Evaluation of the reliability and accuracy of YouTube™ and TikTok™ contents about storage media for avulsed teeth: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The preservation of avulsed teeth is critical in dental trauma management, necessitating effective storage media to ensure viable tooth reimplantation. The urgent need for accurate information has led both professional and non-professional individuals to increasingly seek guidance from video-sharing platforms such as YouTube™ and TikTok™. These platforms have become key resources for advice on such dental emergencies, but the reliability and accuracy of this information have not yet been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to assess the quality, accuracy, and reliability YouTube™ and TikTok™ of videos regarding storage solutions for avulsion injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search was conducted on YouTube™ and TikTok™ on February 4th, 2023, using terms related to traumatic dental injuries, and 53 videos were included. Video demographics such as platform, duration, type, upload date, likes, and comments were recorded. Video content quality, reliability, and accuracy were measured using the Global Quality Scale (GQS), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, and Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI). Research data were analyzed using SPSS IBM 24.0 at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: In total, 53 videos were examined. The average scores were JAMA: 1.70/4.00, modified DISCERN: 54.3/80.00, GQS: 3.88/5.00, and VIQI: 13.8/20.00. According to the modified DISCERN index, there were no "very poor" or "poor" quality videos, 49.05% were "moderate," 22.6% were "good," and 28.3% were "very good." No difference was found between YouTube™ and TikTok™ videos in terms of the modified DISCERN index, JAMA scores, GQS, and VIQI scoring (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Traumatic dental injuries are a common problem among children, and evaluating the reliability of available contents is becoming crucial for appropriate intervention. The study reveals that despite being sourced mainly from dental professionals, the overall quality of videos on avulsed tooth management was mediocre, underscoring the risks associated with misleading or incomplete information in such critical situations.

Uso de telas por crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados: percepção dos cuidadores / Screen use by hospitalized children and adolescents: caregivers' perception

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar o tempo de uso de telas por crianças e adolescentes nos contextos domiciliar e hospitalar sob a percepção de seus cuidadores. Foi realizada pesquisa exploratória e transversal com abordagem quantitativa em um hospital público e universitário de uma capital brasileira. Para coleta de dados, foram aplicados dois questionários aos cuidadores: com questões socioeconômicas e da internação e questões sobre o tempo de uso de telas em casa e no hospital e a percepção deles a esse respeito. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e inferencial para análise de dados. Participaram do estudo 40 cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados, a maioria do sexo feminino (90%, n=36). Quanto à caracterização das crianças e adolescentes, a maioria era do sexo masculino (55%, n=22), com idade entre 8 meses e 17 anos. Sobre o motivo das internações, identificou-se que 40% (n=16) delas foram ocasionadas por doenças da pele e tecido subcutâneo, e o tempo de internação variou de 1 a 37 dias, com média de 11 dias. Os resultados obtidos indicaram tempo de uso de telas superior ao recomendado, embora não tenha sido constatada diferença significativa entre o tempo de uso em casa e no hospital, entre os dias da semana e/ou entre os tipos de tela. Em relação à percepção dos cuidadores, observou-se que parte deles acredita que o tempo de uso de telas é adequado, indicando a necessidade de sua maior capacitação sobre o tema.

Abstract This study aimed to analyze screen time usage among children and adolescents in both home and hospital settings from their caregivers' perception. An exploratory and cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach was conducted at a public university hospital in a Brazilian capital. Data collection involved administering two questionnaires to caregivers: one on socioeconomic and hospitalization factors, and another on screen time usage at home and in the hospital and their perceptions thereof. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The study included 40 caregivers of hospitalized children and adolescents, the majority of whom were female (90%, n=36). Regarding the children and adolescents' characteristics, the majority were male (55%, n=22), aged between 8 months and 17 years. As for the reasons for hospitalization, it was identified that 40% (n=16) were due to diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and the length of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 37 days, with an average of 11 days. The results indicated screen time usage above recommended levels, though no significant difference was found between home and hospital usage, between weekdays, and/or between types of screens. Regarding caregivers' perceptions, it was observed that some believe the amount of screen time is appropriate, indicating a need for greater training on the topic.

