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1.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 39(2): 117-126, Mar. 2024. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230866

RESUMO

Introducción La teoría de la mente (ToM) es la capacidad humana de percibir, interpretar y atribuir los estados mentales de las otras personas y la alteración de esta función cognitiva es un síntoma nuclear del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Hay otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo como el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de inicio en la infancia (TOC) y el síndrome de Tourette (ST), que pueden presentarse con disfunciones cognitivas, y en los que la ToM ha sido menos estudiada, especialmente en población juvenil. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la ToM avanzada entre grupos de jóvenes con diagnóstico de TOC, ST o TEA y un grupo de controles sanos. Métodos Se entrevistaron clínicamente a varones de entre 11 y 17 años con diagnóstico principal de TOC (n = 19), ST (n = 14), TEA (n = 18), y un grupo control de sujetos sanos (n = 20). Se les administró instrumentos de estimación de cociente intelectual, severidad de los síntomas psiquiátricos y las pruebas para evaluar la ToM: la tarea Historias de la vida cotidiana y el Test de la mirada. Resultados Los jóvenes con ST presentan dificultades similares para resolver tareas de ToM avanzada al nivel de los pacientes con TEA, a diferencia de los pacientes con TOC de inicio en la infancia que presentan resultados similares a los controles sanos. Conclusiones La ToM está alterada en otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo más allá del TEA, como en el ST. (AU)


Introduction Theory of mind (ToM) is the human ability to perceive, interpret, and attribute the mental states of other people, and the alteration of this cognitive function is a core symptom of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). In such other neurodevelopmental disorders as childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) that can present with cognitive dysfunctions, ToM has been less extensively studied, especially in the young population. The aim of the study was to compare advanced ToM between groups of young people diagnosed with OCD, TS, or ASD and a control group. Methods Clinical interviews were conducted with male patients aged between 11 and 17 years with a main diagnosis of OCD (n = 19), TS (n = 14), or ASD (n = 18), and a control group (n = 20). We administered instruments for estimating intelligence quotient and severity of psychiatric symptoms, and tasks to evaluate ToM (the “Stories from everyday life” task and the “Reading the mind in the eyes” test). Results Young people with TS and with ASD present similar difficulties in solving advanced ToM tasks, whereas patients with childhood-onset OCD present similar results to controls. Conclusions ToM is altered in other neurodevelopmental disorders beyond ASD, such as TS. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento , Teoria da Mente , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Síndrome de Tourette , Transtorno do Espectro Autista
2.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 39(2): 117-126, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38272257

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Theory of mind (ToM) is the human ability to perceive, interpret, and attribute the mental states of other people, and the alteration of this cognitive function is a core symptom of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). In such other neurodevelopmental disorders as childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) that can present with cognitive dysfunctions, ToM has been less extensively studied, especially in the young population. The aim of the study was to compare advanced ToM between groups of young people diagnosed with OCD, TS, or ASD and a control group. METHODS: Clinical interviews were conducted with male patients aged between 11 and 17 years with a main diagnosis of OCD (n = 19), TS (n = 14), or ASD (n = 18), and a control group (n = 20). We administered instruments for estimating intelligence quotient and severity of psychiatric symptoms, and tasks to evaluate ToM (the "Stories from everyday life" task and the "Reading the mind in the eyes" test). RESULTS: Young people with TS and with ASD present similar difficulties in solving advanced ToM tasks, whereas patients with childhood-onset OCD present similar results to controls. CONCLUSIONS: ToM is altered in other neurodevelopmental disorders beyond ASD, such as TS.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Teoria da Mente , Síndrome de Tourette , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Cognição , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia
3.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 87(2): 109-119, dic. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1555608

RESUMO

El trastorno obsesivo compulsivo es diagnosticado tardíamente, factor que empeora su pronóstico. Contar con una escala de cribado facilitaría el diagnóstico oportuno. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron seleccionar la escala más adecuada para cribado de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo en adultos y someterla a un proceso de adaptación cultural uruguaya. Se efectuó una revisión narrativa de escalas diseñadas para cribado de este trastorno en Internet, entre febrero y mayo de 2021. Las escalas fueron analizadas según una lista de criterios preestablecidos, que permitió descartar progresivamente aquellas que no reunían las condiciones: extensión menor a 30 ítems, método autoaplicado, adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, punto de corte establecido para la detección, incluir las temáticas y presentaciones características de la patología. Seleccionado el inventario, se efectuó su traducción directa y reversa, y revisión conceptual por comité de expertas. Fue seleccionada la escala Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (FOCI), que presenta buena apariencia lógica, lenguaje accesible y una sensibilidad del 92 % para detección de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo. De su adaptación cultural se obtuvo una versión preliminar en lenguaje regional. La versión preliminar de FOCI deberá ser testeada cualitativamente en estudio piloto, donde será completada por usuarios con trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, para obtener una versión regional equivalente a la original.


