Synergistic effect of seaweed extract and boric acid and/or calcium chloride on productivity and physico-chemical properties of Valencia orange.

Many citrus species and cultivars are grown successfully in tropical and subtropical countries, as well as in arid and semi-arid regions with low levels of organic matter and low cation exchange, resulting in lower nutrient uptake by the plant. The essential nutrients needed for citrus flowering and fruit set are limited in winter due to a reduction in transpiration rate, negatively effecting vegetative growth, flowering, yield, and fruit quality. The present investigation was carried out to assess the nutritional status, fruit yield parameters, and fruit quality of Valencia orange trees after foliar spraying of seaweed extract (SW) combined with calcium chloride and boric acid and their combinations in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. The treatments were arranged in a split-plot design (three levels spraying seaweed extract × four levels spraying calcium chloride and boric acid and their combinations × four replicates × one tree/replicate). The results indicated that all of the characteristics measured, including leaf chlorophyll, leaf mineral contents, fruit yield parameters, fruit physical properties, and fruit chemical properties, were significantly affected by the foliar spraying of seaweed extract (SW) combined with calcium chloride and boric acid and their combinations. Although all treatments increased the productivity and the physical and chemical properties of Valencia orange fruits compared to the control, a treatment of 10 g/L SW combined with 0.5 g/L boric acid and 1 g/L calcium chloride produced superior results. This ratio of SW, boric acid, and calcium chloride is therefore recommended to enhance productivity and improve the physico-chemical properties of Valencia orange for greater fruit yield.

Dosimetry of Large Field Valencia applicators for Cobalt-60-based brachytherapy.

BACKGROUND: Non-melanoma skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and one of the main approaches is brachytherapy. For small lesions, the treatment of this cancer with brachytherapy can be done with two commercial applicators, one of these is the Large Field Valencia Applicators (LFVA). PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to test the capabilities of the LFVA to use clinically 60Co sources instead of the 192Ir ones. This study was designed for the same dwell positions and weights for both sources. METHODS: The Penelope Monte Carlo code was used to evaluate dose distribution in a water phantom when a 60Co source is considered. The LFVA design and the optimized dwell weights reported for the case of 192Ir are maintained with the only exception of the dwell weight of the central position, that was increased. 2D dose distributions, field flatness, symmetry and the leakage dose distribution around the applicator were calculated. RESULTS: When comparing the dose distributions of both sources, field flatness and symmetry remain unchanged. The only evident difference is an increase of the penumbra regions for all depths when using the 60Co source. Regarding leakage, the maximum dose within the air volume surrounding the applicator is in the order of 20% of the prescription dose for the 60Co source, but it decreases to less than 5% at about 1 cm distance. CONCLUSIONS: Flatness and symmetry remains unaltered as compared with 192Ir sources, while an increase in leakage has been observed. This proves the feasibility of using the LFVA in a larger range of clinical applications.

23 Congreso Nacional Farmacéutico / [23rd National Pharmaceutical Congress]

Bajo el lema Transformando la sanidad con el farmacéutico, el 23 Congreso Nacional Farmacéutico ha reunido en Valencia a más de 2.000 farmacéuticos de todos los ámbitos de la profesión, desde la óptica y la ortopedia, a la dermofarmacia, la investigación, la industria, la distribución, la alimentación, los análisis clínicos, la salud pública, la farmacia hospitalaria y, por supuesto, la farmacia comunitaria. (AU)

Local terrestrial snails as natural intermediate hosts of the zoonotic parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the new European endemic area of Valencia, Spain.

