RESUMO
We report here the prevalence of the tst-1 gene among 252 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates and 458 methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) isolates collected from 531 subjects between 2008 and 2017, one of which was recovered from a child with MRSA toxic shock syndrome. tst-1 was encoded by 43 (6%) S aureus isolates overall: 42 (16.7%) MSSA isolates and 1 (0.2%) MRSA isolate (P < .001).
Assuntos
Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Enterotoxinas/genética , Choque Séptico/epidemiologia , Choque Séptico/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Superantígenos/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: To determine the virulence and antimicrobial resistant genes in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from patients attending two rural health centers in Trinidad and Tobago. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational analysis of patients from two local health centers located in communities in northern region of the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal and wound swabs from 300 patients were analyzed using standard and molecular techniques. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to detect 16S rRNA, mec A, Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette SCC mec types, pvl, alpha hemolysin (hla), and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (tst 1) genes. S. aureus ATCC 33591 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 were used for quality control, respectively. RESULTS: Over a quarter (26.7%, 80/300) of the surveyed patient's samples grew bacterial isolates of which 45% (36/80) were S. aureus and 44.4% (16/36) were mecA-positive. Majority (62.5%, 10/16) possessed the pvl gene, whereas 25% (4/16) possessed the alpha hemolysin (hla) gene. None of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates possessed the tst 1 gene. Also, 18.8% (3/16) isolates possessed both virulence genes, pvl and hla. Although the SCCmec types IV and V were detected, but none of the SCCmec I, II, and III were harbored by the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: SCCmec type IV and the pvl genes were common among the MRSA isolates from the community. The hla gene was found infrequently, but none of the isolates possessed the tst 1 gene. Knowledge of this is important for robust surveillance of such cases from the community in the country.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Enterotoxinas/genética , Exotoxinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Leucocidinas/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Meticilina/farmacologia , Nariz/microbiologia , Superantígenos/genética , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 16S , População Rural , Staphylococcus aureus , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
Avaliou-se a presença do gene (tst-1) para Toxina da Síndrome do Choque Tóxico-1 (TSST-1), utilizando-se a técnica de Reaçãoem Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em um total de 264 Staphylococcus spp. isolados de leite. Desses, 221 eram Staphylococcusaureus, 33 Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (SCN) e 10 Staphylococcus coagulase positivo (SCP). As amostras eram oriundasde vacas com mastite (n=96) e de leite cru refrigerado (n=168), coletadas de 46 e 22 propriedades, respectivamente. As amostrasforam coletadas de rebanhos localizados em diferentes regiões dos Estados de Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. Observou-seproduto de amplificação (250 pares de base-pb) na reação de PCR para tst-1 em sete amostras (2,6%), sendo todas as estirpesidentificadas como Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de leite cru refrigerado. Embora a detecção do gene não indique a produçãoda toxina, o monitoramento de estirpes bacterianas potencialmente produtoras torna-se importante como forma de realizar umlevantamento epidemiológico e controle dos rebanhos leiteiros brasileiros, uma vez que esse gene está associado aos elementosgenéticos móveis, representando um risco à possível transferência horizontal de genes para outras bactérias. Além disso, a presençadesses genes tem sido associada à presença de genes para enterotoxinas estafilocócicas, o que pode implicar o aumento dapatogenicidade dos isolados bacterianos e um potencial risco à saúde pública.
Was evaluated the presence of the gene (tst -1) for toxic shock syndrome toxin - 1 (TSST -1), using the technique of PolymeraseChain Reaction (PCR) on a total of 264 Staphylococcus spp. isolated from milk. Of these, 221 were Staphylococcus aureus, 33Staphylococcus coagulase negative (SCN) and 10 Staphylococcus coagulase positive (SCP). The samples were from cows withmastitis (n=96) and refrigerated raw milk (n=168), collected from 46 and 22 dairy herds, respectively. Samples were collectedfrom herds located in different regions of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro States. Was observed PCR amplification of the tst-1gene (250 base pairs-bp) in seven (2.6 %) samples, and all strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from refrigerated raw milk.Although its detection in isolated does not mean that it will be expressed, monitoring of bacterial strains producing potentiallybecomes important as performing an epidemiological survey and control of Brazilian dairy herds, since this gene is associatedwith mobile genetic elements, representing a risk to possible horizontal gene transfer to other bacteria. Furthermore, the presenceof these genes have been associated with the presence of genes for enterotoxins, which may result in increased pathogenicity ofthe isolates and a potential risk to public health.
