Nursing Care Disparities in Neonatal Intensive Care Units.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the variation across neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in missed nursing care in disproportionately black and non-black-serving hospitals. To analyze the nursing factors associated with missing nursing care. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Survey of random samples of licensed nurses in four large U.S. states. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective, secondary analysis of 1,037 staff nurses in 134 NICUs classified into three groups based on their percent of infants of black race. Measures included the average patient load, individual nurses' patient loads, professional nursing characteristics, nurse work environment, and nursing care missed on the last shift. DATA COLLECTION: Survey data from a Multi-State Nursing Care and Patient Safety Study were analyzed (39 percent response rate). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The patient-to-nurse ratio was significantly higher in high-black hospitals. Nurses in high-black NICUs missed nearly 50 percent more nursing care than in low-black NICUs. Lower nurse staffing (an additional patient per nurse) significantly increased the odds of missed care, while better practice environments decreased the odds. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses in high-black NICUs face inadequate staffing. They are more likely to miss required nursing care. Improving staffing and workloads may improve the quality of care for the infants born in high-black hospitals.

Review of mortality of very low birthweight infants at the University Hospital of the West Indies over the past four decades / Examen de la mortalidad en neonatos de peso muy bajo al nacer en el Hospital de West Indies en las últimas cuatro décadas

A review of two previously published studies done at the University Hospital of the West Indies, an unpublished study and annual perinatal statistics was conducted to detect trends in the mortality of very low birthweight infants at the institution over four decades. Mortality decreased from 54% to 38% over the time period, the decrease was greater for infants weighing 1001-1500 g (40%) than those weighing ≤ 1000 g (28%). Despite increased access to mechanical ventilation over time, there was no appreciable decrease in mortality for infants weighing ≤ 750 g. There was a statistically significant decrease in mortality with increasing birthweight for the time period 1987-2002, p < 0.001. The mean ± SD weight of survivors 1.18 ± 0.24 kg was significantly greater than that for non-survivors 0.89 ± 0.21 kg for the same period. Further decrease in mortality of very low birthweight infants will involve measures aimed at decreasing mortality in infants weighing ≤ 750 g and increasing the availability of parenteral nutrition and the accessibility of surfactant.

Se llevó a cabo un examen de dos estudios previamente publicados realizados en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies, un estudio inédito, y las estadísticas perinatales anuales, con el propósito de detectar las tendencias en la mortalidad de los neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer en la institución en un período de cuatro décadas. La mortalidad disminuyó de 54% a 38% durante ese periodo de tiempo. La disminución fue mayor para los infantes que pesaban 1001-1500 g (40%) que para aquellos que pesaban ≤ 1000 g (28%). A pesar del aumento del acceso a la ventilación mecánica con el tiempo, no se produjo una disminución apreciable en la mortalidad de infantes cuyo peso era ≤ 750 g. Hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la mortalidad en relación con el aumento del peso en el período de 1987-2002, p < 0.001. El peso ± SD promedio de los sobrevivientes (1.18 ± 0.24 kg) fue significativamente mayor que el de los no sobrevivientes (0.89 ± 0.21 kg) para el mismo periodo. Una ulterior disminución de la mortalidad en neonatos de muy bajo peso al nacer implicará medidas encaminadas a disminuir la mortalidad en neonatos de peso ≤ 750 g y a aumentar la disponibilidad de la nutrición parenteral y la accesibilidad de los surfactantes.