Effect of patient education videos on modifying medication-related health behaviours: A systematic review using the behaviour intervention functions.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review appraises, synthesises, and presents the published evidence on the effect of patient education videos in modifying medication-related health behaviours. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted across 12 databases. Title, abstract and full-text screening was done independently using PICOS. Data extraction results were mapped directly to the Behaviour Change Intervention Functions. Results are reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020. RESULTS: Out of 583 studies 12 articles from 4 countries were included. Interventions focus on improving patient's knowledge. Modelling, Enablement, Persuasion, and Training are used in video education development. PASS analysis showed very few well designed studies that allow the reliable determination of behaviour changes. CONCLUSIONS: A reliable or sustained effect of patient education videos in modifying medication-related health behaviours could not be reported due to a lack of robust study design. Modelling, Enablement, Persuasion, and Training are all intervention designs used to target behaviour change often resulting either in a narrative (real people acting) or practice (demonstrating) presentation format. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: With the increased use of health education technology, robust, theoretically underpinned studies are urgently needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions in the context of their impact on patient medication-related behaviour change.

Herramientas educativas audiovisuales inclusivas: diseño y aplicación

Fundamento: lograr que las personas con necesidades educativas especiales se formen sobre la base del mérito, las capacidades propias, el esfuerzo, la perseverancia y sobre todo que tomen en cuenta sus potencialidades, es un reto. Objetivo: diseñar videos accesibles para estudiantes, incluyendo aquellos con necesidades educativas especiales, así como evaluar su aplicabilidad. Métodos: se diseñaron videos y su aplicación en base al modelo teórico Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge: conocimiento curricular, conocimiento pedagógico y conocimiento tecnológico, con énfasis en la adaptación a necesidades educativas especiales para facilitar el aprendizaje. La evaluación consideró la aplicación del instrumento "Evaluación de herramientas educativas audiovisuales" desde los parámetros: atención, curiosidad, utilidad en repaso, estímulo a aprender, ayuda al entendimiento y el deseo de reutilizarlos. Resultados: se diseñaron tres videos con elementos de accesibilidad para estudiantes, incluyendo estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales. En la evaluación se consiguió, de forma general, el aumento de la calificación en las pruebas parciales de la asignatura tras el empleo de los videos; la percepción de uso determinó la satisfacción como recurso de aprendizaje. Conclusiones: el diseño de recursos audiovisuales accesibles sin diferencia con estudiantes en condición de discapacidad beneficia a todo el grupo de estudiantes, en el marco de la igualdad.

Background: to achieve that people with special educational needs are trained on the basis of merit, their own abilities, effort, perseverance and above all that they take into account their potential, is a challenge. Objective: design accessible videos for students, including those with special educational needs, as well as evaluate their applicability. Methods: videos and their application were designed based on the Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge theoretical model: curricular knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and technological knowledge, with emphasis on adaptation to special educational needs to facilitate learning. The evaluation considered the application of the instrument "Evaluation of audiovisual educational tools" from the parameters: attention, curiosity, usefulness in review, stimulus to learn, help to understand and the desire to reuse them. Results: three videos were designed with accessibility elements for students, including students with special educational needs. In the evaluation, it was achieved, in a general way, the qualification increase in the partial tests of the subject after the use of the videos; the use's perception determined the satisfaction as a learning resource. Conclusions: the design of accessible audiovisual resources without difference with students with disabilities, benefits the entire group of students, within the equality framework.

Validación del instrumento: consumo de medios sexuales online y prácticas de riesgo del HIV/AIDS / Validação de instrumento: consumo de mídias sexuais online e as práticas de risco ao HIV/AIDS / Instrument validation: online sex media consumption and HIV/AIDS risk practices

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de validación de la apariencia, claridad y pertinencia del contenido del instrumento titulado: "Consumo de medios sexuales en línea y prácticas de riesgo de VIH/SIDA".Materiales y método: Estudio metodológico desarrollado a partir de la técnica Delphi. La evaluación fue realizada por jueces y siguió tres fases: la adaptación del instrumento original al contexto de los medios sexuales en línea, la validación del contenido del instrumento adaptado y la verificación semántica. Los datos fueron procesados en el software IBM® SPSS® con análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: El IVC fue satisfactorio para los dominios de salud sexual (93,4%) y prácticas sexuales (94,2%), mientras que los ítems relacionados con el consumo de medios sexuales explícitos obtuvieron un IVC del 100,0% para ambos criterios. Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron índices de validez y positividad de alto contenido, indicando que el instrumento validado "Consumo de medios sexuales y prácticas de riesgo de VIH/SIDA" nos permite analizar de manera confiable y de calidad la influencia del consumo de medios sexuales en las prácticas de riesgo de VIH. (AU)

