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1.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 19(8): 455-462, oct. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225847

RESUMO

Las enfermedades difusas del tejido conectivo con frecuencia desarrollan enfermedad pulmonar intersticial, lo que conlleva peor pronóstico y acorta la supervivencia. La tomografía axial computarizada de alta resolución es la prueba diagnóstica de elección, ya que esta es muy competitiva con la histopatología; sin embargo, el costo y la radiación pueden limitar su empleo, particularmente como escrutinio. El ultrasonido pulmonar, estudio rápido, de acceso fácil, reproducible y de menor costo, resulta muy atractivo para determinar la existencia de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial. Adicionalmente, se requiere de poca experiencia para determinar las alteraciones correlacionables con estos padecimientos pulmonares. Las líneas B y las irregularidades pleurales conforman el denominado síndrome intersticial ultrasonográfico, aunque debemos tener en mente que no es específico y estamos obligados a considerar anormalidades hemodinámicas, cardiovasculares e infecciosas. En esta revisión, exponemos la alta prevalencia de esta enfermedad pulmonar en los principales padecimientos reumatológicos, con énfasis en la utilidad del ultrasonido pulmonar, su facilidad de realización y alto desempeño diagnóstico. (AU)


Patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases frequently develop interstitial lung disease, which carries a worse prognosis and shortens survival. High-resolution computed tomography is the first-choice test, and is competitive with histopathology, however, the cost and radiation may limit its use, particularly for screening. Lung ultrasound is a rapid, accessible, reproducible, and inexpensive study that is useful for diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Furthermore, extensive training is not required to identify the alterations associated with these lung diseases. B lines and pleural irregularities compose the ultrasonographic interstitial syndrome, although it must be kept in mind that it is not specific, and it is necessary to rule out haemodynamic, cardiovascular, and infectious abnormalities. This review highlights the elevated prevalence of this lung condition in the main rheumatological diseases, with emphasis on the usefulness of pulmonary ultrasound. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/epidemiologia , Ultrassom , Tomografia , Doenças do Tecido Conjuntivo
2.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 19(8): 455-462, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37164882

RESUMO

Patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases frequently develop interstitial lung disease, which carries a worse prognosis and shortens survival. High-resolution computed tomography is the first-choice test, and is competitive with histopathology, however, the cost and radiation may limit its use, particularly for screening. Lung ultrasound is a rapid, accessible, reproducible, and inexpensive study that is useful for diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Furthermore, extensive training is not required to identify the alterations associated with these lung diseases. B lines and pleural irregularities compose the ultrasonographic interstitial syndrome, although, it must be kept in mind that it is not specific, and it is necessary to rule out haemodynamic, cardiovascular, and infectious abnormalities. This review highlights the elevated prevalence of this lung condition in the main rheumatological diseases, with emphasis on the usefulness of pulmonary ultrasound.

3.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 159(11): 509-514, diciembre 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-213491

RESUMO

Background: To evaluate the value of the pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in emergency departments (EDs).Materials and methodsBetween January 2018 and December 2019, patients admitted to the ED of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital for suspected AECOPD were prospectively included in this study. Pulmonary ultrasound was performed using a linear transducer. The pulmonary ultrasound findings were evaluated for further discrimination for patients with AECOPD. Then, the diagnostic performance of pulmonary ultrasound was estimated and calculated. The clinical characteristics between groups with and without pneumonia were compared.ResultsA total of 53 patients with AECOPD were included in the final analysis. For diagnosis of AECOPD due to pneumonia, ultrasound findings, such as consolidation, slightly rough pleural line, or irregular and interrupted pleural line had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 86.7%. For diagnosis of AECOPD complicating pulmonary fibrosis, fringed pleural line had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.5%. In addition, patients with pleural effusion (n=19) or pneumothorax (n=1) were correctly identified and wavy or bulging pleural lines were common in patients with AECOPD (58.5%, 31/53).ConclusionUltrasound findings could offer further discrimination for AECOPD complications and other pathological conditions, such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax in EDs. (AU)


