife. Finally, the indicator value was estimated through the measurement of specificity and fidelity. In all the parameters studied no significant difference was found between TB and CT treatments.

Analyzing Factors Associated with Trash Pickers' Health Status: Census Data in a Major City in Colombia.

This study aims to identify factors associated with the probability of trash pickers feeling physically or mentally ill and assesses differences by gender. To achieve these, we estimated multivariate regression models by using data from a census' update of 3109 trash pickers in Cali-Colombia in 2015. Outcomes are defined by two binary variables for whether the trash picker reports 14 or more days during the last month with physical and mental illness. Factors included demographic, family, psychological, socioeconomic and job characteristics. We found gender differences in several risk factors. Also a strong link between physical and mental health was found. Trash picker women are more vulnerable than men, public policy interventions aimed at prevention and treatment of mental health problems will have a positive side effect on their physical and mental health.

Soil fertility, ratoon sugarcane yield, and post-harvest residues as affected by surface application of lime and gypsum in southeastern Brazil / Fertilidade do solo, produtividade de cana soca e residuos pós-colheita afetados pela aplicação superficial de calcário e gesso na região sudeste do Brasil

The aim of this study was to evaluate soil fertility amendment, stalk yield, sugar, bagasse, and trash yield as affected by surface application of dolomitic limestone and gypsum in green sugarcane ratoon. A factorial arrangement of four dolomitic limestone rates (0, 900, 1800, and 3600 kg ha­1) and two gypsum rates (0 and 1700 kg ha­1) was used in the experiment. The experiment was performed from October 2006 to October 2007, starting in the rainy season after the 2nd ratoon harvest of the variety SP813250 in a commercial green sugarcane plantation of the São Luiz Sugar Mill (47º25'33" W; 21º59'46", 627 m of altitude), located in Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, in southeast Brazil. After 12 months, the experiment was harvested, technological measurements of stalk yield were made, and soil samples were taken and analyzed. Gypsum acts as a subsurface conditioner thus contributing so the benefits of surface limestone application, on soil acidity correction, to reach deeper layers, allowing the development of the root system of plants in greater depth. However, application of gypsum may lead to leaching of Mg and K from the topsoil layers. The higher rates of lime in surface application provided acidity amendment and, consequently, increased soil fertility in the soil profile, and increased sugarcane stalk, sugar, bagasse, and trash yield.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a correção da fertilidade do solo e produtividade de colmos, açúcar, bagaço e palhiço a partir da aplicação superficial de calcário dolomítico e gesso em cana soca. O arranjo fatorial foi composto por 4 doses de calcário dolomítico (0, 900, 1800 e 3600 kg ha­1) e duas doses de gesso (0 e 1700 kg ha­1). O experimento foi realizado no período de outubro de 2006 a outubro de 2007, iniciando-se na estação chuvosa após a colheita da segunda soqueira. A variedade utilizada foi a SP813250 em plantio comercial de cana crua da Usina de São Luiz (47º25'33 "W; 21º59'46", 627 M de altitude), localizado em Pirassununga, estado de São Paulo, no sudeste do Brasil. Após 12 meses, o experimento foi colhido, determinado os parâmetros tecnológicos e amostras de solo foram coletadas e analisadas. O gesso atua como um condicionador subsuperficial contribuindo assim, para que os benefícios da aplicação superficial de calcário na correção da acidez do solo, alcancem camadas mais profundas e, portanto, permitindo o desenvolvimento do sistema radicular das plantas em maior profundidade. No entanto, a aplicação de gesso pode proporcionar lixiviação de Mg e K das camadas superficiais. As maiores doses de calcário aplicadas superficialmente propiciaram correção da acidez do solo e consequente incremento na fertilidade do solo, produtividade de colmos, açúcar, bagaço e palhiço da cana.