AIM: The rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, has recently been found in the city of Valencia, parasitizing rats, Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus, its natural definitive hosts. This is the first finding of this zoonotic nematode in continental Europe. After informing local and national health authorities, the collection of local terrestrial snails took place with the aim of elucidating their potential role as intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 145 terrestrial snails, belonging to the species Cernuella virgata, Cornu aspersum, Eobania vermiculata, Otala punctata, Pseudotachea splendida, Rumina decollata and Theba pisana, were randomly collected between May and December 2022 in public gardens, parks and orchards in six districts of Valencia, in five of which A. cantonensis had been reported previously in rats. Once collected and identified, the snails were frozen at -20°C. Subsequently, the DNA was isolated and screened by PCR using specific primers targeting the A. cantonensis COI gene. Seven individual snails, belonging to the species C. virgata, C. aspersum and T. pisana, were positive, for an overall prevalence of 4.8%. The PCR product from one of them was sequenced by Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: The three positive terrestrial snail species are among the edible species that are frequently included in various dishes in Spain. C. virgata is reported as a previously unrecorded intermediate host and should be added to the list of more than 200 species of terrestrial snails that have been reported worldwide as intermediate hosts of the rat lungworm. Considering that these terrestrial snails may release infective larvae of A. cantonensis on leafy green vegetables on which they feed and during their handling and preparation for consumption, prophylactic measures to prevent human neuroangiostrongyliasis in Valencia and other regions to which this zoonotic parasite may spread are recommended.

Evaluating Different Factors That Affect the Nesting Patterns of European and Algerian Hedgehogs in Urban and Suburban Environments.

Small undisturbed patches in urban environments serve as important refuges for wildlife, e.g., hedgehogs. However, the effects of urbanization on certain biological aspects, like nesting behavior, remain unknown. We captured and tracked the movement of 30 male hedgehogs of two co-existing species: Algerian and European hedgehogs. The study was carried out in Valencia (eastern Spain). We distinguished six macrohabitats and five subhabitats. We analyzed the proportions of the macro and subhabitats where nests were found to calculate a resource selection function and fit GLMs. Hedgehog nests tended to concentrate in areas with little human disturbance and were built in hedges or under bush-like vegetation. We did not find any significant differences between species or other considered groups. We noted that nests were distributed around hard-to-find suitable habitat patches. We even recorded a case of two males from both species simultaneously using one nest. Our results suggest that hedgehog conservation in urban environments can be improved by the correct management of forest patches by conserving bush-like vegetation and improving the connectivity between suitable patches with ecological corridors.

Who changed and who maintained their urban bike-sharing mobility after the COVID-19 outbreak? A within-subjects study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has remarkably impacted urban mobility. All non-essential movements were restricted in Valencia (Spain) to contain the virus. Thus, the transport usage patterns of Valencia's bike-sharing system (BSS) users changed during this emergency situation. The primary objective of this study was to analyse the behaviour patterns of BSS users in Valencia before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, specifically those who maintained or changed their transport routines. A within-subjects comparison design was developed using a group of BSS users before and after the onset of the pandemic. Data mining techniques were used on a sample of 4355 regular users and 25 variables were calculated to classify users by self-organising maps analysis. The results show a significant reduction (40 %) in BSS movements after the outbreak during the entire post-outbreak year. There was some recovery during the rest of 2020; however, this has yet to reach the pre-pandemic levels, with variations observed based on the activities performed in different areas of the city. Of the users, 63 % changed their BSS use patterns after the onset of the pandemic (LEAVE group), while 37 % maintained their patterns (REMAIN group). The user profile of the REMAIN group was characterised by a general reduction of approximately 35 % of journeys during 2020, with a slight increase in morning movements compared to those made in the evening. These users also presented an equivalent number of cycling days to those of the previous year, reduced the number of connections and increased the network's density and the travelling speed. These results can be useful in estimating the percentage of people who do not vary their usual behaviour during emergencies. Finally, several policy implications are outlined based on the findings.

Update on the First Finding of the Rat Lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, in Rattus spp. in Continental Europe, Valencia, Spain, 2022.

The rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, is an emerging parasite that can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans. Over the past 60 years, the worm has greatly expanded its original Asian distribution to most tropical and subtropical areas of the world, mostly by traveling on ships with its definitive hosts, rats. Angiostrongylus cantonensis was recently found for the first time in Continental Europe, specifically in 3 (2 Rattus norvegicus and 1 Rattus rattus) out of 27 rats trapped in the sewer system of the city of Valencia, Spain. Updating the investigation, the parasite has subsequently been found in 8 (5 R. norvegicus and 3 R. rattus) out of 94 rats analyzed. The highest prevalence of infection (20%) was obtained in rats trapped in the orchards that surround the city, where both snails and slugs (intermediate hosts) abound, and where vegetables consumed in Valencia, other parts of Spain, and abroad, are produced. The presence of the parasite in rats does not necessarily mean that the disease it causes becomes a relevant public health concern since it strongly depends on the food habits of the population at risk. If proper precautions are taken, the risk of acquiring neuroangiostrongylosis should be minimal.