Fundamento: Los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) a menudo acuden al servicio de urgencias por una exacerbación de su enfermedad que requiere una actuación inmediata. Por consiguiente, es fundamental llevar a cabo un diagnóstico rápido de su proceso crónico. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el valor de la ecografía pulmonar en el diagnóstico de exacerbación aguda de la EPOC (EAEPOC) en el servicio de urgencias.Materiales y métodosDe enero de 2018 a diciembre de 2019 se incluyeron prospectivamente pacientes sospechosos de EAEPOC en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital popular de Shanxi. Se utilizó un transductor lineal para llevar a cabo la ecografía pulmonar. Los resultados de la ecografía pulmonar se utilizaron para diferenciar a los pacientes con EAEPOC y se evaluó el rendimiento diagnóstico de esta técnica. Se compararon las características clínicas del grupo con neumonía con las del grupo sin neumonía.ResultadosUn total de 53 pacientes con EPOC fueron incluidos en el análisis final. Para el diagnóstico de EAEPOC causada por neumonía la sensibilidad y especificidad de la ecografía fueron 92,3% y 86,7%, respectivamente. La sensibilidad y especificidad de la línea pleural marginal en el diagnóstico de EAEPOC con fibrosis pulmonar fueron del 100% y 97,5%. Además, los pacientes con derrame pleural (n=19) o neumotórax (n=1) fueron identificados correctamente, y las líneas pleurales onduladas o elevadas fueron frecuentes en los pacientes con EAEPOC (58,5%; 31/53).ConclusiónLa ecografía puede diferenciar las complicaciones de la EAEPOC de otras condiciones patológicas como neumonía, fibrosis pulmonar, derrame pleural y neumotórax. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença Aguda , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Derrame Pleural/etiologia , Pneumotórax/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibrose Pulmonar/complicações
4.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 159(11): 509-514, 2022 12 09.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35331547

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the value of the pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in emergency departments (EDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2018 and December 2019, patients admitted to the ED of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital for suspected AECOPD were prospectively included in this study. Pulmonary ultrasound was performed using a linear transducer. The pulmonary ultrasound findings were evaluated for further discrimination for patients with AECOPD. Then, the diagnostic performance of pulmonary ultrasound was estimated and calculated. The clinical characteristics between groups with and without pneumonia were compared. RESULTS: A total of 53 patients with AECOPD were included in the final analysis. For diagnosis of AECOPD due to pneumonia, ultrasound findings, such as consolidation, slightly rough pleural line, or irregular and interrupted pleural line had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 86.7%. For diagnosis of AECOPD complicating pulmonary fibrosis, fringed pleural line had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 97.5%. In addition, patients with pleural effusion (n=19) or pneumothorax (n=1) were correctly identified and wavy or bulging pleural lines were common in patients with AECOPD (58.5%, 31/53). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound findings could offer further discrimination for AECOPD complications and other pathological conditions, such as pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion, and pneumothorax in EDs.


Assuntos
Derrame Pleural , Pneumotórax , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Fibrose Pulmonar , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Fibrose Pulmonar/complicações , Pneumotórax/complicações , Progressão da Doença , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Derrame Pleural/diagnóstico por imagem , Derrame Pleural/etiologia , Doença Aguda
5.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 17(3): 144-149, Mar. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211819

RESUMO

Introducción: La enfermedad pulmonar intersticial (EPI) es una complicación común de la esclerosis sistémica (ES). El empleo de la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (TACAR) se ve muy limitado, y el ultrasonido pulmonar (USP) puede ser un instrumento alternativo para la evaluación de la EPI. Objetivo: Determinar la validez del USP en la detección temprana de la EPI en pacientes con ES. Métodos: Se incluyeron 68 pacientes con ES≥18 años sin síntomas respiratorios. Un reumatólogo valoró el estado respiratorio subclínico, otro reumatólogo, cegado a la evaluación clínica realizó el USP. Para determinar la validez concurrente se realizó una TACAR. Resultados: Un 41,2% de pacientes mostró EPI por USP, a diferencia de los controles sanos (4,8%) (p=0,0001). Las variables asociadas con los hallazgos de EPI al USP fueron anticuerpos anti-centrómero (p=0,005) y la puntuación de piel RSS (p=0,004). Se encontró una correlación positiva entre los hallazgos de EPI por USP y TACAR (p=0,001). La sensibilidad fue del 91,2% y la especificidad de 88,6%. Una buena confiabilidad entre observadores de los hallazgos por USP fue observada (k=0,72). Conclusiones: Al ser una herramienta alternativa válida, confiable y factible, consideramos que el USP puede ser implementado para la detección temprana de EPI en ES.(AU)