Obsessive-compulsive disorder is diagnosed late, a factor that worsens its prognosis. Having a screening scale would facilitate timely diagnosis. The objectives are to select the most appropriate scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder screening in adults and submit it to a process of Uruguaiyan cultural adaptation. Between February and May 2021, a narrative review of scales designed for that disorder screening on the Internet was carried out. The scales were analyzed according to a list of pre-established criteria, which made it possible to progressively discard those that did not meet the conditions: an extension less than 30 items, self-applied method, adequate psychometric properties, cut-off point established for the detection, including the topics and characteristic presentations of the pathology. Once the inventory was selected, its direct and reverse translation was carried out, as well as a conceptual review by a committee of experts. The Florida Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (FOCI) scale was selected, which presents good logical appearance, accessible language and a sensitivity of 92 % for obsessive-compulsive disorder screening. From its cultural adaptation, a preliminary version in regional language was obtained. The preliminary version of FOCI must be qualitatively tested in a pilot study, where it will be completed by users with obsessive-compulsive disorder, in order to obtain a regional version equivalent to the original.


Assuntos
Humanos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Programas de Rastreamento , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Uruguai , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
4.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 97: e202309075, Sept. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-226225

RESUMO

Fundamentos: La salud mental de la población se ha visto comprometida ante una situación de pandemia mundial, especialmente en pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los niveles de estrés, ansiedady depresión en pacientes con TOC durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo el formato PRISMA en las bases de datos electrónicasPubmed, Scopus,Web of Science, Dialnet yMedline entre los meses de enero y mayo de 2023. A partir de las herramientas de evaluación crítica paraestudios del Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) se evaluó la calidad metodológica. Resultados: Un total de doce estudios fueron incluidos en esta revisión. La salud mental de la población se vio comprometidaante la pandemia de la COVID-19, siendo especialmente afectados los pacientes con TOC. Aunque existió una amplia variabilidad deresultados, se observó que el nivel de estrés y ansiedad aumentó durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: La salud mental de los pacientes con TOC, especialmente los que tienen TOC de limpieza, se ve comprometidaen tiempos de pandemia, presentando niveles medios-altos de estrés, ansiedad y depresión.(AU)


Bacground: The population’s mental health has been compromised by a global pandemic, especially in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of stress, anxiety and depression in patients withobsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA format in the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web ofScience, Dialnet and Medline between the months of January and May 2023. Method quality was assessed based on the critical evaluationtools for studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: A total of twelve studies were included in this review. The mental health of the population has been compromised by theCOVID-19 pandemic, with patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder being especially affected. Although there was a wide variabilityof results, it was observed that the level of stress and anxiety increased during the pandemic. Conclusions: The mental health of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, especiallywashing machine patients, is com-promised in times of pandemic, presenting medium-high levels of stress, anxiety and depression.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico , Ansiedade , Pandemias , Saúde Mental , Saúde Pública , Depressão , Isolamento Social , Espanha
5.
Apuntes psicol ; 41(2): 69-75, 12 mayo 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221834

RESUMO

La terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) pone de manifiesto la importancia de la evitación experiencial y la fusión cognitiva en un amplio espectro de problemas psicológicos. El propósito de este estudio es conocer cómo influyen la gravedad del trastorno de pánico y agorafobia (TPA) y la gravedad del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) en los niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se pretende examinar, además, si existen diferencias entre ambos grupos diagnósticos. La muestra estaba constituida por 67 personas diagnosticadas de TPA y TOC. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) y Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Los resultados mostraron que los pacientes con TPA presentan mayores niveles de fusión cognitiva frente a los pacientes con TOC, que elevados niveles de ansiedad se asocian a mayor grado de evitación experiencial y que una mayor gravedad del TOC correlacionaba con elevados niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se propone una intervención temprana en pacientes con TOC para prevenir la cronicidad del trastorno y se recalca la importancia de los aspectos de aceptación en el trascurso de la terapia de estos pacientes (AU)


Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) highlights the importance of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in a wide spectrum of psychological problems. The purpose of this study is to know how the severity of panic disorder and agoraphobia (APT) and the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) influence levels of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. It is also intended to examine whether there are differences between the two diagnostic groups. The sample consisted of 67 people diagnosed with APT and OCD. The following assessment instruments were used: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The results showed that patients with APT present higher levels of cognitive fusion compared to patients with OCD, that high levels of anxiety are associated with a higher degree of experiential avoidance, and that greater severity of OCD correlated with high levels of experiential avoidance and fusion cognitive. Early intervention in OCD patients is proposed to prevent the chronicity of the disorder and the importance of the acceptance aspects is emphasized in the course of therapy of these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Transtorno de Pânico/terapia , Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso , Cognição , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Etários
6.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535640