[Wolbachia pipientis infections in populations of Aedes albopictus in the city of València (Spain): implications for mosquito control.] / Infecciones por Wolbachia pipientis en poblaciones de Aedes albopictus en la ciudad de València (España): implicaciones para el control de mosquitos.

OBJECTIVE: The presence of Aedes albopictus, of high sanitary and social impact, was first reported in Valencia (Eastern Spain) in 2015. Innovative tools for its control include the use of the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis. The release of mosquito males infected with the wPip strain, has proven very promising for large-scale Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) applications. Before this strategy can be implemented in Valencia, it is important to know whether the natural local mosquito populations are Wolbachia-infected and, if so, identifying the infecting strains/supergroups, these being the objectives of the present work. METHODS: Eggs were collected from the 19 districts of the València city between May and October 2019. A total of 50 lab-reared adult Ae. albopictus individuals were processed and analyzed for Wolbachia detection and molecular characterization. These actions took place within the framework of a collaboration established with the Department of Health and Consumer Affairs of the city council of Valencia. Fisher's exact test was used to detect the statistical significance of the differences between groups. RESULTS: Our study revealed that 94% of the analyzed samples were naturally infected with Wolbachia. Both wAlbA and wAlbB supergroups were identified, with most samples (72% of the infected ones) carrying co-infections. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide the first characterization of the Wolbachia presence in natural populations of Ae. albopictus in the Mediterranean area of Spain. This information is relevant to evaluate the potential use of Wolbachia strains in order to achieve the suppression of the Asian tiger mosquito populations through massive release of artificially-infected males.

OBJETIVO: La presencia de Aedes albopictus, de alto impacto sanitario y social, se informó por primera vez en Valencia en 2015. Las herramientas innovadoras para su control incluyen el uso de la bacteria endosimbiótica Wolbachia pipientis. La liberación de mosquitos machos infectados con la cepa wPip ha demostrado ser muy prometedora para aplicar la Técnica de Insectos Incompatibles (IIT) a gran escala. Antes de que esta estrategia pueda implementarse, es importante saber si las poblaciones locales de mosquitos silvestres están infectadas por Wolbachia y, de ser así, identificar las cepas/supergrupos infectantes, siendo estos los objetivos del presente trabajo. METODOS: Se recolectaron huevos de los diecinueve distritos de València entre mayo y octubre de 2019, y se mantuvieron en el laboratorio hasta llegar a adultos. Un total de cincuenta individuos adultos de Ae albopictus fueron procesados y analizados para detectar la presencia de Wolbachia y su caracterización molecular. Estas acciones se enmarcaron en la colaboración establecida con la Concejalía de Salud y Consumo del Ayuntamiento de València. La prueba exacta de Fisher fue utilizada para detectar la significación estadística de las diferencias entre grupos. RESULTADOS: El 94% de las muestras analizadas estaban infectadas de forma natural con Wolbachia. Se identificaron los supergrupos wAlbA y wAlbB, y la mayoría de las muestras (72% de las infectadas) presentaban coinfecciones. CONCLUSIONES: Los datos proporcionan la primera caracterización de la presencia de Wolbachia en poblaciones naturales de Ae. albopictus en el área mediterránea de España. Esta información es relevante para evaluar el potencial uso de cepas de Wolbachia de cara a la supresión de poblaciones de mosquito tigre asiático mediante la liberación masiva de machos infectados artificialmente.