Respiratory diseases of children living near a dumpsite / Doenças respiratórias de população infantil residente próxima a lixão

Despite recognition of the socioenvironmental impacts of improper manangement and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), often involiving diseases, few studies have been carried out to investigate the association between this waste management and health. It is important to know the health status of people living near landfills and dumps, to make those responsible for managment aware of the need to establish more effective sanitation policies. For this purpose, we conducted a descriptive case study with primary data on repiratory diseases of children living near a trash dump. The field work was performed in two periods in 2005 and 2016. In the first, the dump was in operation, while in the second it had been shut down for about five years. The study was conducted in a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro with a population of about 47,000 people in 2006. The results indicate that the rates of respiratory diseases among children living in the area surrounding the dump were higher in 2005 than in 2016, a finding that might be related to the dump's closure. In ten cases the decline in the ailments reported by the respondents was significant, led by wheezing attacks after exercise (26.4 percengage points lower) and pneumonia (16 p.p.lower). In six cases, the rates were slightly higher, suggesting the need for a more thorough study to investigate this increase. The results are not definitive, but indicate the importance of the considering the negative health effects of trash dumps and the need to close them or improve the treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste.

Apesar de reconhecidos os impactos socioambientais causados pelo manejo e disposição irregulares dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), muitas vezes relacionados à incidência de doenças, poucos estudos têm sido realizados com o intuito de verificar a associação entre os efeitos do seu gerenciamento inadequado e a saúde. É importante conhecer o estado de saúde da população residente nas proximidades de aterros de RSU visando conscientizar os responsáveis pelo seu gerenciamento sobre a necessidade de estabelecer políticas mais efetivas nos programas de saneamento dos Estados. Para isso, foi feito um estudo de caso descritivo e quantitativo com dados primários sobre doenças respiratórias de crianças residentes no entorno de um lixão. As pesquisas de campo foram feitas em duas épocas distintas: em 2005 e 2016. Na primeira pesquisa o lixão se encontrava em operação, enquanto que na segunda pesquisa, estava desativado há cerca de cinco anos. O estudo foi desenvolvido numa cidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro com população aproximada de 47.000 habitantes em 2006. Os resultados dão conta de que as doenças do trato respiratório em crianças residentes próximas ao aterro estudado apresentam índices mais elavados, na primeira, com declínio, na segunda pesquisa, e que este fato pode estar relacionado com o fechamento do lixão. Em dez casos o declinio das doenças relatadas pelos sujeitos da pesquisa é significativo, como por exemplo, assovio ou chiado no peito (de 26.4% menor) e pneumonia (16% menor). Em outros 6 casos os índices são levemente mais elevados, sugerindo a necessida de realização de um estudo mais profundo de modo a investigar este aumento. Os resultados não são definitivos, mas indicam a importância de fechamento dos lixões, seus possíveis efeitos negativos à saúde e melhores tratamentos e disposições de residuos solidos urbanos.

Sugarcane trash levels in soil affects the fungi but not bacteria in a short-term field experiment

Abstract The sugarcane in Brazil is passing through a management transition that is leading to the abolition of pre-harvest burning. Without burning, large amounts of sugarcane trash is generated, and there is a discussion regarding the utilization of this biomass in the industry versus keeping it in the field to improve soil quality. To study the effects of the trash removal on soil quality, we established an experimental sugarcane plantation with different levels of trash over the soil (0%, 50% and 100% of the original trash deposition) and analyzed the structure of the bacterial and fungal community as the bioindicators of impacts. The soil DNA was extracted, and the microbial community was screened by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in two different seasons. Our results suggest that there are no effects from the different levels of trash on the soil chemistry and soil bacterial community. However, the fungal community was significantly impacted, and after twelve months, the community presented different structures among the treatments.

Sugarcane trash levels in soil affects the fungi but not bacteria in a short-term field experiment

The sugarcane in Brazil is passing through a management transition that is leading to the abolition of pre-harvest burning. Without burning, large amounts of sugarcane trash is generated, and there is a discussion regarding the utilization of this biomass in the industry versus keeping it in the field to improve soil quality. To study the effects of the trash removal on soil quality, we established an experimental sugarcane plantation with different levels of trash over the soil (0%, 50% and 100% of the original trash deposition) and analyzed the structure of the bacterial and fungal community as the bioindicators of impacts. The soil DNA was extracted, and the microbial community was screened by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in two different seasons. Our results suggest that there are no effects from the different levels of trash on the soil chemistry and soil bacterial community. However, the fungal community was significantly impacted, and after twelve months, the community presented different structures among the treatments.(AU)

Sugarcane trash levels in soil affects the fungi but not bacteria in a short-term field experiment.

