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1.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 48(3): 257-270, jul.-sep. 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211339

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: La evolución de las técnicas quirúrgicas para rejuvenecimiento facial y cervical ha sido significativa en los últimos años. La elección de la técnica debe personalizarse según las características anatómicas del paciente. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar nuestra evaluación preoperatoria sistemática de pacientes que se someten a rejuvenecimiento quirúrgico de cara y cuello y nuestro diagrama de toma de decisiones. Material y método: Presentamos nuestra lista de verificación preoperatoria (subdividida en 9 pasos) para identificar variantes anatómicas y deformidades individuales. Mediante exploración física y valoración ecográfica de cara y cuello, predecimos algunas variables que pueden hacer que la cirugía sea más previsible y estandarizada. Para ello creamos 7 pasos para el Diagrama de Toma de Decisiones Preoperatorias en Cirugía de Rejuvenecimiento de Cara y Cuello. Resultados: Cincuenta y nueve pacientes se sometieron a técnicas de estiramiento profundo de cara y cuello entre enero de 2019 y junio de 2021 utilizando nuestro diagrama de toma de decisiones. Presentamos 2 casos clínicos demostrativos.Conclusiones: En este artículo explicamos por qué se deben ofrecer diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas a diferentes pacientes teniendo en cuenta sus necesidades individuales. Con esta lista de comprobación y diagrama de toma de decisiones, el cirujano plástico podrá tomar decisiones personalizadas antes de la cirugía, como la orientación de la movilización del colgajo SMAS, el tipo de tratamiento de la porción más anterior del platisma o la necesidad de abordaje y tratamiento de las estructuras cervicales subplatismales, a fin de reducir la consecución de resultados menos satisfactorios, los errores quirúrgicos y agilizar la cirugía. (AU)


Background and objective: The evolution of surgical techniques for facial and neck rejuvenation has been significant over the last years. The choice of technique must be personalized according to the patient's ana- tomical details and specificities to provide individual and personalized results. This work aims to expose our systematic preoperative evaluation of the patients that will be submitted to a face and neck surgical rejuvenation and our decision-making diagram. Methods: We present our preoperative evaluation checklist (subdivided into 9 steps) to recognize the individual anatomical variants and deformities. Using the physical exam and ultrasound evaluation of the face and neck we predict some variables that can make surgery more predictable and standardized. To do so we apply our 7 steps of pre-operative Decision Making Diagram of Face and Neck Rejuvenation Surgery. Results: Fifty-nine patients were submitted to face and neck lift between January 2019 and June 2021 using deep plane cervico-facial techniques according to our decision-making diagram. We demonstrate 2 clinical cases. Conclusions: In this paper, we explain why different surgical techniques should be offered to different patients considering their individual needs. Using this checklist and decision-making diagram the surgeon will be able to make individualized decisions before surgery, such as SMAS flap lift vector direction, the type of the platysma treatment or the need for deep platysmal structures approach and treatment. This work aims to reduce the likelihood of obtaining less satisfactory results by decreasing surgical errors and making the surgery faster. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Rejuvenescimento , Face/cirurgia , Pescoço/cirurgia , Exame Físico , Ultrassom , Liberação de Cirurgia
2.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 45(2): 129-134, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395028

RESUMO

Resumen: El conocimiento de la fisiopatología de las quemaduras son base del manejo perioperatorio. Todos los órganos y sistemas resultan alterados y los cambios hemodinámicos en la fase aguda se caracterizan por una disminución del gasto cardíaco. Después de seis días de la lesión, ocurre un nuevo cambio hemodinámico, esta fase es conocida como estado hipermetabólico y su duración está en relación con la extensión y profundidad de la lesión. La lesión por inhalación es un factor importante a considerar como mal pronóstico y, de igual manera, el número de comorbilidades y/o trauma asociado. Durante este segundo período, los anestesiólogos tienen una participación continua y estrecha. Los problemas farmacológicos, manejo de vía aérea, accesos vasculares, hipotermia, monitoreo y control del dolor, entre otros, se hacen muy marcados. Por último, la fase de secuelas acompaña al paciente para toda su vida y la magnitud de los daños, costos y discapacidad serán directamente relacionados con la atención administrada durante las primeras dos fases.


