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1.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 88(5): 301-307, oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530018

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: El virus del papiloma humano (VPH), con más de 100 tipos, es de transmisión sexual. Varios países de América Latina han introducido las vacunas contra el VPH. Aunque América Latina es la región que más rápido avanzó en la vacunación contra el VPH, sus sistemas de seguimiento y vigilancia son aún deficientes. OBJETIVO: Comparar las diferentes estrategias de vacunación contra el VPH en Ecuador y América Latina. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica, en la que se obtuvo información de documentos gubernamentales y artículos indexados en los últimos 5 años sobre las estrategias de vacunación contra el VPH en Ecuador y América Latina. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los países de América Latina han logrado introducir la vacuna contra el VPH, excepto Venezuela, Martinica, Haití, Nicaragua y Cuba. CONCLUSIONES: Los protocolos de vacunación de Ecuador y América Latina necesitan mejorar sus sistemas de seguimiento y aumentar la expansión de datos de cobertura disponibles de manera consistente. Actualmente siguen existiendo desafíos para introducir las vacunas, lograr una alta cobertura y fortalecer el seguimiento, la evaluación y la notificación.


INTRODUCTION: The human papilloma virus (HPV), with more than 100 types, is a sexual transmission infection. Many Latin American countries have introduced the vaccines against the HPV. Although Latin América is the region which advanced faster against the HPV, its surveillance and follow-up systems are yet deficient. OBJECTIVE: To compare the different strategies to assume the vaccination against the HPV in Ecuador and Latin America. METHOD: Bibliographic review, in which information was obtained from government documents and articles indexed in the last five years on vaccination strategies against HPV in Ecuador and Latin America. RESULTS: Most Latin American countries have managed to introduce the vaccine against the HPV, except Venezuela, Martinica, Haiti, Nicaragua and Cuba. CONCLUSIONS: The vaccination protocols of Ecuador and Latin América need to improve their systems of follow-up and monitoring, and increase the expansion of available data in a consistent manner. Now, there are still existing challenges to introduce the vaccines, manage a high reach and fortify the follow-up, the evaluation, and the notification.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Programas de Imunização , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Esquemas de Imunização , Equador , América Latina
2.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 83(5): 318-27, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25619797

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In October 2008, Valencian Community started its human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination schedules for 14 year-old girls. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge about HPV infection and its vaccine among the mothers of these girls, and to identify factors associated with the willingness to vaccinate their daughters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study by means of a questionnaire to mothers of girls born in 1995, and attending secondary schools in the province of Valencia during 2010-2011. Cluster stratified random sample (n=1279). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: percentages, confidence intervals, OR, Chi-squared and multivariate logistic regression contrasts. RESULTS: A total of 833 (65.1%) questionnaires were completed. The results obtained showed that, 76.6% of mothers had vaccinated their daughters against HPV; 93.8% knew about the vaccine, particularly through television (71.5%); and 78.5% received positive advice from a health professional which increased the vaccination of their daughters (OR: 2.4). There was low overall knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination. Confidence of the mothers in vaccines as a preventative method increases the HPV vaccination (OR: 3.8). The first reason for refusal was the fear of adverse events (45.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Apparently, the media does not influence the willingness to vaccinate. It would be desirable to minimize the perception of risk of the vaccine. Positive health advice from a health professional can have a positive effect on vaccination. There is a gap between the level of knowledge and decision-making to vaccinate.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Mães/psicologia , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/uso terapêutico , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Meios de Comunicação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Espanha
3.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(6): 483-489, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | BINACIS | ID: bin-129075

RESUMO

Introduction. Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identifed as the etiologic agent of cervical and other anogenital cancers. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HPV vaccines in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) grades 2 and 3, adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) and cervical cancer. Materials and Methods. Major bibliographic databases were searched in July 2011 without any temporal nor language restrictions. Randomizedcontrolled trials that evaluated the efficacy of HPV vaccines against CIN2+ and cervical cancer were included. Results. Four of the 168 publications found were included in a meta-analysis. Among vaccinated women, the relative risk (RR) of developing CIN2+ lesions was 0.45 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.54) for HPV 16, 0.14 (0.08 to 0.25) for HPV 18, and 0.79 (0.68 to 0.93) for oncogenic serotypes not included in the vaccines 31/33/45/52/58. All studies had acceptable safety profiles. Conclusions. Vaccines currently available are effective, safe and capable of preventing CIN2+ lesions, although long term efficacy has not yet been fully tested.(AU)