RESUMO

Introducción: Existe una creciente evidencia investigativa sobre la relación entre el síndrome ortoréxico y el perfeccionismo. Objetivo: Se efectúa un análisis descriptivo interpretativo e integrador acerca de la relación entre el perfeccionismo con la ortorexia nerviosa, destacando los aspectos clínicos, etiopatogénicos y nosológicos. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre la relación entre el síndrome ortoréxico y el perfeccionismo mediante las bases de datos Medline/PubMed, SciELO y textos especializados. Resultados: El término ortorexia se ha concebido como una fijación patológica hacia una alimentación equilibrada y saludable (Bratman, 1997), implicando restricciones dietéticas drásticas, con interferencia significativa en las relaciones sociales e insatisfacciones afectivas, que, además favorecen la conducta alimentaria desadaptativa. Etiopatogénicamente, existe controversia respecto a si es un mero estilo de vida, o puede incluirse definitivamente como un trastorno en los espectros alimentario u obsesivo-compulsivo. De hecho, posee similitudes, diferencias e incluso traslapes con ambas entidades psicopatológicas. Se destaca como rasgo relevante común, el perfeccionismo, orientado hacia sí mismo, hacía los demás, y socialmente prescrito, que favorece la tendencia a desarrollar conductas ortoréxicas elevadas. Conclusiones: El perfeccionismo surge como una característica sobresaliente, positivamente correlacionada con el síndrome ortoréxico, cuya presencia se superpone con los ámbitos, tanto alimentario (especialmente la anorexia nerviosa) como obsesivo-compulsivo.


Background: There is a growing research evidence on the relationship between orthorexic syndrome and perfectionism. Objective: An interpretive and integrative descriptive analysis on the relationship between perfectionism and orthorexia nervosa, highlighting the clinical, etiopathogenic and nosological aspects is carried through. Method: A bibliographic search on the relationship between orthorexic syndrome and perfectionism using the Medline/PubMed, SciELO and specialized text databases was carried out. Results: The term orthorexia has been conceived as a pathological fixation towards a balanced and healthy diet (Bratman, 1997), implying drastic dietary restrictions, with significant interference in social relationships and affective dissatisfactions, which also favor maladaptive eating behavior. From an etiopathogenic perspective, it is controversial if orthorexia nervosa is a mere lifestyle, or definitively must be included as a disorder in the eating or obsessive-compulsive spectrum. In fact, the orthorexic syndrome has similarities, differences and even overlaps with both psychopathological entities. Perfectionism stands out as a common relevant trait, oriented towards oneself, towards others, and socially prescribed, which favors a tendency to develop high orthorectic behaviors. Conclusions: Perfectionism emerges as an outstanding characteristic, positively correlated with the orthorexic syndrome, overlapping with both eating (especially anorexia nervosa) and obsessive-compulsive areas.

7.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 51(4): 335-340, oct.-dic. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423884

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: Desde 1980 se conocen casos de síndromes neuropsiquiátricos infantiles en el mundo y su concepto ha evolucionado con cambios en las definiciones de 1995 (PITANDS: trastornos neuropsiquiátricos pediátricos autoinmunes precipitados por infección), 1998 (PANDAS: síndrome neuropsiquiátrico autoinmune pediátrico asociado con la infección por estreptococos), 2010 (PANS: síndrome pediátrico neuropsiquiátrico de inicio agudo) y 2012 (CANS: síndromes neuropsiquiátricos agudos de los niños). A pesar de que se conoce desde hace más de 20 años, aún es una enfermedad que suele pasar inadvertida para muchos profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Sensibilizar a la comunidad médica acerca de la identificación de la enfermedad y disminuir la morbilidad asociada con un diagnóstico tardío. Caso clínico: Una niña de 6 años consultó a urgencias por trastorno de rechazo alimentario. En el tratamiento hospitalario se identificó historia clínica con criterios diagnósticos de PANS-PANDAS. Mostraba un curso clínico recurrente-remitente, tal y como describe la literatura, con pobre respuesta a los tratamientos de primera línea. Conclusiones: En todo niño en edad escolar que se presente con trastorno obsesivo compulsivo o trastornos alimentarios, con sin otros síntomas, se debe evaluar y descartar su asociación con PANS-CANS.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Since 1980, there have been known cases of childhood neuropsychiatric syndromes in the world and its concept has evolved with changes in the definitions in 1995 (PITANDs - paediatric infection-triggered autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders), 1998 (PANDAS - paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with streptococci infection), 2010 (PANS - paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome) and 2012 (CANS - childhood acute neuropsychiatric syndrome). Despite being known for more than 20 years, it is still an illness that often goes unnoticed by many health professionals. Objective: To sensitise the medical community about the identification of the disease and reduce the morbidity associated with a late diagnosis. Clinical case: A 6-year-old schoolgirl brought to the emergency department due to her refusal to eat. In the hospital treatment, a clinical history was identified with PANS-PANDAS diagnostic criteria. She exhibited a relapsing-remitting clinical course, as described in the literature, with poor response to first-line treatments. Conclusions: In all school-age child presenting with obsessive compulsive disorder or eating disorders, with other symptoms or not, a possible link to PANS-CANS should be evaluated and ruled out.