Infecciones por Wolbachia pipientis en poblaciones de Aedes albopictus en la ciudad de València (España): implicaciones para el control de mosquitos / Wolbachia pipientis infections in populations of Aedes albopictus in the city of València (Spain): implications for mosquito control

Fundamentos: La presencia deAedes albopictus, de alto impacto sanitario y social, se informó por primera vez en Valenciaen 2015. Las herramientas innovadoras para su control incluyen el uso de la bacteria endosimbióticaWolbachia pipientis. La liberación de mosquitos machos infectados con la cepawPip ha demostrado ser muy prometedora para aplicar la Técnica de InsectosIncompatibles (IIT) a gran escala. Antes de que esta estrategia pueda implementarse, es importante saber si las poblaciones localesde mosquitos silvestres están infectadas porWolbachia y, de ser así, identificar las cepas/supergrupos infectantes, siendo estos losobjetivos del presente trabajo. Métodos: Se recolectaron huevos de los diecinueve distritos de València entre mayo y octubre de 2019, y se mantuvieron en ellaboratorio hasta llegar a adultos. Un total de cincuenta individuos adultos deAe. albopictus fueron procesados y analizados paradetectar la presencia deWolbachia y su caracterización molecular. Estas acciones se enmarcaron en la colaboración establecida conla Concejalía de Salud y Consumo del Ayuntamiento de València. La prueba exacta de Fisher fue utilizada para detectar la significaciónestadística de las diferencias entre grupos. Resultados: El 94% de las muestras analizadas estaban infectadas de forma natural conWolbachia. Se identificaron los supergruposwAlbA ywAlbB, y la mayoría de las muestras (72% de las infectadas) presentaban coinfecciones. Conclusiones: Los datos proporcionan la primera caracterización de la presencia deWolbachia en poblaciones naturales deAe. albopictus en el área mediterránea de España. Esta información es relevante para evaluar el potencial uso de cepas deWolbachiade cara a la supresión de poblaciones de mosquito tigre asiático mediante la liberación masiva de machos infectados artificialmente.(AU)

Background: The presence ofAedes albopictus, of high sanitary and social impact, was first reported in Valencia (Eastern Spain)in 2015. Innovative tools for its control include the use of the endosymbiotic bacteriumWolbachia pipientis. The release of mosquitomales infected with thewPip strain, has proven very promising for large-scale Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) applications. Beforethis strategy can be implemented in Valencia, it is important to know whether the natural local mosquito populations areWolbachia-infected and, if so, identifying the infecting strains/supergroups, these being the objectives of the present work. Methods: Eggs were collected from the 19 districts of the València city between May and October 2019. A total of 50 lab-reared adultAe. albopictus individuals were processed and analyzed forWolbachia detection and molecular characterization. These actions tookplace within the framework of a collaboration established with the Department of Health and Consumer Affairs of the city council ofValencia. Fisher’s exact test was used to detect the statistical significance of the differences between groups. Results: Our study revealed that 94% of the analyzed samples were naturally infected withWolbachia. BothwAlbA andwAlbBsupergroups were identified, with most samples (72% of the infected ones) carrying co-infections. Conclusions: These data provide the first characterization of theWolbachia presence in natural populations ofAe. albopictusin the Mediterranean area of Spain. This information is relevant to evaluate the potential use ofWolbachia strains in order to achievethe suppression of the Asian tiger mosquito populations through massive release of artificially-infected males.(AU)

Multiband Photogrammetry and Hybrid Image Analysis for the Investigation of a Wall Painting by Paolo de San Leocadio and Francesco Pagano in the Cathedral of Valencia.

A workflow for the photogrammetric combination of non-invasive multispectral imaging techniques ranging from ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) to near infrared (NIR) for the investigation of wall paintings is presented. Hereby, different methods for image analysis and visualisation techniques are discussed. This includes the combination of spectral bands in hybrid false-colour images and image analysis by applying NDVI/NDPI and PCA. The aim of the research is to generate a high-resolution photogrammetric image set, providing information on underdrawings, material differences, damages, painting techniques and conservation measures. The image data are superimposed with pixel accuracy in a geographic information system (GIS) for further analysis, tracing of observations and findings and the annotation of further information. The research is carried out on the 'Adoration of the Shepherds', an early Spanish Renaissance wall painting created in 1472 by Paolo de San Leocadio and Francesco Pagano in the Cathedral of Valencia. The wall painting is preserved in an unfinished condition, and half of it is represented by the initial plaster and preparation layers. This gives the possibility to compare and evaluate the observations of the finished areas as well as carry out an in-depth study of the working techniques.