The sugarcane in Brazil is passing through a management transition that is leading to the abolition of pre-harvest burning. Without burning, large amounts of sugarcane trash is generated, and there is a discussion regarding the utilization of this biomass in the industry versus keeping it in the field to improve soil quality. To study the effects of the trash removal on soil quality, we established an experimental sugarcane plantation with different levels of trash over the soil (0%, 50% and 100% of the original trash deposition) and analyzed the structure of the bacterial and fungal community as the bioindicators of impacts. The soil DNA was extracted, and the microbial community was screened by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis in two different seasons. Our results suggest that there are no effects from the different levels of trash on the soil chemistry and soil bacterial community. However, the fungal community was significantly impacted, and after twelve months, the community presented different structures among the treatments.

The stigma of making a living from garbage: Meta-sterotypes of trash-pickers in León (Nicaragua).

The article analyzes various aspects related to the meta-stereotype of 99 trash pickers who made their living from the garbage dumps in León (Nicaragua). This group is difficult to access, heavily stigmatized, and lives in extreme poverty. All the pickers in the city were interviewed using a heteroapplied structured interview. The results show that people who obtained their livelihood from garbage in the city of León had a mainly negative meta-stereotype, albeit one to which was some extent indulgent, which could have a negative impact on their processes of social inclusion. The content of the meta-stereotype had a high degree of uniformity, with few variations between the respondents. However, some differences were observed in the use of some attributes in the meta-stereotype according to age, cohabitation with a partner and/or with parents, income level, engagement in paid work apart from picking garbage and the respondents' expectations for the future.

Produção de resíduos em hospitais públicos e filantrópicos no município de Fortaleza CE / wastes production at public and philanthropic hospitals in the city of Fortaleza CE / Producción de resíduos en hospitales públicos y filantrópicos en el município de Fortaleza CE

Os Resíduos em Serviços de Saúde RSS compreendem os produtos gerados nos serviços de saúde, especialmente nos hospitais, pela contingência e abrangência dos atendimentos. O presente artigo aborda a problemática dos Resíduos em Serviços de Saúde RSS em hospitais públicos e filantrópicos de médio e grande porte no município de Fortaleza CE, com enfoque na taxa de geração. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi estruturadas com os profissionais responsáveis pelo setor de higiene e limpeza ou responsável técnico pelo plano de gerenciamento de cada hospital a fim de identificar o volume de resíduos. Tomando por base o número de leitos por dia, foi feita estimativa da produção de resíduos por hospital, conforme o cálculo preconizado na literatura. Os dados foram comparados com valores existentes no Brasil e em outros países, analisando-se a sua importância e contribuição para o gerenciamento adequado com base nesse conhecimento, visto que a principal meta da gestão de RSS é a redução do volume, minimizando, assim, os custos hospitalares.

Waste in Healthcare Services WHS include products generated from healthcare services especially at hospitals as a result from health care. This article deals with the troubles from WHS at medium and large size public and philanthropic hospitals in the city of Fortaleza CE with emphasis on generations rate. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with the professionals responsible for the hygiene and cleanliness sectors or with the technicians responsible for the management plan of each hospital in order to identify the waste volume. Based on the number of beds a day, an estimate was made about waste production per hospital according to the calculation established in the literature. The data was compared with the existing values in Brazil and other countries, analyzing its importance and contribution to the appropriate waste management based on this knowledge, considering that the main goal of WHS management is to reduce the volume, thus minizing hospital costs.

Los desechosos en los Servicios de Salud RSS comprenden los productos generados en los servicios sanitarios, especialmente en los hospitales, por la contingencia y alcance de las atenciones. El presente artículo aborda la problemática de los desechos en los Servicios de Salud RSS en hospitales públicos y filantrópicos de mediano y grande porte en el município de Fortaleza CE, con enfoque en la tasa de generación. Fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas con los profesionales responsables por el sector de higiene y limpieza o el responsable técnico por el plan de gerencia de cada hospital a fin de identificar el volumen de desechos. Tomándose por base el número de lechos/día, se hizo la estimación de la producción de desechos por hospital, conforme el cálculo preconizado en la literatura. Los datos fueron comparados con valores existentes en Brasil y en otros países, analizándose su importancia y contribución para una gestión adecuada con base en ese conocimiento, visto que la principal meta de la gestión de RSS es la reducción del volumen, disminuyendo, así, los costes hospitalarios