8.
An. psicol ; 38(3): 478-488, Oct-Dic. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-208818

RESUMO

Introducción: El objetivo general de este estudio fue llevar a cabo un estudio meta-analítico con el fin de examinar el rendimiento de las funciones ejecutivas en niños/adolescentes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC). Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura desde 1984 hasta septiembre de 2021, seleccionando un total de 20 estudios publicados que comparaban los resultados en funciones ejecutivas entre un grupo de niños y/o adolescentes con TOC y un grupo de control sano. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la puntuación total en la escala de calidad de los estudios osciló entre los 3 y los 8.5 puntos (en una escala de 0 a 9), con una media de 6.6. Los tamaños del efecto en las distintas funciones ejecutivas fueron: Inhibición (d+= -0.221), Flexibilidad cognitiva (d+= -0.418), toma de decisiones (d+= -0.169) y planificación (d+= -0.319), indicando un menor rendimiento en los grupos con TOC frente a los grupos de control sano. Los resultados fueron clínicamente significativos en todos los dominios excepto en Toma de decisiones. El sesgo de publicación sólo se pudo llevar a cabo en flexibilidad e inhibición de respuesta. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con TOC presentaron peor rendimiento ejecutivo que los controles sanos en todas las funciones ejecutivas, destacando flexibilidad cognitiva y planificación. No obstante, los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela debido al pequeño tamaño muestral.(AU)


Background:The main objective of this work was to carry out a meta-analytical study to examine performance in executive functions in children/adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Method:A comprehensive literature search from 1984 to September 2021 was conducted, selecting a total of 20 published studies comparing executive function outcomes among a group of children and/or adolescents with OCD and a healthy control group. Results:Results showed that the total score on the quality scale of studies ranged between 3 and 8.5 points (on a scale of 0 to 9), with a mean of 6.6. The effect sizes in the different executive functions were as follows: Inhibition (d+= -0.221), Cognitive flexibility (d+= -0.418), Decision making (d+= -0.169) and Planning (d+=-0.319), indicating a lower performance in the OCD groups compared to the healthy control groups. Results were clinically significant in all domains except decision making. Publication bias could only be carried out in flexibility and response inhibition.Conclusions: OCD patients presented worse executive performance than healthy controls in all functions, highlighting cognitive flexibility and planning. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Transtornos Disruptivos, de Controle do Impulso e da Conduta , Tomada de Decisões , Cognição , Planejamento , Espanha , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica , Medicina do Comportamento
9.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 50(5): 246-248, septiembre 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211147

RESUMO

Las obsesiones existenciales (OE) son un tipo poco comúnde pensamiento obsesivo, también descrito como obsesionesfilosóficas o reflexivas. En el Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo(TOC) con inicio en el posparto, el cuadro clínico frecuentementepresenta pensamientos intrusivos sobre el daño infantil ycompulsiones de verificación. Presentamos un caso inusualde una paciente con TOC de inicio posparto, que presentabaOE. El caso destaca la importancia de explorar activamente lasintomatología, para un diagnóstico diferencial acertado. Enparticular, en el posparto, un diagnóstico psiquiátrico correctotiene importantes implicaciones terapéuticas y pronósticas. (AU)


Existential obsessions (EO) are an uncommon type of obsessivethought, also described as philosophical or ruminative obsessions.In Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with postpartum onset,the clinical picture frequently counts with intrusive thoughtsabout infant harm and compulsions of verification. We reportan unusual case of a patient with postpartum onset OCD,who presented with EO. The case highlights the importanceof actively exploring the symptomatology, for an accuratedifferential diagnosis. In particular, in the postpartum period,a correct psychiatric diagnosis has significant therapeutic andprognostic implications. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Cognição , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Período Pós-Parto , Psiquiatria
10.
Rev. cientif. cienc. med ; 25(1): 14-20, sept. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399789