Effects of increasing levels of orange peel extract on kit growth, feed utilization, and some blood metabolites in the doe rabbits under heat stress conditions.

One of the most severe consequences of climate change on the rabbit production sector is heat stress. Dietary supplementation of phytochemicals could alleviate the negative impact of heat stress on rabbits. Thirty-six V-line rabbit does with average live body weight (LBW) of 2.672 ± 0.031 kg were randomly allocated into three experimental groups as follows: the control group (OPE0) and the OPE2.5 and OPE5 groups were orally administered orange peel extract (OPE) at doses of 2.5 and 5 mL/doe. The increasing OPE levels significantly improved LBW at partum (p = 0.002) and weaning (p = 0.004), daily and total feed intake from pregnancy until weaning (p = 0.007), daily milk yield per doe at 7th and 14th days (p ≤ 0.05), and milk efficiency (p = 0.001). Litter size at 1st-28th days, litter weight gain, survival rate, and kit weight gain at 21st-28th days of heat-stressed doe rabbits were significantly improved with OPE treatments. The treatment of OPE5 significantly decreased serum glucose, triglycerides, and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of rabbits. The increasing OPE levels decreased significantly total lipid and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and increased (p = 0.001) high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in heat-stressed rabbits. In conclusion, the treatment of OPE improved feed utilization, milk efficiency, and reproductive performance and alleviated the drastic impacts of heat stress on rabbits.

Organochlorine residues in muscle of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from four Spanish Mediterranean wetlands and coastal lagoons.

European eels (Anguilla anguilla) are an endangered species throughout their range, and chlorine organic compounds are some of the most important pollutants for marine species. Data on contaminants in eel stocks remain incomplete, so organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in muscle of European eels from four Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems were analyzed. COPs are presents in eels from all areas, but some compounds are not detected: HCH α, ß and γ (lindane), endosulfan sulfate, heptachlor, and PCBs 28, 52 and 180. The high percentage of DDT 2,4' in eels from S'Albufera des Grau Natural Park, an ecosystem with good ecological status according to the Water Framework Directive, and the presence of PCBs in S'Albufereta Natural Reserve indicate the need to carry out further studies in the future. The results obtained can improve the management of this species in the studied areas.

Enseñando a ser madres: la educación de mujer a mujer en la Valencia del primer tercio del siglo XX / Teaching to be mothers: education from women to woman in valencia in the first third of the 20th century

A comienzos del siglo XX, las altas cifras de morbi-mortalidad infantil generaron una preocupación creciente del movimiento Higienista, que articuló una respuesta sanitaria compleja, que combinó, entre otras medidas, la puesta en marcha de nuevas instituciones dedicadas a la puericultura y la utilización de nuevas estrategias como la educación para la salud y la divulgación sanitaria. En este contexto, las madres, consideradas causa y solución del problema, fueron el objetivo de dichas estrategias sanitarias dirigidas a mejorar las prácticas de los cuidados infantiles. Las profesionales femeninas próximas a las madres y a los niños, sobre todo maestras y enfermeras, se convirtieron en agentes de promoción de la salud, involucrando a las mujeres en las mejoras de la salud familiar. En la presente investigación, se presenta el estudio de caso de Valencia, como ejemplo de la emergencia de una acción profesional femenina que, a pesar de su visibilidad limitada, fue clave en la mejora de la salud infantil.(AU)

At the beginning of the 20th century, high infant morbidity and mortality rates generated a growing concern in the hygienist movement, which articulated a complex health response that combined, among other measures, the implementation of new institutions dedicated to child care and the use of new strategies such as health education and health promotion. In this context, mothers, seen as both the cause and the solution to the problem, were the target of such health strategies aimed at improving childcare practices. Female professionals close to mothers and children, especially teachers and nurses, became agents of health promotion, involving women in family health improvements. In this research, the case study of Valencia is presented as an example of the emergence of a female professional action that, despite its limited visibility, was key in the improvement of child health.(AU)

Autochthonous Angiostrongylus cantonensis Lungworms in Urban Rats, Valencia, Spain, 2021.