Introduction: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common comorbidity present in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Employment of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is very limited and lung ultrasound (LUS) can be an alternative tool for the early evaluation of ILD. Objective: To determine the validity of LUS in the early detection of ILD in patients with SSc.Methods: Sixty-eight patients with SSc ≥18 years without respiratory symptoms were included. A rheumatologist rated the subclinical respiratory condition, another rheumatologist blinded to the clinical assessment performed the LUS. To determine validity HRCT was performed as well. Results: Prevalence of ILD in SSc patients was 41.2% in contrast to the 4.8% healthy controls (P=.0001). Variables associated with LUS and HRCT findings were anti-centromere antibodies (P=.005) and the Rodnan skin score (P=.004). A positive correlation was present between the findings of HRCT and LUS (P=.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 91.2% and 88.6% respectively. Good reliability in the LUS findings was found between observers (k=.72). Conclusions: By proving to be a valid, trustworthy and feasible alternative tool, we consider that LUS can be implemented for the early detection of ILD in SSc.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Projetos Piloto , Ultrassom , Escleroderma Sistêmico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Evolução Clínica , Reumatologia , Doenças Reumáticas , Reumatologistas
6.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 17(3): 144-149, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31400981

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common comorbidity present in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Employment of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is very limited and lung ultrasound (LUS) can be an alternative tool for the early evaluation of ILD. OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of LUS in the early detection of ILD in patients with SSc. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients with SSc ≥18 years without respiratory symptoms were included. A rheumatologist rated the subclinical respiratory condition, another rheumatologist blinded to the clinical assessment performed the LUS. To determine validity HRCT was performed as well. RESULTS: Prevalence of ILD in SSc patients was 41.2% in contrast to the 4.8% healthy controls (P=.0001). Variables associated with LUS and HRCT findings were anti-centromere antibodies (P=.005) and the Rodnan skin score (P=.004). A positive correlation was present between the findings of HRCT and LUS (P=.001). Sensitivity and specificity were 91.2% and 88.6% respectively. Good reliability in the LUS findings was found between observers (k=.72). CONCLUSIONS: By proving to be a valid, trustworthy and feasible alternative tool, we consider that LUS can be implemented for the early detection of ILD in SSc.

7.
Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.) ; 34(4): 238-244, Jul.-Aug. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375832

RESUMO

Resumen: El surgimiento del nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 está desafiando seriamente a la comunidad médica en prácticamente todo el mundo. La neumonía causada por COVID-19 tiene características peculiares y puede estudiarse mediante ultrasonografía pulmonar. La ecografía permite identificar el comportamiento de la infección y su progresión al lado de la cama del paciente. La técnica ha evolucionado considerablemente en los últimos años en lo que respecta a sus aspectos teóricos y operativos. En consecuencia, su aplicación clínica ha llegado a ser suficientemente conocida y generalizada en el contexto del paciente críticamente enfermo. Sugerimos la identificación de cuatro patrones en el ultrasonido pulmonar, los cuales permiten una mejor caracterización de la enfermedad. Debido a la sobredemanda de los servicios de salud en la actualidad, el conocimiento y aplicación de la ecografía pulmonar resulta de gran relevancia. Esta revisión incluye un enfoque práctico y proporciona un resumen de la evidencia para el uso e interpretación del ultrasonido pulmonar.


Abstract: The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is seriously challenging the medical community virtually the entire world. Pneumonia in COVID-19 has peculiar characteristics and can be studied by lung ultrasound. The ultrasound allows identifying the behavior of the infection and its progression at the bedside of the patient. The technique has evolved considerably in recent years in terms of its theoretical and operational aspects. Consequently, its clinical application has become sufficiently known and generalized in the context of the critically ill patient. We suggest the identification of 4 patterns on lung ultrasound which allow a better characterization of the disease. Due to the current demand for health services, the knowledge and application of lung ultrasound is highly relevant. This review includes a pragmatic approach and provides a summary of the evidence for the use and interpretation of lung ultrasound.