Abstract: Knowledge of the pathophysiology of burns is the basis of perioperative management. All organs and systems are altered and hemodynamic changes in the acute phase are characterized by a decrease in cardiac output. After six days of injury a new hemodynamic change occurs, this phase is known as hypermetabolic state and its duration is in relation to the extent and depth of the injury. Inhalation injury is an important factor to consider as a poor prognosis and also the number of associated comorbidities and/or trauma. During this second period the Anesthesiologists have a continuous and close participation. Pharmacological problems, airway management, vascular access, hypothermia, monitoring and pain control among others become very marked. Finally, the phase of sequelae is for life and the magnitude of damages, costs and disability will be directly related to the care administered during the first two phases.

3.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 43(2): 137-142, dic. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249994

RESUMO

Para evaluar la hemostasia preoperatoriamente una historia clínica y examen físico dirigidos están indicados, siendo el uso de pruebas de coagulación recomendados solo cuando existe alguna indicación, y no de rutina; OBJETIVO: el presente estudio pretende conocer la utilidad del TP y APTT en la valoración preoperatorio de coagulopatías en cirugías programadas menores y ambulatorias. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional en un hospital quirúrgico terciario; seleccionamos pacientes sometidos a procedimientos menores y ambulatorio, excluyendo aquellos con comorbilidades, riesgo quirúrgico de sangrado alto o con medicación que interfiera con la coagulación. RESULTADOS: se reclutaron 69 pacientes, se aplicó la historia clínica y el examen físico dirigido identificando 1 paciente sospechoso de trastorno de coagulación (posteriormente descartado); Se realizaron 218 exámenes complementarios: 69 rutinarios (TP, APTT, hemograma) y 149 no rutinarios (Indicados de forma arbitraria), obteniendo valores medios en rangos normales y no pudiendo identificar o descartar trastornos de coagulación con ellos, pero observando un 21% (15 casos) resultados anormales, lo que adicionalmente ocasiono conductas para confirmar o corregir estos valores, que van desde repetir la prueba a transfundir hemoderivados; generando un costo promedio global de 102 Bs. por paciente, sin un beneficio o cambio en la conducta clínica o quirúrgica, CONCLUSIÓN: el estudio estableció que las pruebas rutinarias de screening preoperatorio tienen poca utilidad y son poco costo-beneficiosas en la valoración de la hemostasia para procedimientos menores o ambulatorios, en comparación de una historia clínica y examen físico dirigido; siendo apropiada su indicación cuando existan hallazgos anormales en el examen físico e historia clínica o en base a enfermedades concomitantes.


To evaluate hemostasis preoperatively, a directed clinical history and physical examination are indicated, and the use of routine coagulation being recommended when there is some indication, and not routine; OBJECTIVE: the present study aims to know the usefulness of PT and APTT in the preoperative assessment of coagulopathies in scheduled minor and outpatient surgeries. METHODS: a prospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary surgical hospital; We select patients undergoing minor and outpatient procedures, excluding those with comorbidities, surgical risk of high bleeding, or with medication that interferes with coagulation. RESULTS: 69 patients were recruited, the clinical history and the directed physical examination were applied, identifying 1 patient suspected of coagulation disorder (later discarded); 218 complementary tests were performed: 69 routine (PT, APTT, blood count) and 149 non-routine (arbitrarily indicated), obtaining mean values in normal ranges and not being able to identify or rule out coagulation disorders with them, but observing 21% ( 15 cases) abnormal results (false positives), which additionally led to behaviors to confirm or correct these values, ranging from repeating the test to transfusing blood products; generating a global average cost of 102 Bs. per patient, without a benefit or change in clinical or surgical behavior. CONCLUSION: the study established that routine preoperative screening tests have little utility and are little cost-beneficial in the assessment of the hemostasis for minor or outpatient procedures, compared to a history and directed physical examination; its indication being appropriate when there are abnormal findings in the physical examination and clinical history or based on concomitant diseases.