To determine the role of rats as potential reservoirs of zoonotic parasites, we examined rats trapped in urban sewers of Valencia, Spain, in 2021. Morphologic and molecular identification and sequencing identified autochthonous Angiostrongylus cantonensis nematodes, the most common cause of human eosinophilic meningitis, in pulmonary arteries of Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus rats.

Effects of Extraction Methods on the Bioactivities and Nutritional Value of Virginia and Valencia-Type Peanut Oil.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco (Virginia and Valencia) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac) on the fatty acid profile, phytosterol, and tocopherol contents, quality characteristics, and antioxidant potential of peanut seed oil. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the oils. The results revealed that fatty acid content was slightly affected by the extraction technique. However, the CP method was shown to be an excellent approach for extracting oil with desirable quality features compared to the Sox and Mac methods. Furthermore, the peanut oil extracted via CP carried a higher amount of bioactive compounds and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities. The findings also revealed higher oleic acid levels from the Virginia oil, ranging from 56.46% to 56.99%. Besides, a higher total phytosterol and tocopherol content and DPPH scavenging capacity were obtained from the Valencia oil. Analyzing the study, it can be inferred that extraction method and variety both affect the composition of the peanut oil's bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. This information is relevant for extracting peanut oil with a greater level of compounds of industrial interest.

La fantasma de Valencia y las comedias de Fiestas del jardín de Alonso de Castillo Solórzano: hipótesis de datación y circunstancias de representación.

Alonso de Castillo Solórzano, prolific cultivator of the novelistic genre, gathered and published his work in miscellaneous volumes or colectáneas all along the XVII century. In these volumes, mainly formed by novels assembled in a narrative framework, dramatic pieces appear from time to time. This is the case of Fiestas del Jardín (1634), which alternates four plays written in prose and three comedies. We know about the last ones that they were brought to the stage by renowned authors of the time. However, the date of their composition remains unknown as well as the circumstances in which they were staged. It is our goal to shed light on these questions following the study of La fantasma de Valencia, one of the three aforementioned comedies.

Serología y lucha antivenérea en el Instituto de Transfusión Sanguínea de Valencia (1937-1938): María Hervás Moncho / Serology and venereal control at the Blood Transfusion Institute of Valencia (1937-1938): María Hervás Moncho

ABSTRACT: During the Spanish Civil War, military transfusion services appeared for the first time. In Barcelona and Valencia –two of the main strongholds of the Republican rear– blood transfusion institutes were set up during the struggle. The one in Valencia had, as an annex, a serology laboratory run by María Hervás Moncho (1894-1963). Hitherto unknown to historiography, this Valencian doctor had spent a long training period at the Pasteur Institute in Paris during the 1920s under the tutelage of the prestigious immunologist Alex-andre Besredka (1870-1940). The aim of this paper is to rescue the figure of María Hervás Moncho from historiographical oblivion, and to analyze her work as the leader of the laboratory of the Institute of Blood Transfusion in Valencia. Hervás was particularly interested in increasing the sensitivity of serological tests used in the diagnosis of syphilis in order to reduce the incidence of false negatives and, therefore, of possible post-transfusion infections. In order to achieve our purpose several archival, hemerographical and bibliographical sources, both manuscript and printed, have been consulted. These are enumerated in the introduction

RESUMEN: Durante la Guerra Civil Española aparecieron por primera vez los servicios militares de transfusión. En Barcelona y Valencia –dos de los principales bastiones de la retaguardia republicana– se habilitaron durante la contienda sendos institutos de transfusión sanguínea. El de Valencia disponía, anexo, de un laboratorio de serología dirigido por María Hervás Moncho (1894-1963). Desconocida por la historiografía, esta médica valenciana había realizado durante la década de 1920 una prolongada estancia de formación en el Ins-tituto Pasteur de París bajo la tutela del prestigioso inmunólogo Alexandre Besredka (1870-1940). El objetivo de este trabajo es rescatar del olvido historiográfico la figura de María Hervás Moncho, analizando su trabajo al frente del laboratorio del Instituto de TransfusiónSanguínea de Valencia. Hervás estaba especialmente interesada en aumentar la sensibilidad de las pruebas serológicas empleadas en el diagnóstico de la sífilis al objeto de disminuir la incidencia de falsos negativos y, por tanto, de eventuales contagios post-transfusio-nales. Para alcanzar los objetivos planteados se han consultado diversas fuentes archivísticas, hemerográficas y bibliográficas, tanto manuscritas como impresas, que se especifican en la introducción.

