RESUMO
Pain evaluation during local injections is a complex process. Injections cause patient's distress, especially when the target is a sensitive area such as scalp. Nonpharmacological methods as vibration before and during the procedure have been used to reduce pain. Mesotherapy has become a popular nonsurgical procedure for nonscarring alopecia, such as androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and alopecia areata (AA). Vibration has been successfully used in dermatological procedures, pediatrics, and dentistry. No study was found on vibration anesthesia during scalp mesotherapy. To analyze the effect of a vibration anesthetic device (VAD) during scalp mesotherapy on the patients' comfort.This is a randomized split-scalp study; thirty patients received mesotherapy with or without VAD on half of their scalp. Numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to measure self-reported pain. To test difference in means and medians in comparing device use and by treatment (AGA or AA), Student's t tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used. Overall mean pain score on the no vibration-assisted side was 8.0 ± 1.0 while pain score for the vibration side was 2.3 ± 1.5, for AGA (P < .001) and 7.4 ± 1.2 and 2.1 ± 1.3, respectively, for AA (P < .001). Findings were similar for medians. No complications were found following procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing the effect of VAD in patients undergoing scalp mesotherapy. The VAD technique was found to be safe, effective, simple, and suitable for scalp procedures.
Assuntos
Alopecia em Áreas , Anestésicos , Mesoterapia , Alopecia/tratamento farmacológico , Anestésicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Humanos , Mesoterapia/efeitos adversos , Dor , Couro CabeludoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is one of the most studied Neotropical primates regarding reproduction. However, little has been reported on the black-tufted-ear marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), which may produce fertile hybrids with other Callithrix. This is the first study to evaluate sperm freezing from black-tufted-ear marmoset. METHODS: Testicles from all animals were measured, and semen was collected by penile vibrostimulation. Samples were analyzed after collection, after chilling and addition of glycerol, and after thawing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Fresh semen from both species was similar in many aspects. Additionally, there is a relationship between total motility, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity observed in sperm samples from both species. We managed to evaluate fresh and thawed sperm with suitable methods for use under zoo or field conditions. However, TEST egg yolk with glycerol at 4% and 6% concentration was not effective for sperm protection in both species during cryopreservation.
Assuntos
Callithrix/fisiologia , Criopreservação/veterinária , Sêmen/química , Espermatozoides , Animais , Criopreservação/métodos , MasculinoRESUMO
Se evaluó la eficacia de la técnica de estimulación vibratoria del pene (EVP) para obtener semen en quince especímenes de S. leucopus bajo condiciones de cautiverio, en cuatro diferentes sitios en Colombia. Adicionalmente, se estandarizó la técnica EVP y se determinaron algunas características seminales (color, viscosidad, volumen, pH, motilidad, morfología, viabilidad, concentración y morfometría espermática). Se empleó clorhidrato de ketamina a dosis entre 5 y 10 mg/kg I.M. para la sedación previa al muestreo a fin de disminuir el estrés de la captura y del procedimiento, ya que los especímenes no estaban acostumbrados o entrenados para procesos de obtención de muestras biológicas. En el uso de la técnica se logró un 52,6% de éxito en la combinación de 90 Hz de vibración y 1 mm de amplitud; el tiempo de eyaculación promedio fue de 12:35±6:42 minutos; el pH, 7,5±0,26; el volumen, 24±18,82 µl; la motilidad masal fue de 3,7/5,0±0,5; la motilidad individual progresiva, 97,1±45,4%; la concentración espermática fue de 87.617±21.327 x 10(4) spz/µl; la normalidad fue del 69,3±11,06% y la viabilidad del 93,7±4,9%. Las características seminales fueron similares a las reportadas en otras especies de callitríchidos y obtenidas por la misma técnica. Se empleó satisfactoriamente el diluyente Talp-Hepes y el cual no afectó las características antes descritas. La EVP es un método innovador, replicable, viable y seguro para la obtención de semen en S. leucopus y a otros callitríchidos bajo sedación con ketamina en condiciones de cautiverio.
The efficacy of the penile vibratory stimulation (PVS) for semen collection was evaluated in fifteen (15) specimens of white-footed tamarin (S. leucopus), held in captivity, at four different locations. Additionally the technique was standardized for semen collection in this species and seminal characteristics, color, viscosity, volume, pH, motility, morphology, viability, sperm concentration and morphometry were also evaluated. Ketamine hydrochloride was used at a dose between 5 to 10 mg/Kg for sedation and semen sampling. The technique was successful in 52.6% of the animals using the combination of 90 Hertz of vibration and 1 mm of amplitude; time of ejaculation was 12:3 ±6:42 minutes. Seminal characteristics were: pH of 7.5±0.26; volume of 24±18.82 µl; masal motility of 3.7/5.0±0.5; progressive motility of 97.1±45.4%; sperm concentration of 87,617±21,327 x 10(4)spz/µl; normal morphology 69.3±11.06% and viability of 93.7±4.9%. Talp-Hepes extender was satisfactorily used and it did not appear to affect seminal characteristics. The PVS is an innovating, replicable, viable and safe method for obtain semen in S. leucopus and perhaps in other callitrichids under ketamine sedation and in captivity.