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de validação de aparência, clareza e relevância do conteúdo do instrumento intitulado: “Consumo de mídias sexuais online e as práticas de risco ao HIV/Aids”. Materiais e método: Estudo metodológico desenvolvido a partir da técnica Delphi. A avaliação foi realizada por juízes e seguiu três fases: a adaptação do instrumento original para o contexto das mídias sexuais online, a validação de conteúdo do instrumento adaptado e a verificação semântica. Os dados foram processados no software IBM® SPSS® com análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: O IVC foi satisfatório para os domínios de saúde sexual (93,4%) e práticas sexuais (94,2%), enquanto os itens referentes ao consumo de mídias sexuais explícitas obtiveram IVC de 100,0% para ambos os critérios. Conclusão: Obteve-se elevados índices de validade de conteúdo e de positividade indicando que o instrumento “Consumo de mídias sexuais e as práticas de risco ao HIV/Aids” validado permite analisar com confiabilidade e qualidade a influência do consumo das mídias sexuais nas práticas de risco para HIV. (AU)

Objective: To describe the process of validation of appearance, clarity and relevance of the content of the instrument entitled: "Consumption of online sexual media and HIV/AIDS risk practices".Materials and Method: Methodological study developed from the Delphi technique. The evaluation was performed by judges and followed three phases: the adaptation of the original instrument to the context of online sexual media, the content validation of the adapted instrument and semantic verification. The data were processed in IBM® SPSS® software with descriptive statistical analysis. Results: CVI was satisfactory for the domains of sexual health (93.4%) and sexual practices (94.2%), while the items related to the consumption of explicit sexual media obtained CVI of 100.0% for both criteria. Conclusions: High content validity and positivity indexes were obtained, indicating that the validated instrument "Consumption of sexual media and HIV/AIDS risk practices" allows us to reliably and quality analyze the influence of sexual media consumption on HIV risk practices. (AU)

Nishtam Niwiipitan (My First Teeth): Oral Health Digital Stories from Urban Indigenous Parents.

PURPOSE: To develop oral health-related digital story videos through interviews with Indigenous parents who shared their experiences in dealing with early childhood caries (ECC) in their children. METHODS: Indigenous parents in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, were recruited from community programs from October to December 2019 as part of the Nishtam Niwiipitan (My First Teeth), a community-based participatory research study that builds on an ECC intervention. A twofold qualitative narrative approach to data collection was used: 1) interviewing participants and creating digital stories and 2) taking part in the postfilming feedback interviews. Participants were interviewed via video in a semistructured format sharing their experiences and attitudes about caring for children with ECC and the challenges faced seeking dental care for the disease. The stories were drawn from parents in 3 predetermined groups: those with 1) children who had undergone dental surgery under general anesthesia, 2) children who had received silver diamine fluoride as an alternative to surgery to manage ECC, and 3) caries-free children. Prior to editing, the narrated stories were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically. The postfilming interview transcripts were also analyzed and coded for key themes. RESULTS: Six parents and 1 grandparent, all of whom self-identified as Indigenous (First Nations or Métis) and cared for children aged <6 y, created the digital stories. Three key themes emerged from the postfilming interviews: ability to share, ability to help, and ability to change. Participants felt important, optimistic, and motivated throughout the process of making their digital stories. CONCLUSION: Digital storytelling offered First Nations and Métis parents a unique opportunity to share their experiences caring for children with ECC with the wider public. These videos can be incorporated into oral health promotion and ECC intervention programs as a culturally appropriate method for reaching Indigenous families. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: The use and development of digital storytelling for oral health promotion have great potential for spreading awareness and sharing knowledge with Indigenous parents/caregivers about their children's oral health and care practices. This health promotion tool is congruent with Indigenous ways of knowing, as Indigenous communities have a long tradition of oral history. The videos produced for this study will assist with oral health promotion efforts to address the high rates of early childhood caries in Indigenous communities in Canada.