Manejo de palhada de cana colhida sem queima, produtividade do canavial e qualidade do caldo

The trash management of the sugarcane with harvest road green sugarcane associate to varieties more adapted can influence the production of stalk and the technological quality. The present work had as objective evaluating the influence of different sugarcane varieties submitted to systems of harvest management of green sugarcane about the production and the technological quality of the sugarcane. The treatments were the systems of trash management of the ratoon harvesting mechanically: straw without triturating/without cultivation (PST/SC); straw without triturating/with disk harrow cultivation (PST/CC); triturated straw/with disk harrow cultivation (PT/CC), cultivated with 18 sugarcane varieties (RB83-5486, RB85-5536, RB85-5546, RB84-5230, SP81-3250, SP80-3280, SP76-112, SP86-155, SP87-344, SP87-365, SP87-396, SP86-042, SP85-3877, SP84-5560, SP88-725, SP88-817, SP83-2847 Q-138). The technological quality of the sugarcane is affected by the varieties and system trash management of ratoon harvesting road green sugarcane. The use of the cultivation of the interlineations with disk harrow compared to the system without cultivation increased the production of stalk and the ton pol per ha, however, it reduced ATR and the pol of the ratoon harvesting road green sugarcane. The straw triturating in the treatments with use of the cultivation of the interlineations with disk harrow is not important in the production and in the stalk quality of the ratoon harvesting road green sugarcane.

O manejo da palhada da cana-de-açúcar com cana colhida sem queima associado a variedades mais adaptadas podem influenciar a produção de colmos e a qualidade do caldo. Assim, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho com objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetida a sistemas de manejo de colheita da cana colhida sem queima sobre a produção e a qualidade do caldo da cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos foram os sistemas de manejo da palhada da soqueira colhida mecanicamente: palha sem triturar/sem cultivo (PST/SC); palha sem triturar/com cultivo com escarificador (PST/CC); palha triturada/com cultivo com escarificador (PT/CC), cultivado com 18 variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB83-5486, RB85-5536, RB85-5546, RB84-5230, SP81-3250, SP80-3280, SP76-112, SP86-155, SP87-344, SP87-365, SP87-396, SP86-042, SP85-3877, SP84-5560, SP88-725, SP88-817, SP83-2847 Q-138). A qualidade do caldo da cana-de-açúcar varia em função das variedades e sistema de manejo da palhada da soqueira da cana colhida sem queima. O uso do cultivo da entrelinha com escarificador comparado ao sistema sem cultivo aumentou a produção de colmos e a tonelada de sacarose aparente por ha, entretanto, reduziu ATR e a sacarose aparente das soqueiras da cana colhida sem queima. A trituração da palhada nos tratamentos com uso do cultivo da entrelinha com escarificador não é importante na produção e na qualidade de colmos das soqueiras da cana colhida sem queima.

Manejo de palhada de cana colhida sem queima, produtividade do canavial e qualidade do caldo

The trash management of the sugarcane with harvest road green sugarcane associate to varieties more adapted can influence the production of stalk and the technological quality. The present work had as objective evaluating the influence of different sugarcane varieties submitted to systems of harvest management of green sugarcane about the production and the technological quality of the sugarcane. The treatments were the systems of trash management of the ratoon harvesting mechanically: straw without triturating/without cultivation (PST/SC); straw without triturating/with disk harrow cultivation (PST/CC); triturated straw/with disk harrow cultivation (PT/CC), cultivated with 18 sugarcane varieties (RB83-5486, RB85-5536, RB85-5546, RB84-5230, SP81-3250, SP80-3280, SP76-112, SP86-155, SP87-344, SP87-365, SP87-396, SP86-042, SP85-3877, SP84-5560, SP88-725, SP88-817, SP83-2847 Q-138). The technological quality of the sugarcane is affected by the varieties and system trash management of ratoon harvesting road green sugarcane. The use of the cultivation of the interlineations with disk harrow compared to the system without cultivation increased the production of stalk and the ton pol per ha, however, it reduced ATR and the pol of the ratoon harvesting road green sugarcane. The straw triturating in the treatments with use of the cultivation of the interlineations with disk harrow is not important in the production and in the stalk quality of the ratoon harvesting road green sugarcane.

