Overview of histiocytic and dendritic disorders by the 5th version of WHO Classifi cation of Hematolymphoid Tumours from 2022.

BACKGROUND: Histiocytoses are rare disorders characterized by the accumulation of macrophages, dendritic cells, or monocyte-derived cells in various tissues and organs of children and adults, with a wide range of clinical manifestations, presentations, and histology. The histiocytoses are classified according to the WHO Classification, the last version of which was published in 2022, or according to the Histiocyte Society Classification, with the last version published in 2016. PURPOSE: This text provides an overview of histiocytoses as described in the WHO Classification 2022.

Impact of a regional simulation-based training course in the implementation of external cephalic version: Intervention study.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to assess whether a regional simulation-based training course in external cephalic version (ECV) would lead to the adoption of this technique in hospitals where it was not previously practiced, and to improve success rates in those already performing it. METHODS: This was an intervention study where two specialists in obstetrics and gynecology from 10 Portuguese public maternity hospitals attended a structured simulation-based training in ECV. Hospitals were categorized based on whether ECV was conducted prior to the training program, and on their annual number of deliveries. Main outcomes were the number of ECVs performed in the 2 years before and after the course, and their success rates. RESULTS: Implementation of ECV was achieved in four additional hospitals during the 2 years following the course. Among the three hospitals already performing ECV and able to report their data, no significant differences in success rates were observed in the 2 years following the course (45.6% vs. 47.9%, P = 0.797). After a successful ECV, 77.7% of women had a vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: A regional simulation-based training course in ECV led to an increase in the number of hospitals implementing the technique in the subsequent 2 years, but it did not impact the success rates in centers where it was already performed. This study highlights the potential of simulation-based courses in ECV, as well as the need to improve patients´ access to the technique and to centralize ECV services at a regional level.

Psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of alcohol relapse risk scale (C-ARRS) in patients with alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is recognized as a chronic relapsing disorder. Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale (ARRS), a multidimensionally self-rating scale, was developed initially by the Japanese to assess the risk of alcohol reuse. The study aimed to validate the reliability and factor structure of the Chinese version of the ARRS (C-ARRS) for patients with AUD. A total of 218 patients diagnosed with AUD according to DSM-5 were recruited for self-administering C-ARRS. We assessed the internal consistency of C-ARRS using Cronbach's α coefficients and examined the factor structure through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, we investigated the concurrent validity by correlating C-ARRS with the Visual Analog Scale of Alcohol Craving (VAS), Penn Alcohol Craving Score (PACS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. CFA demonstrated inadequate data fit for the original 32-item C-ARRS, prompting the development of a revised 27-item version consisting of 6 subscales with satisfactory model fit estimates. The 27-item C-ARRS exhibited favorable internal consistency, with Cronbach's α ranging from 0.611 to 0.798, along with adequate factor loadings. The 27-item C-ARRS scores displayed significant correlations with the scores of VAS, PACS, BDI and BAI (p < .001). Our results indicated favorable reliability and factor structure of the 27-item C-ARRS. The significant correlation between the 27-item C-ARRS and clinical measures (such as depression, anxiety, and craving) demonstrates satisfactory concurrent validity. These observations collectively support the feasibility of using 27-item C-ARRS to assess the risk of alcohol relapse in patients with AUD.

Determining the Normal Glenoid Version in the Indian Population.

Background Glenoid version refers to the angle subtended by the glenoid with the scapula. On average, it is 0 ± 10 degrees with a slight propensity toward retroversion. Numerous factors such the dominance(handedness), gender, ethnicity, and pathology are known to affect version. Version has important consequences on the biomechanics of the shoulder joint and is altered in those with arthritis and shoulder joint instability. Aim Our study aimed to determine the normal range of glenoid version in the population. Further, we aim to assess the relationship between gender and version. Settings and Design We conducted a retrospective observational study in a tertiary referral hospital with a target sample size of 200 shoulders. Methods and Materials The computed tomography images were retrospectively reviewed to determine the scapular shape and the glenoid version angle. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.22 software with p -value less than 0.05 considered as significant. Results The mean age of the individuals in our study was 44 years. In our study, irrespective of gender, most individuals had some degree of anteversion and males had lower degree of anteversion. Previous studies have shown that most normal individuals usually have retroverted shoulder joints. The mean glenoid version was significantly lower in the right than in the left shoulder and males had significantly lower mean glenoid version than females in both shoulders. Most individuals in our study had a flat scapular spine. Conclusion This study shows that the Indian population may have a slight propensity toward anteversion and this has an important bearing on shoulder arthroplasty. Further, this study shows that significantly lower degrees of version are found on the right side and that the degree of version is significantly lower in males. Understanding the role of glenoid version in shoulder biomechanics will go a long way in the early identification of pathology, the preoperative planning of shoulder arthroplasty, and the operative restoration of a functional shoulder joint.

