Clinical and gross pathologic findings of complicated vertical fissures with digital dermatitis in a dairy herd.

Careful antemortem examination and interpretation of findings, assisted by good clinical records, do much to throw light on the nature of vertical fissure in cattle. During an eight month period of investigation, 13 (3.2%) lame cows with vertical fissure out of 52 Holstein cows with different claw fissures were selected for clinical and gross pathological purposes in a commercial dairy farm with 400 milking cows in Nazarabad, Iran. The cows were 2.5 to10.5 years old. The prevalence rate of vertical fissure was 3.2 per cent. The prevalence rate of claw lesion in the hind limb (69.2%) was higher than that of fore limb (30.7%). The type of vertical fissures were 4 (38.4%), 5 (23.0%), 2 (23.0%) and 3 (15.3%), respectively. Locomotion scoring assessment of 13 culled lame cows showed score ranged from grade 3 (30.7%) to 4 (61.5%). The herd had endemic digital dermatitis infection with prevalence in the adult herd of over 34.2%. The affected claws were more boxy than normal and the abaxial wall was convex in all directions. The lame cows had typical stance such as hobbyhorse or cross legged stance. This study shows that more research is needed both on the economic impact of vertical fissures in dairy cows and on the microbiological study of spirochaetes of the genus Treponema. This study recommends that owners of dairy farm should try to control digital dermatitis with preventative herd strategies.

Analysis of Eyelid Crease Position in Children

The position of the upper lid crease is important factor in the reconstruction for lid anomaly and cosmetic defect. We were determined the proportions of the upper lid contour based on the following measurements in 115 children with bilateral lid crease and divided into 4 groups according to patient's eye(group I: below 4 years, group II: 5 ~ 7 years. group III: 8 ~ 10 years. group IV: 11 ~ 15 years); lashline-lid crease(LC), lashline-lower brow(LB), vertical fissure(VF), horizontal fissure(HF). All measured values(LC, LB, VF, HF) were increased with age(p<0.05). VF/HF and LC/LB ratio were not statistically significantly different between each age group. We concluded that when eye open, normal upper eyelid crease position was less than one fourth in I, II group. but approximately one fourth in III, IV group, and when eye closed, upper eyelid crease position is less than one third in I, II group but about one third in III, IV group.