Ultrasonography of the neotropical primate female reproductive system.

The Neotropical (e. g., Aotus sp., Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus sp., Saimiri sp., and Sapajus sp.) primates are important models for biomedical research and studies on reproductive physiology and biotechnology. Consequently, studies about gynecological and obstetric ultrasonography are crucial. B-mode ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides real-time bidimensional or three-dimensional/four-dimensional B-mode images. In association with Doppler ultrasonography, B-mode ultrasonography can also be used to monitor the mammalian blood flow to the reproductive tract during important events such as ovulation and gestation. Thus, gynecological and obstetric ultrasonography is essential for establishing the female reproductive anatomical and physiological ovarian and uterine health status, gestational diagnosis, and fetal growth monitoring. For instance, the paper presents and discusses the state-of-the-art gynecological and obstetric ultrasonography in the Neotropical primates, species that are models for biomedical research, and some recent studies on species targets for conservation strategies for wild animal populations.

Whole-body vibration on leg muscles thermography and femoral resistive index of in adult healthy dogs.

This study aimed to assess the influence of WBV exercise on muscles by means of infrared thermography and on resistive index (RI) of the femoral artery. The hypothesis was that WBV exercise protocol will induce increase of the muscle activity detected through skin surface temperature change and decreased of RI with WBV exercise. Ten adult healthy medium dogs, were submitted to WBV session. Thermographic images were taken from regions of biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles. Triplex Doppler was used to assess RI of the femoral artery. Exams were performed before and immediately after WBV exercise sessions for five days, and RI of the femoral artery was evaluated 24 h after the last WBV session. There were no statistically significant differences between thermographic temperatures of regions of biceps femoris muscle and vastus lateralis muscle before and immediately after the WBV sessions. Significant differences were observed between the mean RI values before WBV sessions between day 1 and day 3, day 3 and day 5, and before and immediately after session on day 3; between before and immediately after session on day 2, day 3, day 4 and day 5; between before session between day 2 and day 6, day 3 and day 6, day 5 and day 6; and before and immediately after session on day 5. The WBV exercises during five uninterrupted days in adult healthy dogs do not alter significantly the skin temperatures over regions of biceps femoris and vastus lateralis muscles, and increase the femoral RI.

An evaluation of thyrotoxic autoimmune thyroiditis patients with triplex Doppler ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the usefulness of blood flow parameters obtained from STA and CCA with Triplex Doppler ultrasonography (TDU) on patients with thyrotoxicosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included consecutive 24 patients with thyrotoxicosis and 18 healthy controls. The thyroid gland blood flow parameters were evaluated with TDU. RESULTS: The thyroid volumes and FT3, TRAb, 4-h and 24-h radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) levels of Group 1 were significantly high compared to those of Group 2. The thyroid volumes and FT3, FT4 and TSH levels of both Group 1 and Group 2 showed a statistically significant difference compared to Group 3. STA-PSV values for Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were 138 cm/s, 54 cm/s and 37 cm/s, respectively. STA-EDV values for these groups were 60 cm/s, 25 cm/s and 15 cm/s, respectively. PSVR values for these groups were 1.01, 0.45, 0.34 cm/s, respectively. EDVR values for these groups were 1.29, 0.70 and 0.49 cm/s, respectively. In Group 1, STA-PSV, STA-EDV, PSVR and EDVR values were significantly high compared to those of Group 2. RAIU levels showed a significant positive correlation with the STA-PSV, STA-EDV and PSVR. CONCLUSION: The thyroid gland blood flow parameters may be used in clinical diagnosis of patients with thyrotoxicosis.

Contribution of ocular B-mode and triplex Doppler in the evaluation of 10 Poodle dogs with cataracts / Contribuição diagnóstica da ultrassonografia ocular e Doppler Triplex na avaliação de 10 cães Poodle com catarata

The findings of b-mode and especially triplex Doppler ocular ultrasound in the evaluation of 10 Poodle dogs with cataracts, which bring a contribution not yet reported in veterinary medicine, were reported. Ten Poodle dogs of varied ages and presenting cataracts were used. All animals were evaluated for ophthalmic and ultrasound examination. The ultrasound examination allowed the evaluation of the sonographic anatomy of the eye and measurement of the axial thickness of the lens (ATL). Using the Doppler mode, the blood flow of the ophthalmic artery and its vascular indexes, systolic velocity (SV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) were measured. Values found for ATL were 5.89±1.05 for the right eye (OD) and 6.07±1.32 for the left eye (OS). Values found using Doppler evaluation were SV OD: 26.54±7.05 and SV OS: 29.21±11.18; PI OD: 1.89±0.61 and PI OS: 1.7±0.35; RI OD: 0.76±0.1 and RI OS: 0.72±0.09 (OS). It was concluded that triplex Doppler was important for the determination of vascular indexes of the ophthalmic artery, which can be used for monitoring animals with hemodynamic alterations of the eyes and monitoring the therapy of ocular diseases.

Descreveram-se os achados da ultrassonografia ocular convencional e, principalmente, do modo Doppler Triplex na avaliação de 10 cães da raça Poodle com catarata, contribuindo com parâmetros ainda não relatados em medicina veterinária. Foram utilizados 10 cães de diferentes idades e da raça Poodle, apresentando graus variados de catarata. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico e ultrassonográfico. Por meio da ultrassonografia avaliaram-se a anatomia ultrassonográfica dos bulbos oculares e a espessura axial da lente (EAL). Por meio do modo Doppler verificaram-se o tipo de fluxo sanguíneo da artéria oftálmica e seus índices vasculares, a velocidade sistólica (VS), o índice de resistência (RI) e a pulsatividade (PI). Os valores de EAL para olho direito (OD) foi de 5,89±1,05 e para o olho esquerdo (OE) de 6,07±1,32. Por meio do Doppler, observaram-se VS para OD de 26,54±7,05 e VS para OE de 29,21±11,18; PI para OD de 1,89±0,61 e PI para OE de 1,7±0,35; RI para OD de 0,76±0,1 e PI para OE de 0,72±0,09. Concluiu-se que o modo Doppler Triplex mostrou-se importante para determinação das medidas dos índices vasculares da artéria oftálmica, podendo ser utilizada para o acompanhamento de alterações hemodinâmicas nos olhos dos animais acometidos e no acompanhamento da terapia de doenças oculares.