The psychometric properties of the ADHD rating scale-5 for children and adolescents, home version for Sudan.

There is a lack of universal scales for tracking ADHD symptoms in the home for children/adolescents in the Sudanese context. For this reason, this study aimed to validate the ADHD Rating Scale-5 for Children and Adolescents, Home Version for use by parents in Sudan to assess their children for ADHD. This scale is widely used by parents to assess their children aged 5-17 years for ADHD in the home environment. The current study involved 3,742 Sudanese parents of school-aged children and adolescents, each asked to complete the instrument for one child in their family; only one parent per family participated in the study. The authors then examined the psychometric properties of the scale from the completed assessments. The results indicated acceptable to high reliability for the total scale and both the symptom and impairment items. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated high external and construct validity when applying the scale to the Sudanese sample. the factor structure resembled that of the normative U.S. sample in terms of the number of extractable factors and the strength of factor loadings. Based on the results, this adaptation of the home version of the ADHD Scale-5 for Children and Adolescents is both valid and reliable for use by Sudanese parents in the home environment.

Italian validation of a short version of the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire: Psychometric properties and relationships with self-esteem, eating self-efficacy, and snacking habits in university students.

Background: The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) is a widely used self-report measure of eating styles, i.e., emotional, restrained, and external. A short and reliable version is useful for screening, routine assessments, and multipurpose surveys. Objective: The short version of the DEBQ by Bailly et al. (2012) was validated in the Italian context in two studies. Concurrent criterion validity was tested by considering gender, body mass index, self-esteem, eating self-efficacy, and snacking habits. Method: Data were collected via online questionnaires administered to two convenience samples of university students (n = 613, n = 856). Results: The three-factor structure of the short version of the DEBQ was supported and was invariant across genders. Correlations among the three eating styles, gender, body mass index, self-esteem, eating self-efficacy, and snacking habits followed the expected pattern. Conclusion: The short form of the DEBQ is psychometrically sound and can be used to investigate eating styles among Italian university students.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Lower Back Pain and Neck Pain Among Medical Students at Al-Baha University.

Introduction In recent years, the increased use of smartphones has adversely affected students, leading to issues like musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, our objective was to assess the correlation between smartphone addiction and neck and lower back pain. Methodology An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia. The Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV) was used to measure the level of smartphone addiction while the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was utilized to evaluate musculoskeletal pain. Results Smartphone addiction was prevalent in 72% of the participants (n = 293). Significantly, lower back pain was associated with smartphone addiction (p-value = 0.004). However, none of the demographic characteristics were associated with neck or lower back pain (p-value > 0.05). Students in clinical years had a higher risk of neck pain than those in an internship (p-value = 0.048). Conclusion Almost two-thirds of the students were addicted to smartphones, with a significant association with lower back pain. Students addicted to their smartphones had a higher risk of developing lower back pain, while clinical-year students had a higher risk of developing neck pain. It's important to raise awareness about the health and safety dangers linked to smartphones and other devices.

External cephalic version following prior cesarean delivery: A comparative cohort analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) in pregnant women with a history of previous cesarean section, as well as to describe the rate of complications associated with the procedure. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of women who were offered an ECV at "Virgen de la Arrixaca" Clinic University Hospital (Murcia, Spain) between January 2014 and December 2023. We collected data for previous cesarean delivery, obstetric history, fetal presentation, amniotic fluid volume, ECV success rate, complications related to ECV, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes. The study confidently performed ECV under sedation with propofol and tocolysis with ritodrine. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the success rate of ECV, ECV complications, and mode of delivery between women with and without previous cesarean sections. RESULTS: Of 1116 pregnant women who were offered ECV, 911 were included in the study, with 42 having a previous cesarean section. The success rate of ECV in pregnant women with a previous cesarean section was 78.6% (adjusted odds ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval 0.49-2.86; P = 0.708), with a low complication rate of 9.5%, such as non-reassuring fetal heart rate (7.1%) or major vaginal bleeding (2.4%). Of the women who attempted a vaginal delivery after ECV, 80.8% were successful. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support that ECV is a safe and effective option for women with a previous cesarean section, with success rates comparable to those in women without a previous cesarean section.