RESUMO

INTRODUCCION: en América Latina y el Caribe, tanto los trastornos de ansiedad como el Trastorno ObsesivoCompulsivo (TOC) se ocupan como algunos de los trastornos mentales más comunes. En Paraguay se ha estudiado a ambos trastornos de manera individual, más no así en correlación. OBJETIVO: determinar la correlación de las dimensiones del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo con los factores de ansiedad de estudiantes universitarios de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción en el año 2019. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio cuantitativo, diseño correlacional - descriptivo, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia en cadena, desde abril hasta mayo del 2019, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (sede Sajonia). Universo conformado por N=450 estudiantes y muestra necesaria de n=201. Se aplicó el Inventario Obsesivo Compulsivo -Revisado (OCI-R) y el Inventario De Ansiedad Estado -Rasgo (STAIC). RESULTADOS: se analizaron 208 encuestas,. donde se pudo determinar una Edad media de 20,875±1,76 años; la mayoría de los encuestados corresponden al sexo femenino. Se encontró una correlación (r=0,431) significativa (p<0,05) entre el TOC y ansiedad de estudiantes de medicina. CONCLUSIÓN: en la presente investigación se determinó una correlación positiva para las dimensiones del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y los factores de la ansiedad; se indica que el aumento cuantitativo en el puntaje de dichas dimensiones se acompaña con un aumento en los factores de la ansiedad.


BACKGROUND: in Latin America and the Caribbean, both anxiety disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are among the most common mental disorders. In Paraguay, both disorders have been studied, but not in correlation. OBJECTIVE: to determine the correlation of the dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder with anxiety factors in undergraduate medical students of the National University of Asuncion in 2019. METHODS: quantitative study, correlational-descriptive design, non-probabilistic chain convenience sampling, from April to May 2019, at the Faculty of Medical Sciences (Saxony campus). Universe made up of N=450 students and necessary sample of n=201. The Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R) and the StateTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAIC) were applied. RESULTS: 208 surveys were analyzed. Mean age was 20.875±1.76 years. The majority of respondents were female. A significant correlation (r=0.431) (p<0.05) was found between OCD and Anxiety in medical students. CONCLUSION: in the present investigation a positive correlation was determined for the dimensions of obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety factors; it is indicated that the quantitative increase in the score of these dimensions is accompanied by an increase in anxiety factors.


Assuntos
Feminino , Adulto , Ansiedade , Estudantes , Transtornos Mentais , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo
11.
Salud ment ; 45(3): 135-143, May.-Jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395097

RESUMO

Abstract Background Current medical literature suggests a symptomatic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which makes understanding their impact on the treatment process a challenging undertaking. Objective The key aim of this work was to deliver a comprehensive overview of empirical and observational studies concerning the overlap between both psychopathologies. Method Two independent authors searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases between April and July 2020 utilizing relevant MeSH terms. Subsequently, a systematic scoping review was undertaken according to the PRISMA-ScR Statement to identify all relevant publications concerning the overlap of OCD and PTSD symptomatology. We included peer reviewed studies published in any language that contributed quantitative or qualitative data that addressed the relationship between OCD and PTSD symptoms as the main aim or outcome of the study. Non-peer-reviewed articles, studies that did not address this phenomenon of interest, and gray literature documents were excluded. This review was not registered into the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, since, according to the National Institute of Health Research, scoping reviews are ineligible for registration into PROSPERO. Results Twenty-five relevant studies were included (11 cross-sectional studies, 5 longitudinal-prospective studies, 4 case series, 4 case studies and 1 retrospective study). We did not conduct any statistical analysis due to the diversity of the included studies, thus proceeding to realize a thematic synthesis of the obtained data. Discussion and conclusion A symptomatic overlap exists between both comorbidities in some clinical populations, and this relationship may hamper treatment outcomes.


Resumen Antecedentes La literatura médica sugiere la existencia de una superposición sintomática entre el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) y el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC), situación que puede comprometer el tratamiento de esta población clínica. Objetivo El objetivo clave de este trabajo consiste en ofrecer una visión general de estudios empíricos y observacionales sobre la superposición entre ambas psicopatologías. Método Dos autores independientes buscaron en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO y Web of Science entre abril y julio de 2020 utilizando DeCS relevantes. Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria de acuerdo con la Declaración PRISMA-ScR para identificar todas las publicaciones relevantes sobre esta superposición sintomática. Se incluyeron estudios revisados por pares publicados en cualquier idioma que aportaron datos cuantitativos o cualitativos, que abordaron la relación entre los síntomas de TOC y TEPT. Se excluyeron los artículos no revisados por pares, aquellos que no abordaron este fenómeno de interés y la literatura gris. Esta revisión no se registró en el Registro Prospectivo Internacional de Revisiones Sistemáticas, ya que acorde al Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud, las revisiones sistemáticas exploratorias no son elegibles para su registro en PROSPERO. Resultados Se incluyeron 25 estudios relevantes (11 estudios transversales, 5 estudios longitudinales-prospectivos, 4 series de casos, 4 estudios de casos y 1 estudio retrospectivo). No se realizó ningún análisis estadístico debido a la diversidad de los estudios incluidos, por lo que se procedió a realizar una síntesis temática. Discusión y conclusión Existe una superposición sintomática entre ambas comorbilidades y esta relación puede obstaculizar el tratamiento.