A cobertura televisiva sobre atletas transgênero: o caso do esporte espetacular / Cobertura televisiva de deportistas transgénero: el caso del esporte espetacular / Television coverage of transgender athletes: the case of esporte espetacular

Resumo Hoje em dia, o cenário esportivo, sobretudo retratado pelas mídias, vem apresentando novas perspectivas em relação às práticas atlético-esportivas LGBTI+. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a cobertura televisiva sobre a participação de atletas trans no esporte, com base no programa Esporte Espetacular. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa caracteriza-se como qualitativa e exploratória, utilizando a etnografia de tela como ferramenta de produção dos dados. Foram analisadas 4 reportagens produzidas de 2017 a 2019, totalizando aproximadamente 35 minutos. Os achados permitem inferir que todas as narrativas televisivas apresentam equívocos conceituais e uma abordagem que tende ao sensacionalismo, além de enfocarem um tipo específico de identidade transgênero, no discurso biomédico da vantagem e da testosterona e de episódios de negação, constrangimento e não-reconhecimento do corpo trans no Esporte.

Resumen En la actualidad, el escenario deportivo, el escenario deportivo, tal como es retratado por los medios de comunicación, presenta nuevas perspectivas con respecto a las prácticas atlético-deportivas LGBTI+. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la cobertura televisiva sobre la participación de atletas trans en el deporte, basándose en el programa "Esporte Espetacular". La metodología empleada en esta investigación se caracteriza como cualitativa y exploratoria, y utiliza la Etnografía de Pantalla como herramienta para la producción de datos.. Se analizaron 4 reportajes, producidos desde 2017 hasta 2019, con una duración total de aproximadamente 35 minutos. Los hallazgos sugieren que todas las narrativas televisivas analizadas presentan errores conceptuales y muestran un enfoque que tiende hacia el sensacionalismo, centrándose en un tipo particular de identidad transgénero, en el discurso biomédico de la ventaja y la testosterona, así como en episodios de negación, vergüenza y no reconocimiento del cuerpo trans en el deporte.

Abstract Nowadays, the sports scenario, particularly portrayed by the media, is presenting new perspectives regarding LGBTI+ athletic-sport practices. The objective of this research was to analyze television coverage of the participation of transgender athletes in sports, based on the program "Esporte Espetacular". Methodologically, the research is characterized as qualitative and exploratory, using screen ethnography as a data production tool. Four reports produced from 2017 to 2019 were analyzed, totaling approximately 35 minutes. The findings allow us to infer that all episodes' narratives present conceptual mistakes and an approach that tends towards sensationalism, focusing on a particular type of transgender identity, on the biomedical discourse of advantage and testosterone, as well as instances of denial, embarrassment, and non-recognition of the transgender body in sports.

Audiovisual para adolescentes "Cuidar la sonrisa protege la salud bucal y general" / Audiovisual for adolescents "Taking care of the smile protects oral and general health"

Fundamento: los adolescentes son un grupo de referencia importante en quienes los medios audiovisuales sobre la salud bucal aportan valor motivacional y desarrollan un aprendizaje significativo. Objetivo: diseñar un audiovisual sobre cuidados de la salud bucal y general dirigido a los adolescentes. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de desarrollo tecnológico en el período de febrero a noviembre de 2019. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y empíricos: análisis documental, cuestionario y entrevista. Se consultó a especialistas para la valoración del audiovisual diseñado. Resultados: predominó en el nivel de información sobre la salud bucal la categoría regular. Los temas de mayor desinformación fueron: las consecuencias de algunas enfermedades bucales en la salud general y viceversa, la placa dentobacteriana, importancia de una sonrisa sana y aspectos sobre higiene bucodental. Sustentado en estos hallazgos, se diseñó un guión previo a la confección del audiovisual. El producto final fue valorado por especialistas y usuarios, teniendo en cuenta determinados indicadores. Conclusiones: el medio diseñado aportó útiles conocimientos los que fueron aceptados por el grupo etario al que fue destinado. Fue valorado satisfactoriamente por especialistas y usuarios. Se cumplieron las expectativas de la experiencia pedagógica.