Assuntos
Pediatria , Exame Físico , Tempo de Protrombina , Liberação de Cirurgia , Hemostasia
4.
Cir Esp (Engl Ed) ; 97(10): 582-589, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31585676

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Accurate quantification of the inflammatory activity in Crohn's Disease is essential to determine adequate treatment for each patient. The aim of the present study is to assess the correlation between the pre-operative Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity (MaRIA) and the histologic degree of inflammation from surgically resected intestinal Crohn's Disease lesions. METHODS: This is a prospective study including a consecutive case series of patients with small bowel Crohn's Disease, who underwent surgical resection. Magnetic resonance enterography was performed in the 3months prior to surgery, applying a pre-established protocol. Relative contrast enhancements, wall thickness, presence of edema or ulcerations were the parameters used to calculate the MaRIA Index. All patients underwent surgery and every specimen was analyzed. The modified Chiorean classification was applied for the histological analysis and an ordinal regression analysis was used to correlate MaRIA and the grade of inflammation for each lesion. RESULTS: 59 lesions from 35 different patients were analyzed. The degree of inflammation of the lesions was statistically correlated to the MaRIA values (P=.002). The MaRIA index was significantly different (P<.001) between the different histological types of the Crohn's Disease lesions (inflammatory/ fibrotic). The best cut-off for detecting severe inflammation using MaRIA was 20 (AUC: 0.741; 74.1% sensitivity and 78.1% specificity). CONCLUSION: MaRIA is a reliable tool to distinguish inflammatory from fibrotic lesions. Therefore, it could be considered essential for determining the most appropriate Crohn's Disease treatment for each patient.


Assuntos
Doença de Crohn/cirurgia , Enteropatias/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/instrumentação , Adolescente , Adulto , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Crohn/patologia , Feminino , Fibrose/diagnóstico por imagem , Fibrose/patologia , Humanos , Inflamação/diagnóstico por imagem , Inflamação/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto Jovem
5.
Gac Med Mex ; 155(3): 298-306, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31219462

RESUMO

Preoperative assessment in non-cardiac surgery is essential to reducing the rate of in-hospital complications. Its purpose is to identify patients with higher levels of risk. Preoperative assessment should not be restricted to cardiovascular aspects, but it should focus on all organs and systems and include medication reconciliation. The purpose of this article is to approach the performance of a preoperative assessment in non-cardiac surgery from the perspective of the internist, with the purpose to help prevent adverse events and improve the overall outcome.


La valoración preoperatoria en cirugía no cardiaca es fundamental para disminuir la tasa de complicaciones hospitalarias; su finalidad es identificar pacientes con riesgos mayores. La valoración preoperatoria no se debe limitar a los aspectos cardiovasculares, sino enfocarse en todos los órganos y sistemas e incluir la conciliación de medicamentos. El objetivo de este escrito es abordar la realización de una valoración preoperatoria en cirugía no cardiaca desde la perspectiva del médico internista, con el fin de ayudar a prevenir eventos adversos y mejorar el desenlace general.


Assuntos
Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos
6.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 155(3): 298-306, may.-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286507

RESUMO

Resumen La valoración preoperatoria en cirugía no cardiaca es fundamental para disminuir la tasa de complicaciones hospitalarias; su finalidad es identificar pacientes con riesgos mayores. La valoración preoperatoria no se debe limitar a los aspectos cardiovasculares, sino enfocarse en todos los órganos y sistemas e incluir la conciliación de medicamentos. El objetivo de este escrito es abordar la realización de una valoración preoperatoria en cirugía no cardiaca desde la perspectiva del médico internista, con el fin de ayudar a prevenir eventos adversos y mejorar el desenlace general.


Abstract Preoperative assessment in non-cardiac surgery is essential to reducing the rate of in-hospital complications. Its purpose is to identify patients with higher levels of risk. Preoperative assessment should not be restricted to cardiovascular aspects, but it should focus on all organs and systems and include medication reconciliation. The purpose of this article is to approach the performance of a preoperative assessment in non-cardiac surgery from the perspective of the internist, with the purpose to help prevent adverse events and improve the overall outcome.