The Effect of the Valence of Imagined Contact with Immigrants onAdolescents’ Stereotype Content: The Importance of Perceived Typicality

En dos estudios, hemos examinado el efecto de la valencia del contacto intergrupal imaginado sobre el contenido de los estereotipos que mantienen los adolescentes españoles hacia inmigrantes ecuatorianos y marroquíes considerando el papel moderador de la tipicidad percibida y el origen étnico sobre este efecto. El Estudio 1 (N = 133) mostró que, solo para los marroquíes, cuando el compañero de interacción se percibía muy típico, los marroquíes se percibían más morales y sociables después de un contacto positivo imaginado que después de uno negativo. En contraste, cuando el compañero de interacción se percibía como atípico, los marroquíes se percibían más morales y sociables después de una interacción imaginada negativa que después de una positiva. El Estudio 2 (N = 113) reprodujo, en líneas generales, estos hallazgos, y confirmó el mayor efecto del contacto imaginado negativo sobre los estereotipos. Solo cuando el contacto imaginado era negativo y el compañero de interacción se percibía como típico, el contacto alteraba las percepciones de los adolescentes y disminuía la sociabilidad percibida de los marroquíes. Nuestros hallazgos ponen de manifiesto la dependencia del contexto del efecto de la valencia de contacto, así como la importancia de la tipicidad percibida para la generalización de sus efectos sobre el contenido de los estereotipos.(AU)

Across two studies, we examined the effect of imagined inter-group contact valence on Spanish adolescents’ stereotype content of Ec-uadorian and Moroccan immigrants considering the moderator role of per-ceived typicality and ethnic origin on this effect. Study 1 (N= 133) showed that, only for Moroccans, when the interaction partner was perceived as highly typical, Moroccans were perceived as more moral and sociable after an imagined positive contact than after a negative one. In contrast, when the interaction partner was perceived as atypical, Moroccans were per-ceived as more moral and sociable after a negative imagined interaction than after a positive one. Study 2 (N= 113) broadly replicated these find-ings and confirmed the stronger effect of negative imagined contact on stereotypes. Only when the imagined contact was negative and the interac-tion partner was perceived as typical, contact altered adolescents’ percep-tions and impaired Moroccans’ perceived sociability. Our findings highlight the context-dependency of the effect of contact valence and the im-portance of the perceived typicality for the generalization of its effects on stereotype content.

Water stress signaling and hydraulic traits in three congeneric citrus species under water deficit.

Morpho-physiological strategies to deal with water deficit vary among citrus species and the chemical signaling through ABA and anatomical, hydraulic, and physiological traits were evaluated in saplings of Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo and Valencia sweet orange. Trunk and roots of Swingle citrumelo presented lower vessel diameter and higher vessel frequency as compared to the other species. However, relative water content at the turgor loss point (RWCTLP), the osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψ0), the osmotic potential at the turgor loss point (ΨTLP), bulk modulus of elasticity (ε) and the xylem water potential when hydraulic conductivity is reduced by 50% (Ψ50) and 88% (Ψ88) indicated similar hydraulic traits among citrus species, with Rangpur lime showing the highest hydraulic safety margin. Roots of Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo were more water conductive than ones of Valencia sweet orange, which was linked to higher stomatal conductance. Chemical signaling through ABA prevented shoot dehydration in Rangpur lime under water deficit, with this species showing a more conservative stomatal behavior, sensing, and responding rapidly to low soil moisture. Taken together, our results suggest that Rangpur lime - the drought tolerant species - has an improved control of leaf water status due to chemical signaling and effective stomatal regulation for reducing water loss as well as decreased root hydraulic conductivity for saving water resources under limiting conditions.