12.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1411974

RESUMO

La terapia cognitivo conductual (TCC), es el tratamiento de elección para el trastorno obsesivo compulsivo (TOC), principalmente la exposición con prevención de respuesta (EPR). En pacientes que presentan TOC co-ocurrente con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se cree que la TCC tendría un menor efecto debido al empobrecimiento de la comprensión de las propias emociones y de la rigidez cognitiva de estos pacientes. A través de la siguiente revisión se busca evaluar la efectividad de la TCC en pacientes que tengan TOC en asociación a TEA en niños, adolescentes y adultos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos, de los últimos 10 años, que abordasen la efectividad de la TCC en niños, adolescentes o adultos con TOC y TEA en conjunto. Resultados: A pesar de que no todos los estudios concuerdan en sus resultados, la mayoría de éstos, indican que hay efectividad en la TCC en disminuir la sintomatología del TOC en pacientes con TEA co-ocurrente tanto en niños como en adolescentes y adultos. Existen terapias de TCC con ciertas adaptaciones que mejorarían los resultados de estos pacientes al personalizar su tratamiento, por lo que se incentiva al mayor desarrollo de este tipo de terapias. Conclusión: Los estudios revisados respaldan que a pesar de la rigidez que presentan los pacientes con TEA co-ocurrente, la TCC es efectiva para tratar TOC en niños, adolescentes y adultos, especialmente al realizar adaptaciones de esta.


The treatment of choice for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mainly exposure with response prevention (ERP). In patients with OCD co-occurring with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is believed that CBT should have a lesser effect due to the impoverishment of the understanding of their own emotions and the cognitive rigidity of these patients. The following review seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of CBT in patients who have OCD in association with ASD in children, adolescents and adults. Methods: A search was carried out for articles, from the last 10 years, that addressed the effectiveness of CBT in children, adolescents or adults with OCD and ASD together. Results: Although not all studies agree on their results, most of these indicate that CBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms in patients with co-occurring ASD in children, adolescents and adults. There are CBT therapies with certain adaptations that would improve the results of these patients by personalizing their treatment, which is why the further development of this type of therapy is encouraged. Conclusion: The reviewed studies support that despite the rigidity that patients with co-occurring ASD present, CBT is effective to treat OCD in children, adolescents and adults, especially when making adaptations to it.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/terapia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/complicações
13.
Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 41(3): 184-186, jul.-sep. 2021. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357344

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Ingestion of foreign bodies is a relative common situation in the emergency department; however, ingestion of toothbrush is rarely reported in the literature. We present the case of a 27-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, who presented to the emergency department 17 hours after an ingestion of a toothbrush. We performed an endoscopic removal using a polypectomy snare in the Gastroenterology Department under moderate sedation. No complications were reported in the procedure and the patient was discharged few hours later. Ingestion of toothbrush is rare in the literature and some authors described techniques using overtube and retractable snares and forceps. Endoscopic removal of a toothbrush under moderate sedation can be a safe and successful procedure. However, if endoscopic removal fails, surgery should be performed.


RESUMEN La ingestión de cuerpos extraños es una situación relativamente común en el departamento de emergencias; sin embargo, la ingestión de cepillo de dientes rara vez se informa en la literatura. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 27 años con diagnóstico previo de trastorno obsesivo compulsivo, que acudió al servicio de urgencias 17 horas después de la ingestión de un cepillo de dientes. Realizamos una extirpación endoscópica usando un asa de polipectomía en el Servicio de Gastroenterología bajo sedación moderada. No se reportaron complicaciones en el procedimiento y el paciente fue dado de alta pocas horas después. La ingestión de cepillo de dientes es rara en la literatura y algunos autores describen técnicas que utilizan sobretubo y asas y fórceps retráctiles. La extracción endoscópica de un cepillo de dientes bajo sedación moderada puede ser un procedimiento seguro y exitoso. Sin embargo, si la extracción endoscópica falla, se debe realizar una cirugía.