The working alliance inventory - short version: psychometric properties of the patient and therapist form in youth mental health and addiction care.

The therapeutic alliance is considered to play an important role in youth treatment. The commonly used versions of the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) are based on Bordin's three-dimensional alliance model. However, previous psychometric studies of the WAI did not find this three-dimensional structure in youth psychotherapy. These earlier findings may indicate different perceptions of the alliance by adolescent versus adult patients, but may also be due to methodological shortcomings. The current study aims to address previous study limitations by evaluating the factor structure of the short version of the WAI (WAI-S) in youth treatment in multilevel analysis to address the hierarchical structure of the alliance data. We examined the psychometric properties of the patient (n = 203) and therapist (n = 62) versions of the WAI-S in youth mental health and addiction care and tested four multilevel models of alliance at start of treatment and 2-month follow-up. Our results suggests a two-factor model for youth and a three-dimensional model for their therapist at both time points. Since this is the first study that finds a best fit for a two-dimensional construct of alliance in youth, more research is needed to clarify whether the differences in alliance dimensions are due to measurement differences between the WAI-S for youth and therapists or whether youth and their therapists truly differ in their perceptions of the concept of alliance.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) for Chinese community-dwelling residents: A cross-sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: To cross-culturally adapt the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) and verify the reliability and validity of its cognitive activity domain. METHODS: According to Beaton's guidelines, the ANU-ADRI was were translated into Chinese. The psychometric properties of ANU-ADRI its cognitive activity was conducted among community-dwelling residents (n = 442) in Changchun, Harbin and Hegang from December 2021 to July 2023. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the ANU-ADRI had good content validity and face validity. Exploratory factor analysis of cognitive activity revealed a 3-factor structure, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 64.124 %. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good model fit (x2/df = 1.664, RMSEA = 0.055, RMR = 0.090, GFI = 0.942, CFI = 0.919, IFI = 0.921, TLI = 0.902, and NFI = 0.824). The internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.807) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.787) were considered satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The ANU-ADRI showed acceptable reliability and validity for assessing risk factors for Alzheimer's disease among middle-aged and elderly community-dwelling residents.

An In-Vitro Comparison of Mixed Reality Navigation to Traditional Freehand and Patient Specific Instrumentation Techniques for Glenoid Guide Pin Insertion during Shoulder Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Accurate insertion of the glenoid guide pin in shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is important for obtaining optimized glenoid component position and orientation. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of three glenoid guide pin insertion techniques: 1) traditional software planning using freehand guide pin insertion (freehand), 2) guide pin insertion utilizing patient-specific instrumentation (PSI), and 3) using a mixed reality navigation (MR-NAV) system. METHODS: Twenty (20) computer tomography (CT) scans were obtained from patients exhibiting glenoid erosion patterns according to the Walch and Favard classifications. Cases were planned using validated three-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning software. The CT data was then used to 3D print triplicate plastic models of each glenoid to evaluate the three guide pin insertion techniques. The first technique employed traditional software planning with freehand guide pin insertion. The second method used preoperatively planned PSI guides, while the third utilized a MR-NAV system, which provided real-time holographic guidance during guide pin insertion. Once all guide pins had been inserted into the models, an independent optical tracking system and custom digitization device was used to quantify the position and orientation of each guide pin relative to the glenoid. The outcomes for this study included the absolute mean error in guide pin inclination, version, and entry point relative to the preoperative plan. The absolute Total Global Error was also assessed, which was defined as the sum of the absolute guide pin orientation and position error relative to the preoperative plan. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between MR-NAV and PSI were found for the inclination error (2±1° versus 2±1°; P=0.056), version error (1±1° versus 1±1°; P=1.000), and Total Global Error (5±1 [mm+deg] versus 5±1 [mm+deg], P=1.000), respectively. The freehand technique produced significantly greater error than MR-NAV and PSI for inclination (5±3°, P≤0.017), version (4±3°, P≤0.032) and Total Global Error (8±3 [mm+deg], P<0.001). No statistically significant differences in the entry point error were observed between all guide pin insertion methods (P≥0.058). DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that the precision and accuracy of MR-NAV is comparable to PSI and superior to a freehand technique for glenoid guide pin insertion in-vitro. Further study is needed to compare the accuracy of these techniques intra-operatively, in addition to assessing a potential learning curve between surgeons of varying experience with the MR-NAV system.