O manejo da palhada da cana-de-açúcar com cana colhida sem queima associado a variedades mais adaptadas podem influenciar a produção de colmos e a qualidade do caldo. Assim, desenvolveu-se o presente trabalho com objetivo de avaliar a influência de diferentes variedades de cana-de-açúcar submetida a sistemas de manejo de colheita da cana colhida sem queima sobre a produção e a qualidade do caldo da cana-de-açúcar. Os tratamentos foram os sistemas de manejo da palhada da soqueira colhida mecanicamente: palha sem triturar/sem cultivo (PST/SC); palha sem triturar/com cultivo com escarificador (PST/CC); palha triturada/com cultivo com escarificador (PT/CC), cultivado com 18 variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB83-5486, RB85-5536, RB85-5546, RB84-5230, SP81-3250, SP80-3280, SP76-112, SP86-155, SP87-344, SP87-365, SP87-396, SP86-042, SP85-3877, SP84-5560, SP88-725, SP88-817, SP83-2847 Q-138). A qualidade do caldo da cana-de-açúcar varia em função das variedades e sistema de manejo da palhada da soqueira da cana colhida sem queima. O uso do cultivo da entrelinha com escarificador comparado ao sistema sem cultivo aumentou a produção de colmos e a tonelada de sacarose aparente por ha, entretanto, reduziu ATR e a sacarose aparente das soqueiras da cana colhida sem queima. A trituração da palhada nos tratamentos com uso do cultivo da entrelinha com escarificador não é importante na produção e na qualidade de colmos das soqueiras da cana colhida sem queima.

Folhas verdes, folhas secas, fibra do colmo e a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar

The presence of vegetal impurities in sugarcane delivered to sugarmills as green and dry leaves is a problem not only because they are non-value materials to be processed along with sugarcane stalks, but also because they can rise the color of the clarified juice and, consequently, the color of the sugar produced, with a reduction of its quality for the market. Another problem is the mud volume sedimented in the clarifiers, which also can result in a larger recirculation and greater volume of filtrate juice, with higher losses of sucrose and utilization of the vacuum rotary filters. The objective of this work was to observe the effect of the presence of green and dry leaves on sugarcane juice clarification, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiments were planned based on the addition of quantities of fibrous sources in order to formulate samples with absolute increase of 0.25 , 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane stalks (control treatment). The juice clarification was conducted with a laboratory clarifier. The clarified juice color and the mud volume were evaluated. The presence of green leaves caused higher color and mud volume due to the extraction of non-sucrose components of the leaves. Soluble compounds of dry leaves were also extracted, though not detected by juice analysis. The addition of the fiber extracted from the stalks did not induce alterations in the clarification process.

A presença de impurezas vegetais, como folhas verdes e secas, nos carregamentos de cana-de-açúcar entregues nas usinas de açúcar, tem preocupado os técnicos não somente por se tratar de um material sem qualquer valor tecnológico para processamento, como ainda por poder causar aumento na cor do caldo clarificado e conseqüentemente na cor do açúcar produzido, com redução de sua qualidade para o mercado; outro problema é o volume do lodo decantado nos clarificadores, cujo aumento causa maior recirculação e maior volume do caldo filtrado, com maiores perdas de sacarose e maior utilização dos filtros rotativos a vácuo. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar com a adição de folhas verdes e folhas secas, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo como base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 , 0,50 e 0,75 ponto percentual sobre o teor de fibra do colmo da cana. Os efeitos sobre a clarificação do caldo, conduzida em clarificador de bancada em laboratório, foram avaliados pela cor do caldo clarificado e o volume de lodo decantado. Na presença de folhas verdes ocorreu uma elevação da cor do caldo clarificado e do volume de lodo decantado. Da folha verde são extraídos água e compostos que são responsáveis por alterações na composição do caldo; devido à presença de componentes não-sacarose o extrato foliar interfere na clarificação do caldo. Da folha seca também foram extraídos compostos solúveis, todavia não detectados através das análises do caldo. A fibra do colmo não afetou a clarificação.