14.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 2021 Jun 02.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34090719

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Theory of mind (ToM) is the human ability to perceive, interpret, and attribute the mental states of other people, and the alteration of this cognitive function is a core symptom of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). In such other neurodevelopmental disorders as childhood-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS) that can present with cognitive dysfunctions, ToM has been less extensively studied, especially in the young population. The aim of the study was to compare advanced ToM between groups of young people diagnosed with OCD, TS, or ASD and a control group. METHODS: Clinical interviews were conducted with male patients aged between 11 and 17 years with a main diagnosis of OCD (n=19), TS (n=14), or ASD (n=18), and a control group (n=20). We administered instruments for estimating intelligence quotient and severity of psychiatric symptoms, and tasks to evaluate ToM (the "Stories from everyday life" task and the "Reading the mind in the eyes" test). RESULTS: Young people with TS and with ASD present similar difficulties in solving advanced ToM tasks, whereas patients with childhood-onset OCD present similar results to controls. CONCLUSIONS: ToM is altered in other neurodevelopmental disorders beyond ASD, such as TS.

15.
Ansiedad estrés ; 27(1): 7-14, Ene-Jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215099

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivos: Las intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness podrían ser tan útiles para el Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC), con igual o mejores resultados que los tratamientos actuales. El objetivo es revisar la investigación reciente sobre la eficacia y aplicabilidad de una Intervención Basada en Mindfulness (IBM) para el tratamiento del TOC. Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron 13 estudios (2008-2020), de las bases PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL y PSICODOC. Resultados: Siete estudios obtuvieron una mejora de síntomas en comparación con el grupo control, pero tan solo en 3 dicho cambio se relacionaba con diferencias en Mindfulness. Se hace un análisis de los problemas metodológicos y del estado de la investigación sobre los procesos activados por Mindfulness. Conclusiones: Los resultados no indican superioridad de una IBM. No obstante, existen multitud de razones metodológicas y teóricas por las que estos hallazgos deben ser tomados con cautela y se necesita más investigación.(AU)


Introduction and Objectives: Mindfulness-based interventions might be equally helpful for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), with equal or better results than standard treatments. A systematic review is conducted to assess the efficacy and applicability of a Mindfulness Intervention for OCD symptoms. Materials and Method: Thirteen studies (2008-2020) were selected, from the bases PsycINFO, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Knowledge, CINAHL and PSICODOC. Results: Seven studies obtained an improvement in symptoms compared to the control group, but only in 3 was this change related to differences in Mindfulness. Conclusions: The amount of methodological problems and the Mindfulness research premature state makes the exhibited results as inconclusive. Better methodological and clinical standards are necessary for future research, which include better methodological and clinical standards, is necessary.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Plena , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Cognição , Terapêutica , Estresse Psicológico , Ansiedade , Estudos de Casos e Controles
16.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34049684

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Since 1980, there have been known cases of childhood neuropsychiatric syndromes in the world and its concept has evolved with changes in the definitions in 1995 (PITANDs - paediatric infection-triggered autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders), 1998 (PANDAS - paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with streptococci infection), 2010 (PANS - paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome) and 2012 (CANS - childhood acute neuropsychiatric syndrome). Despite being known for more than 20 years, it is still an illness that often goes unnoticed by many health professionals. OBJECTIVE: To sensitise the medical community about the identification of the disease and reduce the morbidity associated with a late diagnosis. CLINICAL CASE: A 6-year-old schoolgirl brought to the emergency department due to her refusal to eat. In the hospital treatment, a clinical history was identified with PANS-PANDAS diagnostic criteria. She exhibited a relapsing-remitting clinical course, as described in the literature, with poor response to first-line treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In all school-age child presenting with obsessive compulsive disorder or eating disorders, with other symptoms or not, a possible link to PANS-CANS should be evaluated and ruled out.

17.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 21(2): 1-9, may.-ag. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-211238

RESUMO

Background/Objective: The main aim of this study was to compare coping strategies in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and a healthy control group during COVID-19 lockdown and to analyze the relationship with some variables which may influence results (depression, anxiety, comorbidity, subtype of obsession-compulsion). Method: There were 237 participants, 122 OCD and 115 healthy controls, aged 17-61 years old (M = 33.48, SD = 11.13). Results: Groups showed differences in the use of some adaptive strategies (positive reinterpretation, acceptance, humor) and maladaptive (denial, self-blame). Within obsessive-compulsive group, comorbidity affected the greater use of inappropriate strategies (denial, substance abuse and self-blame) while type of obsession-compulsion did not influence use. Anxiety and depression levels were related to the use of less adaptive strategies. Conclusions: These findings strengthen the need for training in the use of effective and adaptive coping strategies, making it necessary to improve clinical follow-up of these patients. It is relevant to be in contact with healthcare professionals, review medication and observe the anxiety and depression levels. (AU)