YouTube as a Source of Patient Information on External Cephalic Version: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: With the global increase of cesarean deliveries, breech presentation is the third indication for elective cesarean delivery. Implementation of external cephalic version (ECV), in which the position of the baby is manipulated externally to prevent breech presentation at term, remains suboptimal. Increasing knowledge for caretakers and patients is beneficial in the uptake of ECV implementation. In recent decades, the internet has become the most important source of information for both patients and health care professionals. However, the use and availability of the internet also bring about concerns since the information is often not regulated or reviewed. Information needs to be understandable, correct, and easily obtainable for the patient. Owing to its global reach, YouTube has great potential to both hinder and support spreading medical information and can therefore be used as a tool for shared decision-making. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the available information on YouTube about ECV and assess the quality and usefulness of the information in the videos. METHODS: A YouTube search was performed with five search terms and the first 35 results were selected for analysis. A quality assessment scale was developed to quantify the accuracy of medical information of each video. The main outcome measure was the usefulness score, dividing the videos into useful, slightly useful, and not useful categories. The source of upload was divided into five subcategories and two broad categories of medical or nonmedical. Secondary outcomes included audience engagement, misinformation, and encouraging or discouraging ECV. RESULTS: Among the 70 videos, only 14% (n=10) were defined as useful. Every useful video was uploaded by educational channels or health care professionals and 80% (8/10) were derived from a medical source. Over half of the not useful videos were uploaded by birth attendants and vloggers. Videos uploaded by birth attendants scored the highest on audience engagement. The presence of misinformation was low across all groups. Two-thirds of the vloggers encouraged ECV to their viewers. CONCLUSIONS: A minor percentage of videos about ECV on YouTube are considered useful. Vloggers often encourage their audience to opt for ECV. Videos with higher audience engagement had a lower usefulness score compared to videos with lower audience engagement. Sources from medically accurate videos should cooperate with sources with high audience engagement to contribute to the uptake of ECV by creating more awareness and a positive attitude of the procedure, thereby lowering the chance for a cesarean delivery due to breech presentation at term.

Validation of the Indian (Hindi) version of the life-space assessment scale among community-dwelling older adults: a multicentric cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The Life-Space Assessment (LSA) is an instrument that measures mobility in older adults as they reach different areas, defined as life-spaces extending from home to beyond towns or regions. The purpose of the study was to develop the Hindi version of the LSA (LSA- H) and to investigate the validity and reliability of the Hindi version as well as its cultural adaptation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of two hundred forty-five older adults participated in the study from four different study practice areas. Following forward backwards translation, the LSA-H was developed, and the scores were correlated with those of the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale Hindi (ABC- H), the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF Questionnaire and the Geriatric Depression Scale: Short Form Hindi (GDS-SFH) to test the criterion and concurrent validity. RESULTS: The mean score and standard deviation of the LSA-H questionnaire were 56.53 ± 35.99, those of the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF instrument were 18.54 ± 7.87, those of the GDS-SFH questionnaire were 6.95 ± 4.21 and those of the ABC- H questionnaire were 54.40 ± 28.96. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the LSA-H score and ABC-H score was 0.707 (p value < 0.0001), that between the LSA-H score and the Physical Health Subscale of the WHO-BREF was 0.766 (p value < 0.0001), and that between the LSA-H score and GDS-SFG score was - 0.674 (p value < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the Hindi version of the LSA is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing living space among older adults in the Hindi language in an Indian population. Furthermore, the LSA-H was significantly correlated with other health assessment tools in terms of functional mobility, general health status and mental well-being.

The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF): German Translation and Psychometric Assessment.