Folhas verdes, folhas secas, fibra do colmo e a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar

The presence of vegetal impurities in sugarcane delivered to sugarmills as green and dry leaves is a problem not only because they are non-value materials to be processed along with sugarcane stalks, but also because they can rise the color of the clarified juice and, consequently, the color of the sugar produced, with a reduction of its quality for the market. Another problem is the mud volume sedimented in the clarifiers, which also can result in a larger recirculation and greater volume of filtrate juice, with higher losses of sucrose and utilization of the vacuum rotary filters. The objective of this work was to observe the effect of the presence of green and dry leaves on sugarcane juice clarification, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiments were planned based on the addition of quantities of fibrous sources in order to formulate samples with absolute increase of 0.25 , 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane stalks (control treatment). The juice clarification was conducted with a laboratory clarifier. The clarified juice color and the mud volume were evaluated. The presence of green leaves caused higher color and mud volume due to the extraction of non-sucrose components of the leaves. Soluble compounds of dry leaves were also extracted, though not detected by juice analysis. The addition of the fiber extracted from the stalks did not induce alterations in the clarification process.

A presença de impurezas vegetais, como folhas verdes e secas, nos carregamentos de cana-de-açúcar entregues nas usinas de açúcar, tem preocupado os técnicos não somente por se tratar de um material sem qualquer valor tecnológico para processamento, como ainda por poder causar aumento na cor do caldo clarificado e conseqüentemente na cor do açúcar produzido, com redução de sua qualidade para o mercado; outro problema é o volume do lodo decantado nos clarificadores, cujo aumento causa maior recirculação e maior volume do caldo filtrado, com maiores perdas de sacarose e maior utilização dos filtros rotativos a vácuo. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a clarificação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar com a adição de folhas verdes e folhas secas, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo como base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 , 0,50 e 0,75 ponto percentual sobre o teor de fibra do colmo da cana. Os efeitos sobre a clarificação do caldo, conduzida em clarificador de bancada em laboratório, foram avaliados pela cor do caldo clarificado e o volume de lodo decantado. Na presença de folhas verdes ocorreu uma elevação da cor do caldo clarificado e do volume de lodo decantado. Da folha verde são extraídos água e compostos que são responsáveis por alterações na composição do caldo; devido à presença de componentes não-sacarose o extrato foliar interfere na clarificação do caldo. Da folha seca também foram extraídos compostos solúveis, todavia não detectados através das análises do caldo. A fibra do colmo não afetou a clarificação.

Impurezas fibrosas da cana-de-açúcar e parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo extraído

The objective was to observe the effect of the presence of green leaves and dry leaves on technological parameters of sugarcane juice, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiment was based on the addition of known quantities of fibrous sources, in order to formulate samples with absolute increases of 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane control tretment. The green leaves caused a reduction of the Brix, pol and juice purity, and an increase on the juice content of reducing sugars and ash. These results, statiscally significant at the level of 1% of probability, were expressed by linear regression equations and correlation coeficients. The presence of dry leaves extracted from their stalks as fiber addition, did not induce alterations in the juice.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da presença de folhas verdes e folhas secas nos parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo da cana-de-açúcar, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo por base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 ; 0,50 e 0,75 pontos porcentuais sobre o teor de fibra da cana do tratamento controle. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de folhas verdes causaram redução no Brix, pol e pureza do caldo, e elevação do teor de açúcares redutores e cinzas do caldo. Estes resultados, estatísticamente significativos a nível de 1% de probabilidade, foram expressos por equações de regressão linear e coeficiente de correlação. A presença de folhas secas bem como a adição de fibra do próprio colmo, não induziram a alterações no caldo.

Impurezas fibrosas da cana-de-açúcar e parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo extraído