Antecedentes/Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por pacientes con Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) durante el confinamiento debido a la COVID-19 frente a controles sanos y analizar su relación con algunas variables que pueden influir en los resultados (ansiedad, depresión, comorbilidad, tipo de obsesiones-compulsiones). Método: Los participantes fueron 237, 122 diagnosticados de Trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo y 115 controles sanos, con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 58 años (M = 34,60, DT = 10,41). Resultados: Los grupos presentaron diferencias en el uso de algunas estrategias adaptativas (reinterpretación positiva, aceptación, humor) y desadaptativas (negación, autoculpa). Dentro del grupo TOC, la comorbilidad afectó para el mayor uso de estrategias inadecuadas (negación, abuso de sustancias y autoculpa), mientras que el tipo de obsesiones-compulsiones no influyó en el uso de las mismas. Los niveles de ansiedad y depresión estaban relacionadas con el uso de estrategias menos adaptativas. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de entrenar en la utilización de estrategias de afrontamiento eficaces y adaptativas, siendo necesario mejorar el seguimiento clínico de estos pacientes. Es importante estar en contacto con profesionales de la salud, revisar la medicación y observar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo , Ansiedade , Depressão , Inquéritos e Questionários
18.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) ; 49(4): 279-288, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33328021

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Covid-19 pandemic has generated an unprecedented multimodal (health, occupational, economic, and social crisis, which will impact developing countries. Confinement as a preventive measure is itself a threat that produces a social impact. Pandemic and confinement have become a psychosocial adversity factor that affects families and their children. During the pandemic, children and adolescents with a psychiatric disorder may experience exacerbation of their symptoms. However, little is known about this, since studies on this population during the pandemic are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To review the data available in the current literature on the effect of the pandemic on children and adolescents with a previous psychiatric disorder. METHODS: A literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scielo and, due to the exceptional conditions of the pandemic situation, directly using internet search engines. Both English and Spanish papers were included. RESULTS: The information found is presented in the following sections: family and children during the pandemic, evaluation of mental disorders in children and young people during the pandemic, pre-existing psychiatric disorders during the pandemic, and telepsychiatric care. Specific information is presented on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The current pandemic due to COVID-19 and confinement are a psychosocial adversity that threatens the stability of the family. Such a stressor can cause exacerbation of symptoms of a previous mental disorder. Children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders are a vulnerable population and require specialised care. Telepsychiatry is becoming a modality with multiple advantages.


Assuntos
COVID-19/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Quarentena/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Países em Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/fisiopatologia
19.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) ; 49(4): 301-304, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33328025

RESUMO

We describe a case of craving for menthol sweets in a 53-year-old woman with excessive consumption of menthol sweets (100 units/day). She was admitted with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, anxiety associated with onychophagia and pinching of the skin. Organic disorders were ruled out with paraclinical tests and in-hospital treatment was administered. At discharge, the patient's condition was stable, but because of exacerbated pain due to the rheumatological disease, she presented depressive symptoms, requiring her medication to be adjusted. CONCLUSIONS: The "food craving" and anxiety present pathophysiological similarities. Mints have different mechanisms or ways in which they can counteract or control these symptoms, including an increase in serotonin, binding to GABA-A receptors and stimulation of the nicotinic receptor in nerve cells.


Assuntos
Doces , Fissura , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Mentol , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/diagnóstico , Artrite Reumatoide/complicações , Artrite Reumatoide/psicologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/complicações , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hábito de Roer Unhas/psicologia , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/psicologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/complicações , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia
20.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 49(4)dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536093

RESUMO

Se describe un caso de craving por dulces mentolados, una paciente de 53 arios con cuadro de consumo excesivo de dulces mentolados (100 unidades/día). Ingresó con el antecedente de artritis reumatoide, con obesidad, en estado de ansiedad asociado con onicofagia y pellizcos de la piel. Se descartó la organicidad mediante paraclínicos y se le dio asistencia hospitalaria. Al alta, la paciente estaba estable; sin embargo, por progresión del dolor por la enfermedad reumática, ha sufrido síntomas depresivos, por lo que ha requerido ajuste de la medicación. Conclusiones: El food craving y la ansiedad presentan similitudes fisiopatológicas. Las mentas tienen distintos mecanismos o modos en que pueden contrarrestar o controlar estos síntomas, entre los que está el aumento de serotonina, la unión a receptores GABA-A y la estimulación del receptor nicotínico en las células nerviosas.


We describe a case of craving for menthol sweets in a 53-year-old woman with excessive consumption of menthol sweets (100 units/day). She was admitted with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, anxiety associated with onychophagia and pinching of the skin. Organic disorders were ruled out with paraclinical tests and in-hospital treatment was administered. At discharge, the patient's condition was stable, but because of exacerbated pain due to the rheumatological disease, she presented depressive symptoms, requiring her medication to be adjusted. Conclusions: The "food craving" and anxiety present pathophysiological similarities. Mints have different mechanisms or ways in which they can counteract or control these symptoms, including an increase in serotonin, binding to GABA-A receptors and stimulation of the nicotinic receptor in nerve cells.

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