BACKGROUND: German-speaking mothers have breastfeeding rates below the international breastfeeding recommendations. Previous research has found that breastfeeding self-efficacy is an important and modifiable predictor of breastfeeding outcomes, thus improving breastfeeding rates. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF) is used in many countries to assess maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. This instrument has not been available in German. RESEARCH AIMS: To translate the BSES-SF into German and assess its psychometric properties among breastfeeding mothers up to 12 weeks postpartum. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted online with 355 breastfeeding mothers recruited from breastfeeding groups through Facebook. The BSES-SF was translated into German using forward and back-translation. To test reliability, item-total characteristics, including Cronbach's alpha, were examined. We used principal component analysis, as well as known-groups comparisons for evaluating construct validity, and examined the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and demographic variables. RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 32.4 years (SD = 4.32). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .88 and corrected item-total correlations ranged between .37 and .73. Principal components analysis yielded one component with factor loadings >.40 and an eigenvalue of 5.62, which explained 40% of the total variance. In addition, known group comparisons provided further evidence for construct validity. There was no significant difference in BSES-SF scores in terms of demographic and obstetrics characteristics. CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence that the German version of the BSES-SF is a reliable and valid tool for measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy among mothers in German-speaking countries.

Individual Bilateral Difference of Femur, Tibia, and Leg Rotation: A Clinical Study of 141 Healthy Japanese Individuals Using Computed Tomography.

Background The malrotation of a femur and tibial fracture after surgery has been described in many articles. However, these studies have not considered individual bilateral differences (IBDs). The IBD of femur and tibial rotation has been identified via computed tomography (CT) in recent American studies. The IBD in rotation should be considered during femur and tibial surgery. However, IBDs in femur and tibial rotation remain unknown in the Japanese population. This study aimed to evaluate the rotation of the femur, knee, tibia, and leg, sex differences, and IBD in rotation among Japanese individuals with healthy bones by using CT analysis. Materials and methods In total,141 patients who underwent CT angiography or venography were included (70 men, 71 women; mean age, 44.7 years). The bilateral axial femur, knee, tibia, and leg rotation alignment were independently measured. The distribution, sex, and IBD were analyzed. The IBD in rotation had two statistical factors: absolute bilateral difference (ABD) and relative bilateral difference (RBD). Results The mean ABD of femur rotation was 6.5°, and the distribution of ABD of femur rotation ≤15° was 95%. The mean ABD of tibia rotation was 5.1°, and the distribution of ABD of tibia rotation ≤10° was 89%. The RBD of femur rotation was not significantly different between the right and left sides. The RBD of tibia rotation showed a higher mean external rotation of 3.3° on the right side (<0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficients of the femur, knee, tibia, and leg rotation between the right and left sides were high (r= 0.702-0.81; all, p<0.001). All elements of rotation showed significant differences between men and women, whereas the ABD and RBD of all elements showed no significant difference. Conclusion The distributions of ABD in femur and tibia rotation supported the previous definition of an acceptable rotation difference between the normal and fractured femur and tibia of ≤15°and ≤10°, respectively. The possibility of higher external rotation on the right side needs to be taken into account during tibial surgery.

External cephalic version - single-center experience.

OBJECTIVES: External cephalic version (ECV) is an alternative to caesarean section for abnormal fetal position. ECV is recommended by the most important scientific committees in the world. ECV complications are rare and occur in 6.1% of cases, however severe complications requiring urgent caesarean section are found in less than 0.4%. Our aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of ECV and to present our own experience with the procedure of ECV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ECV was performed on 62 patients (32 nulliparas and 30 multiparas). Qualification criteria included: singleton gestation, gestational age > 36 + 6, longitudinal pelvic lie, no uterine contractions, intact membranes. Indications for immediate cesarean section within 24 hours of ECV were considered a procedural complication. In patients with complications, the condition of the newborn was checked according to the APGAR score and the day of discharge of the mother and child from the maternity ward was analyzed. RESULTS: ECV finished successfully in 66.1% (nulliparas 56.2% and multiparas 76.7%). Patients with a successful ECV were significantly older and had higher median gestational age. ECV was more often successful when placenta was located on the posteriori wall. In our patients, there were 4 cases of complications requiring delivery at the time of ECV. No serious consequences associated with increased maternal or neonatal morbidity or mortality were reported. CONCLUSIONS: ECV seems to be a safe alternative for women wishing to deliver vaginally, as this procedure does not increase the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes.

Clinical reappraisal of the composite international diagnostic interview version 3.3 in Qatar's National Mental Health Study.