Resumo: O surgimento do novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 está desafiando seriamente a comunidade médica em praticamente todo o mundo. A pneumonia no COVID-19 tem características peculiares e pode ser estudada por ultrassom pulmonar. A ultrassonografia permite identificar o comportamento da infecção e sua progressão na beira do leito do paciente. A técnica evoluiu consideravelmente nos últimos anos em relação aos seus aspectos teóricos e operacionais. Consequentemente, sua aplicação clínica tornou-se suficientemente conhecida e generalizada no contexto do paciente crítico. Sugerimos a identificação de quatro padrões na ultrassonografia pulmonar, o que permite uma melhor caracterização da doença. Devido à demanda atual por serviços de saúde, o conhecimento e a aplicação da ultrassonografia pulmonar são altamente relevantes. Esta revisão inclui uma abordagem prática e fornece um resumo das evidências para o uso e a interpretação do ultrassom pulmonar.

8.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 63(2): 36-45, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155395

RESUMO

Resumen: El ultrasonido pulmonar ha tomado protagonismo en la evaluación de los órganos torácicos y su patología. Es de gran utilidad en la evaluación del paciente hospitalizado o de urgencias para monitoreo de evolución o diagnóstico rápido, así como guía de procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Sus múltiples ventajas han desplazado a otros estudios de gabinete, ya que puede evitar el traslado de pacientes, es inocuo, accesible y rápido. En este artículo revisaremos conceptos básicos de ultrasonografía pulmonar y su uso en el diagnóstico en patologías.


Abstract: Lung ultrasound has become increasingly important in the evaluation of the thorax and its pathologies. It has proved to be very useful in the evaluation of hospitalized patients, allowing doctors to evaluate and make quick decisions, as well as providing guidance for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Ultrasound has many advantages over other studies since it can avoid transferring patients, and it is harmless, accessible and fast. In this article we will review basic concepts of lung ultrasound and its use in the diagnosis of pathologies.

9.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 90(1): 48-55, Jan.-Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131005

RESUMO

Abstract One-third of the population in intensive care units is in a state of circulatory shock, whose rapid recognition and mechanism differentiation are of great importance. The clinical context and physical examination are of great value, but in complex situations as in cardiac care units, it is mandatory the use of advanced hemodynamic monitorization devices, both to determine the main mechanism of shock, as to decide management and guide response to treatment, these devices include pulmonary flotation catheter as the gold standard, as well as more recent techniques including echocardiography and pulmonary ultrasound, among others. This article emphasizes the different shock mechanisms observed in the cardiac care units, with a proposal for approach and treatment.


Resumen Un tercio de la población de pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos se encuentran en choque circulatorio, el identificarlo y determinar su mecanismo de manera rápida y eficaz es de gran importancia. El contexto clínico y el examen físico son de gran utilidad, sin embargo existen situaciones de alta complejidad en las que se requiere del uso de las distintas modalidades de monitorización hemodinámica avanzada, tanto para determinar la causa, como para decidir el manejo y guiar respuesta al tratamiento, incluyendo el catéter de flotación pulmonar como gold standard, así como técnicas más recientes incluyendo ecocardiografía y ultrasonido pulmonar, entre otros. Este artículo enfatiza los distintos mecanismos de choque observados en las unidades de cuidados cardiacos, con propuesta de abordaje y tratamiento.


Assuntos
Humanos , Choque/fisiopatologia , Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Choque/terapia , Choque Cardiogênico/fisiopatologia , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Ultrassonografia/métodos
10.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 90(1): 47-54, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31996854

RESUMO

One-third of the population in intensive care units is in a state of circulatory shock, whose rapid recognition and mechanism differentiation are of great importance. The clinical context and physical examination are of great value, but in complex situations as in cardiac care units, it is mandatory the use of advanced hemodynamic monitorization devices, both to determine the main mechanism of shock, as to decide management and guide response to treatment, these devices include pulmonary flotation catheter as the gold standard, as well as more recent techniques including echocardiography and pulmonary ultrasound, among others. This article emphasizes the different shock mechanisms observed in the cardiac care units, with a proposal for approach and treatment.


Un tercio de la población de pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos se encuentran en choque circulatorio, el identificarlo y determinar su mecanismo de manera rápida y eficaz es de gran importancia. El contexto clínico y el examen físico son de gran utilidad, sin embargo existen situaciones de alta complejidad en las que se requiere del uso de las distintas modalidades de monitorización hemodinámica avanzada, tanto para determinar la causa, como para decidir el manejo y guiar respuesta al tratamiento, incluyendo el catéter de flotación pulmonar como gold standard, así como técnicas más recientes incluyendo ecocardiografía y ultrasonido pulmonar, entre otros. Este artículo enfatiza los distintos mecanismos de choque observados en las unidades de cuidados cardiacos, con propuesta de abordaje y tratamiento.