Introducción. El cáncer de cuello uterino es el tercer tipo de cáncer en frecuencia en el mundo. El virus de papiloma humano (HPV, por su sigla en inglés) se ha identificado como causa de éste y otros cánceres anogenitales. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar, mediante una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis, la eficacia y seguridad de las vacunas contra HPV para la prevención de neoplasias intraepiteliales (CIN) de grados 2, 3 y adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) y el cáncer de cuello uterino. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las principales bases de datos durante julio de 2011 sin restricciones temporales o idiomáticas. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados que evaluaran la eficacia de la vacuna contra el desarrollo de CIN2 + y cáncer de cuello uterino. Resultados. Se confeccionó un metaanálisis con 4 de las 168 publicaciones halladas. Mediante el análisis por intención de tratar se observó, para mujeres vacunadas, un riesgo relativo (RR) de contraer lesiones CIN2+ asociadas a HPV 16 de 0,45 (IC 95% 0,38-0,54); a HPV 18 de 0,14 (0,08-0,25) y por serotipos oncogénicos 31/33/45/52/58 no incluidos en la vacuna de 0,79 (0,68-0,93). Todos los estudios mostraron perfiles de seguridad aceptables. Conclusiones. Las vacunas disponibles actualmente mostraron ser eficaces y seguras para la prevención de lesiones CIN2+; sin embargo, resta probar su eficacia a largo plazo.(AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 110(6): 483-489, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-662128

RESUMO

Introduction. Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The human papilloma virus (HPV) has been identifed as the etiologic agent of cervical and other anogenital cancers. The aim was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HPV vaccines in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) grades 2 and 3, adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) and cervical cancer. Materials and Methods. Major bibliographic databases were searched in July 2011 without any temporal nor language restrictions. Randomizedcontrolled trials that evaluated the efficacy of HPV vaccines against CIN2+ and cervical cancer were included. Results. Four of the 168 publications found were included in a meta-analysis. Among vaccinated women, the relative risk (RR) of developing CIN2+ lesions was 0.45 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.54) for HPV 16, 0.14 (0.08 to 0.25) for HPV 18, and 0.79 (0.68 to 0.93) for oncogenic serotypes not included in the vaccines 31/33/45/52/58. All studies had acceptable safety profiles. Conclusions. Vaccines currently available are effective, safe and capable of preventing CIN2+ lesions, although long term efficacy has not yet been fully tested.


Introducción. El cáncer de cuello uterino es el tercer tipo de cáncer en frecuencia en el mundo. El virus de papiloma humano (HPV, por su sigla en inglés) se ha identificado como causa de éste y otros cánceres anogenitales. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar, mediante una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis, la eficacia y seguridad de las vacunas contra HPV para la prevención de neoplasias intraepiteliales (CIN) de grados 2, 3 y adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2+) y el cáncer de cuello uterino. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las principales bases de datos durante julio de 2011 sin restricciones temporales o idiomáticas. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados que evaluaran la eficacia de la vacuna contra el desarrollo de CIN2 + y cáncer de cuello uterino. Resultados. Se confeccionó un metaanálisis con 4 de las 168 publicaciones halladas. Mediante el análisis por intención de tratar se observó, para mujeres vacunadas, un riesgo relativo (RR) de contraer lesiones CIN2+ asociadas a HPV 16 de 0,45 (IC 95% 0,38-0,54); a HPV 18 de 0,14 (0,08-0,25) y por serotipos oncogénicos 31/33/45/52/58 no incluidos en la vacuna de 0,79 (0,68-0,93). Todos los estudios mostraron perfiles de seguridad aceptables. Conclusiones. Las vacunas disponibles actualmente mostraron ser eficaces y seguras para la prevención de lesiones CIN2+; sin embargo, resta probar su eficacia a largo plazo.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos
5.
Salud pública Méx ; 52(3): 226-233, May-June 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-553743

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To understand the sociocultural environment, health systems' capacities, and policy processes related to cervical cancer and HPV vaccines in order to inform HPV vaccine introduction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Mixed-method formative research using qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. Participants included girls, parents, community leaders, health and education officials, and policymakers. RESULTS: Respondents, including policymakers, generally supported HPV vaccine introduction, due partly to appreciation for the benefits of vaccination and the desire to prevent cancer. Community-level concerns regarding safety and quality of services will need to be addressed. The immunization system in Peru is strong and has capacity for including the HPV vaccine. CONCLUSION: Formative research provides key insights to help shape an effective program for HPV vaccine introduction.


OBJETIVO: Comprender el contexto sociocultural, las capacidades del sistema de salud y las condiciones políticas vinculadas al cáncer cervical y a la vacuna contra el VPH para diseñar una estrategia apropiada de introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Investigación formativa usando técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Los participantes incluyeron niños, padres, líderes, funcionarios del sector salud y educación, y diseñadores de políticas. RESULTADOS: Generalmente se apoya la introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH, dado que se aprecian los beneficios de la vacunación y se desea prevenir el cáncer. En la comunidad se encontraron preocupaciones sobre seguridad, confianza y calidad de atención. El sistema de inmunizaciones en el Perú es eficiente y tiene la capacidad para incluir la vacuna contra el VPH. CONCLUSIONES: La investigación formativa permite comprender elementos clave que ayudan a diseñar un programa efectivo para la introducción de la vacuna contra el VPH.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Educação em Saúde , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Vacinação , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Pais , Peru , Saúde Pública , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia
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