OBJECTIVES: Lifetime DSM-5 diagnoses generated by the lay-administered Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-5 (CIDI) in the World Mental Health Qatar (WMHQ) study were compared to diagnoses based on blinded clinician-administered reappraisal interviews. METHODS: Telephone follow-up interviews used the non-patient edition of the Structured Clinician Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) oversampling respondents who screened positive for five diagnoses in the CIDI: major depressive episode, mania/hypomania, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Concordance was also examined for a diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder based on a short-form versus full version of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). RESULTS: Initial CIDI prevalence estimates differed significantly from the SCID for most diagnoses ( χ 1 2 ${\chi }_{1}^{2}$  = 6.6-31.4, p = 0.010 < 0.001), but recalibration reduced most of these differences and led to consistent increases in individual-level concordance (AU-ROC) from 0.53-0.76 to 0.67-0.81. Recalibration of the short-form PCL-5 removed an initially significant difference in PTSD prevalence with the full PCL-5 (from χ 1 2 ${\chi }_{1}^{2}$  = 610.5, p < 0.001 to χ 1 2 ${\chi }_{1}^{2}$  = 2.5, p = 0.110) while also increasing AU-ROC from 0.76 to 0.81. CONCLUSIONS: Recalibration resulted in valid diagnoses of common mental disorders in the Qatar National Mental Health Survey, but with inflated prevalence estimates for some disorders that need to be considered when interpreting results.

Validation of the Lithuanian version of the Prolapse Quality-of-Life questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to translate and validate the Lithuanian version of the Prolapse Quality-of-Life (P-QOL) questionnaire. METHODS: The P-QOL questionnaire was translated into Lithuanian and administered to women recruited from a gynaecology outpatient clinic at a tertiary referral centre. The scores of the final version were compared in symptomatic (n = 137) and asymptomatic (n = 137) women and with findings on vaginal examination using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification system. The reliability was assessed by calculating Cronbach's alpha and by performing a test-retest analysis. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in median score for each P-QOL domain between symptomatic and asymptomatic women (p < 0.001). P-QOL scores correlated significantly with the stage of urogenital prolapse in most domains. High internal consistency was shown in all domains with a Cronbach's alpha range of 0.775 to 0.958, except for the "social limitations" domain, which was shown to be acceptable (0.647). Test-retest reliability was also high in all domains (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Lithuanian version of the P-QOL questionnaire has proven to be a valid, reliable and easily comprehensible instrument for assessing symptom severity and impact on the quality of life of Lithuanian-speaking women with urogenital prolapse.

Evaluation of activities of daily living using an electronic version of the Longshi Scale in patients with stroke: reliability, consistency, and preference.

BACKGROUND: The Longshi Scale is a pictorial assessment tool for evaluating activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with stroke. The paper-based version presents challenges; thus, the WeChat version was created to enhance accessibility. Herein, we aimed to validate the inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities of the WeChat version of the Longshi Scale and explore its potential clinical applications. METHODS: We recruited 115 patients with stroke in the study. The ADL results of each patient were assessed using both the WeChat and paper-based version of the Longshi Scale; each evaluation was conducted by 28 health professionals and 115 caregivers separately. To explore the test-retest reliability of the WeChat version, 22 patients were randomly selected and re-evaluated by health professionals using the WeChat version. All evaluation criteria were recorded, and all evaluators were surveyed to indicate their preference between the two versions. RESULTS: Consistency between WeChat and the paper-based Longshi Scale was high for ADL scores by health professionals (ICC2,1 = 0.803-0.988) and caregivers (ICC2,1 = 0.845-0.983), as well as for degrees of disability (κw = 0.870 by professionals; κw = 0.800 by caregivers). Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant discrepancies. The WeChat version exhibited good test-retest reliability (κw = 0.880). The WeChat version showed similar inter-rater reliability in terms of the ADL score evaluated using the paper-based version (ICC2,1 = 0.781-0.941). The time to complete assessments did not differ significantly, although the WeChat version had a shorter information entry time (P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: -43.463 to -15.488). Health professionals favored the WeChat version (53.6%), whereas caregivers had no significant preference. CONCLUSIONS: The WeChat version of the Longshi Scale is reliable and serves as a suitable alternative for health professionals and caregivers to assess ADL levels in patients with stroke. The WeChat version of the Longshi Scale is considered user-friendly by health professionals, although it is not preferred by caregivers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen (approval number: 20210812003-FS01) and registered on the Clinical Trial Register Center website: clinicaltrials.gov on January 31, 2022 (registration no.: NCT05214638).