Assuntos
Unidades de Cuidados Coronarianos , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Choque/fisiopatologia , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Humanos , Choque/terapia , Choque Cardiogênico/fisiopatologia , Choque Cardiogênico/terapia , Ultrassonografia/métodos
11.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(5): 640-667, 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512094

RESUMO

Lung ultrasound has had a great development in the critical patient management in the last decade. It is a safe, non-invasive and radiation-free tool that allows examining the patient at the bedside without the need for transfer. The last characteristic is particularly beneficial in patients with hypoxemia, hemodynamic instability and with high-risk of nosocomial contamination, as currently occurs in the pandemic caused by the outbreak of the new coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Lung ultrasound can be used to assess lung aeration in the patient under mechanical ventilation, evaluating the response to different strategies, personalizing lung recruitment maneuvers, and guiding the weaning process. This review describes the basic principles of lung ultrasound to obtain the images and interpret them. Lung ultrasound provides anesthesiologists, intensivists and respiratory therapists a safe and reliable tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of the main pulmonary diseases in the critical ill patient.


El ultrasonido pulmonar ha tenido un gran desarrollo en el abordaje del paciente crítico en las últimas décadas. Constituye una herramienta segura, no invasiva y libre de radiación, que permite examinar al paciente sin necesidad de traslado. Esta última característica es particularmente beneficiosa en pacientes hipóxicos, inestables hemodinámicamente o con alto riesgo de contaminación nosocomial, como ocurre actualmente con la pandemia ocasionada por el brote de la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). El ultrasonido pulmonar puede ser usado, además, para evaluar y monitorizar la aireación pulmonar en el paciente en ventilación mecánica, personalizando maniobras de reclutamiento, testeando la respuesta a diferentes estrategias ventilatorias y monitorizando el proceso de weaning. Esta revisión describe los principios básicos del ultrasonido pulmonar para la obtención de imágenes y su interpretación. Proporcionando a médicos anestesiólogos, intensivistas y kinesiólogos respiratorios una herramienta segura y confiable para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de las principales patologías pulmonares en el paciente crítico.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ultrassom/métodos , Cuidados Críticos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Respiração Artificial , Estado Terminal , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , Monitorização Fisiológica
12.
Rev chil anest ; 49(3): 438-442, 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510872

RESUMO

Pulmonary ultrasound has proven to be a tool that has been positioning itself in different specialties. Faced with the pandemic that affects us, this tool can be useful for making a diagnosis and of the state of the lung and thus generating a system that allows patients who have a normal or mildly compromised lung examination to be referred to their homes. While patients with greater lung involvement are admitted and managed in units of different complexity.


El ultrasonido pulmonar ha demostrado ser una herramienta que ha ido posicionándose en diferentes especialidades. Frente a la pandemia que nos afecta esta herramienta puede ser útil para realizar un diagnóstico y un del estado del pulmón y así generar un sistema que permita derivar a sus casas a los pacientes que tengan un examen pulmonar normal o con leve compromiso. Mientras que los enfermos que tengan mayor compromiso pulmonar sean ingresados y manejados en unidades de diferente complejidad.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ultrassonografia/métodos , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Triagem , Saturação de Oxigênio
13.
Arch Cardiol Mex ; 89(4): 369-375, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31834323

RESUMO

Lung ultrasound is an easily available, reproducible examination tool, both in ambulatory and critically-ill patients, which is used to evaluate congestion status and to differentiate the etiology of dyspnea. In this review, we explain lung ultrasound technique, acquisition protocols and their interpretation, as well as the evidence that shows its effectiveness among stable and critically-ill patients. Lung ultrasound should be used as an add-on to traditional physical examination in order to give an accurate diagnosis and a rapid treatment to patients with pulmonary congestion.


El ultrasonido pulmonar es una herramienta de fácil reproducibilidad en pacientes estables y críticos que se utiliza para valorar el estado de congestión y comprobar la causa de la disnea. En este texto se revisan los fundamentos de la ecografía pulmonar, los protocolos de adquisición y su interpretación, así como la evidencia que sustenta su uso en el paciente cardiovascular críticamente enfermo y en el paciente estable. Esta herramienta debe emplearse como complemento de la exploración física regular para poder instituir un tratamiento oportuno en los pacientes con congestión pulmonar.