The objective was to observe the effect of the presence of green leaves and dry leaves on technological parameters of sugarcane juice, related to a control treatment with the addition of fiber extracted from the stalks. The experiment was based on the addition of known quantities of fibrous sources, in order to formulate samples with absolute increases of 0.25; 0.50 and 0.75 percentual points over the fiber content of the sugarcane control tretment. The green leaves caused a reduction of the Brix, pol and juice purity, and an increase on the juice content of reducing sugars and ash. These results, statiscally significant at the level of 1% of probability, were expressed by linear regression equations and correlation coeficients. The presence of dry leaves extracted from their stalks as fiber addition, did not induce alterations in the juice.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito da presença de folhas verdes e folhas secas nos parâmetros tecnológicos do caldo da cana-de-açúcar, tendo como controle a adição de fibra do colmo. Os ensaios foram delineados tendo por base a adição de quantidades das fontes fibrosas - folha verde, folha seca e fibra do colmo - para formular amostras que correspondessem a acréscimos absolutos de 0,25 ; 0,50 e 0,75 pontos porcentuais sobre o teor de fibra da cana do tratamento controle. Os resultados mostraram que a presença de folhas verdes causaram redução no Brix, pol e pureza do caldo, e elevação do teor de açúcares redutores e cinzas do caldo. Estes resultados, estatísticamente significativos a nível de 1% de probabilidade, foram expressos por equações de regressão linear e coeficiente de correlação. A presença de folhas secas bem como a adição de fibra do próprio colmo, não induziram a alterações no caldo.

Manejo do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar. 1. efeito na produção de colmos industrializáveis e outras características agronônicas

A field experiment was conducted at Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with objective to study different methods of handling sugarcane trash and its effects on productivity and other agronomic characteristics. It was tested five treatments of sugarcane trash, in four consecutive harvests. Treatments of burning the sugarcane plant before harvest, harvesting and burning the remaining trash and remove the trash from plots behaved the same way in relation to industrialized culms production. Aligning it in alternate rows and triturate and redistribute in the field showed less productivity. In relation to brix % juice, it could be suggest any one method of handling the trash studied, because all them presented brix % juice above 18%. The production of green matter from the upper immature part of the stalk, diameter, mean weight of the culm and internode number was not affected by methods of handling the trash.

O experimento foi conduzido em área do Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes tipos de manejo do palhiço e os efeitos sobre a produção de colmos industrializáveis e outras características agronômicas da cana-de-açúcar. Foram testados cinco tratamentos de manejo do palhiço, em quatro colheitas consecutivas. Os tratamentos de queimar a cana em pé antes da colheita, colher a cana e queimar o palhiço remanescente e retirar o palhiço da parcela comportaram-se de maneira semelhante em relação a produção de colmos industrializáveis. Enleirar o palhiço em filas alternadas e triturar o palhiço e redistribuir na lavoura apresentaram menor produtividade. Para o brix pode-se recomendar qualquer dos tipos de manejo do palhiço estudados, visto que todos apresentaram grau brix superior a 18%. A produção de massa verde proveniente das pontas, diâmetro do colmo, peso médio de colmo e número de entrenós do colmo não foram afetados pêlos tratamentos de manejo do palhiço.

MANEJO DO PALHIÇO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR. 1. EFEITO NA PRODUÇÃO DE COLMOS INDUSTRIALIZÁVEIS E OUTRAS CARACTERÍSTICAS AGRONÔNICAS

A field experiment was conducted at Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with objective to study different methods of handling sugarcane trash and its effects on productivity and other agronomic characteristics. It was tested five treatments of sugarcane trash, in four consecutive harvests. Treatments of burning the sugarcane plant before harvest, harvesting and burning the remaining trash and remove the trash from plots behaved the same way in relation to industrialized culms production. Aligning it in alternate rows and triturate and redistribute in the field showed less productivity. In relation to brix % juice, it could be suggest any one method of handling the trash studied, because all them presented brix % juice above 18%. The production of green matter from the upper immature part of the stalk, diameter, mean weight of the culm and internode number was not affected by methods of handling the trash.

O experimento foi conduzido em área do Centro de Ciências Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes tipos de manejo do palhiço e os efeitos sobre a produção de colmos industrializáveis e outras características agronômicas da cana-de-açúcar. Foram testados cinco tratamentos de manejo do palhiço, em quatro colheitas consecutivas. Os tratamentos de queimar a cana em pé antes da colheita, colher a cana e queimar o palhiço remanescente e retirar o palhiço da parcela comportaram-se de maneira semelhante em relação a produção de colmos industrializáveis. Enleirar o palhiço em filas alternadas e triturar o palhiço e redistribuir na lavoura apresentaram menor produtividade. Para o brix pode-se recomendar qualquer dos tipos de manejo do palhiço estudados, visto que todos apresentaram grau brix superior a 18%. A produção de massa verde proveniente das pontas, diâmetro do colmo, peso médio de colmo e número de entrenós do colmo não foram afetados pêlos tratamentos de manejo do palhiço.