Assuntos
Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle
7.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 61(4): 43-55, jul.-ago. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-977003

RESUMO

Resumen El envejecimiento de la población ha generado la necesidad de adecuar la valoración preoperatoria para el grupo de los adultos mayores, ya que además de las alteraciones fisiológicas consecuencia del envejecimiento, se añade la elevada comorbilidad y la presencia de síndromes geriátricos que deben considerarse para la estimación del riesgo quirúrgico, con el objetivo de disminuir complicaciones postoperatorias y favorecer la reintegración a su medio social en el menor tiempo posible y con el mayor grado de independencia. La valoración preoperatoria identificará en la anamnesis todas las comorbilidades y síndromes geriátricos que pueden impactar en el periodo perioperatorio. Deben solicitarse los estudios de laboratorio y gabinete indispensables para medir la severidad de enfermedades conocidas o establecer un nivel basal prequirúrgico, y de ninguna manera la edad justifica indicar pruebas extensas. Como en el adulto joven, la enfermedad cardiovascular es la comorbilidad más prevalente y es primordial su adecuada cuantificación. Un punto importante a determinar es el riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia renal aguda y se debe enfatizar en las medidas preventivas para limitar esta complicación. Una condición asociada a la enfermedad cardiovascular es el uso de antiagregantes plaquetarios o anticoagulantes orales cuyo empleo no debe retrasar los procedimientos quirúrgicos, por lo que su correcto empleo mejorará el desenlace posoperatorio. Finalmente, el riesgo geriátrico debe orientarse a una adecuada evaluación nutricional para la instauración temprana de alimentación adecuada. Debemos determinar el estado basal de la funcionalidad para el inicio de rehabilitación temprana. La evaluación neuropsicológica debe incluir la identificación de factores de riesgo para delirium, presencia de depresión, deterioro cognitivo y alteraciones en el patrón de sueño. También es primordial identificar al adulto mayor con fragilidad, así como evaluar y limitar la polifarmacia.


Abstract The aging population has generated the need to adequate the preoperative evaluation for this population group. In the older adult, in addition to the physiological alterations resulting from aging, the high comorbidity and the presence of geriatric syndromes were added. These should be considered for the estimation of surgical risk in order to reduce postoperative complications and help in the reintegration to their social environment in the shortest time possible and with the highest degree of independence. The preoperative assessment should identify in the anamnesis all the comorbidities and geriatric syndromes that could impact the perioperative period. Only indispensable laboratory and cabinet studies should be requested to measure the severity of known diseases or establish a pre-surgical baseline level and in no way does age justify extensive tests. As in young adults, the cardiovascular disease has the most prevalent comorbidity and its adequate quantification is essential.. An important aspect is to determine the risk of developing an acute renal failure, and the preventive measures should be emphasized to limit this complication. A condition associated with cardiovascular diseases is the use of antiplatelet agents or oral anticoagulants. This condition should not delay the surgical procedures. Therefore, their adequate correction should improve the postoperative outcome. Finally, the geriatric risk should be oriented to an adequate nutritional evaluation for an early implementation of adequate food consumption. We must determine the baseline state of the functionality to initiate an early rehabilitation. Neuropsychological assessment should include the identification of risk factors for delirium, depression, cognitive impairment and alterations of the sleep pattern. It is essential to identify fragility in the elderly, to evaluate and limit polypharmacy.

8.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 62 Suppl 1: 57-62, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26320346

RESUMO

Repairing hip fractures is one of the most common surgical procedures and has greater morbidity and mortality. This procedure is also a process that involves a greater need for blood products. Numerous factors influence morbidity, mortality and the use of blood products: patient age, concomitant diseases and drug treatments that change hemostasis and hemorrhaging (preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative), which are usually significant. On top of all this is the presence in a high percentage of cases of preoperative anemia, which can have one or more causes. It is therefore essential to establish an appropriate management of perioperative anemia and optimize the transfusion policy. The aim of this review is to briefly analyze the epidemiology of hip fractures as well as establish a basis for treating perioperative anemia and transfusion policies, proposing guidelines and recommendations for clinical management based on the most current studies.


Assuntos
Anemia/terapia , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Fixação de Fratura/efeitos adversos , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Anemia/diagnóstico , Anemia/etiologia , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Transfusão de Sangue , Eritropoetina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Hematínicos/uso terapêutico , Hemoglobinas/análise , Fraturas do Quadril/complicações , Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Humanos , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Ferro/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Erros Médicos/prevenção & controle , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Operatória/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Transferrina/análise , Vitaminas/sangue
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