Assuntos
Dispneia/etiologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Estado Terminal , Dispneia/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem
14.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 89(4): 369-375, Oct.-Dec. 2019. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149095

RESUMO

Resumen El ultrasonido pulmonar es una herramienta de fícil reproducibilidad en pacientes estables y críticos que se utiliza para valorar el estado de congestón y comprobar la causa de la disnea. En este texto se revisan los fundamentos de la ecografía pulmonar, los protocolos de adquisición y su interpretación, así como la evidencia que sustenta su uso en el paciente cardiovascular críticamente enfermo y en el paciente estable. Esta herramienta debe emplearse como complemento de la exploración física regular para poder instituir un tratamiento oportuno en los pacientes con congestión pulmonar.


Abstract Lung ultrasound is an easily available, reproducible examination tool, both in ambulatory and critically-ill patients, which is used to evaluate congestion status and to differentiate the etiology of dyspnea. In this review, we explain lung ultrasound technique, acquisition protocols and their interpretation, as well as the evidence that shows its effectiveness among stable and critically-ill patients. Lung ultrasound should be used as an add-on to traditional physical examination in order to give an accurate diagnosis and a rapid treatment to patients with pulmonary congestion.


Assuntos
Humanos , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Dispneia/etiologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Estado Terminal , Dispneia/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem
15.
Med. interna Méx ; 33(6): 822-825, nov.-dic. 2017. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-954920

RESUMO

Resumen Comunicamos el caso clínico de un paciente de 54 años de edad que ingresó al servicio por dificultad respiratoria. Inició su padecimiento actual un mes previo a su ingreso con tos productiva con expectoración purulenta abundante, fiebre no cuantificada y pérdida de peso, dos días previos a su ingreso se agregó dificultad respiratoria que se exacerbó aproximadamente tres horas previas a su ingreso. A la exploración física se observó paciente consciente con signos vitales: frecuencia cardiaca 130 lpm, frecuencia respiratoria 27 rpm, presión arterial 115/73 mmHg, temperatura 36.4ºC, con disnea, uso de músculos accesorios, taquicardia, taquipnea, con saturación a aire ambiente de 89%, como antecedentes de importancia destacaron toxicomanías positivas; se integraron datos clínicos de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad; la radiografía de tórax evidenció borramiento del ángulo costofrénico y costodiafragmático por lo que se sospechó derrame pleural; sin embargo, se decidió realizar ultrasonido pulmonar para confirmar derrame pleural vs consolidación pulmonar, en el que se observaron datos compatibles con escaso derrame pleural y zona de consolidación pulmonar basal derecha; se dio tratamiento con doble esquema antibiótico. Con este artículo se demuestra que el ultrasonido pulmonar resulta ser una herramienta efectiva y confiable en el diagnóstico temprano de neumonía en el servicio de Urgencias, sin necesidad de realizar radiografía de tórax, incluso tiene sensibilidad mucho mayor para el diagnóstico de derrame pleural en comparación con la radiografía convencional.


Abstract This paper reports the clinical case of a 54-year-old male patient, which entered to the service due to respiratory difficulty. Patient initiated his current suffering a month before the hospital admission with productive cough with purulent, abundant expectoration, not quantified fever, and loss of weight, two days before to his hospital admission respiratory difficulty was added that was exacerbated approximately 3 hours prior to income. To the physical exploration conscious patient was observed with vital signs: HR 130 bpm, RR 27 bpm, blood pressure 115/73 mmHg, temperature 36.4ºC, with shortness of breath, use of accessory muscles, tachycardia, tachypnea, with saturation to air ambience of 89%; precedents of importance: positive drug dependency; clinic data were integrated of community-acquired pneumonia, X-ray chest evidenced effacement of the costophrenic and costodiaphragmatic angle; thus, it was suspected pleural effusion; however, it was decided to perform pulmonary USG to confirm effusion vs pleural pulmonary consolidation, in which there were data compatible with low pleural effusion and right basal pulmonary consolidation area; handling was started with double antibiotic scheme. This article demonstrates that pulmonary USG turns out to be an effective and reliable tool in the early diagnosis of pneumonia in the Emergency Department, without necessity of chest X-ray, it has even much larger sensitivity for diagnosis of pleural effusion in comparison with conventional radiography.

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