Background: adolescents are an important reference group in whom audiovisual media on oral health provide motivational value and develop meaningful learning. Objective: to design an audiovisual on oral and general health care aimed at adolescents. Methods: a study of technological development was carried out in the period from February to November 2019. Theoretical methods were used to support the research and empirical ones: documentary analysis, questionnaire and interview. Specialists were consulted for the assessment of the audiovisual designed. Results: the average category prevailed in the level of information on oral health. The topics with the greatest misinformation were: the consequences of some oral diseases on general health and vice versa, dental plaque, the importance of a healthy smile and aspects of oral hygiene. Based on these findings, a script was designed prior to the production of the audiovisual. The final product was valued by specialists and users, taking into account certain indicators. Conclusions: the designed aid provided useful knowledge that was accepted by the age group for which it was intended. It was satisfactorily valued by specialists and users. The expectations of the pedagogical experience were met.

Construction and validity of educational technology in audiovisual media on premature newborn care / Construcción y validación de tecnología educativa en medios audiovisuales sobre atención al recién nacido prematuro / Construção e validação de tecnologia educacional em mídia audiovisual sobre cuidados ao recém-nascido prematuro

ABSTRACT Objectives: to construct and validate an educational video storyboard about care for premature newborns at home. Methods: a methodological study, with the construction of an educational video storyboard, validated with 14 judges. Content was selected from scoping review. For data collection, a validated instrument was used. The criterion for validity was agreement greater than 80%, analyzed using the Content Validity Index. Results: the storyboard construction was guided by the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning theoretical framework. Construction and validity took place from May to December 2020. The storyboard's final version lasted 10 minutes, and was validated in terms of objective, structure, presentation and relevance, with a Content Validity Index of 0.9. Conclusions: the storyboard of the educational video proved to be valid and adequate for health promotion in developing care for premature newborns at home.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar un video storyboard educativo sobre el cuidado del recién nacido prematuro en el domicilio. Métodos: estudio metodológico, con la construcción de un storyboard de video educativo, validado con 14 jueces. El contenido fue seleccionado de la revisión del alcance. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó un instrumento validado. El criterio de validación fue concordancia superior al 80%, analizado mediante el Índice de Validación de Contenido. Resultados: la construcción del storyboard fue guiada por el referencial teórico de la Teoría Cognitiva del Aprendizaje Multimedia. La construcción y validación se llevó a cabo de mayo a diciembre de 2020. La versión final del storyboard tiene una duración de 10 minutos y fue validada en cuanto a objetivos, estructura, presentación y relevancia, con un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,9. Conclusiones: el storyboard del video educativo se mostró válido y adecuado para la promoción de la salud en el desarrollo de la atención al recién nacido prematuro en el domicilio.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar storyboard de vídeo educativo acerca dos cuidados com recém-nascido prematuro no domicílio. Métodos: estudo metodológico, com construção de storyboard de vídeo educativo, validado com 14 juízes. Selecionou-se o conteúdo a partir de revisão de escopo. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se instrumento validado. O critério para validação foi concordância superior a 80%, analisada por meio do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo. Resultados: a construção do storyboard foi guiada pelo referencial teórico da Teoria Cognitiva da Aprendizagem Multimídia. A construção e a validação ocorreram nos meses de maio a dezembro de 2020. A versão final do storyboard contém duração de 10 minutos, e foi validada quanto aos objetivos, estrutura, apresentação e relevância, com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de 0,9. Conclusões: o storyboard do vídeo educativo se mostrou válido e adequado para promoção da saúde no desenvolvimento de cuidados ao recém-nascido prematuro no domicílio.

As potencialidades do uso da série Unidade básica para fortalecimento do ensino médico sobre a atenção primária à saúde / The potential of using the TV series Unidade Básica to strengthen medical education on primary health care

Resumo: Introdução: Apesar de o ensino médico brasileiro ser pautado pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN), a atenção primária à saúde (APS), como cenário de prática, ainda é negligenciada nos currículos de muitas escolas. Objetivo: Neste estudo, buscamos compreender o uso da série Unidade básica como um recurso educacional de reflexão com o foco na APS. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo baseado na análise de entrevistas realizadas com docentes de diversas escolas médicas que utilizam a série em variadas disciplinas. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas segundo a fenomenologia hermenêutica de Ricoeur, gerando os resultados do estudo. Resultado: Realizaram-se 18 entrevistas com docentes da graduação em Medicina e preceptores e tutores de programas de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade. Os docentes mencionaram que utilizam os episódios da série como incentivo para o debate dos princípios teóricos e atributos da APS de maneira mais interativa e interessante para os alunos. Os entrevistados relataram uma ampla aceitação do material pelos discentes, aumentando a participação em sala de aula, inclusive em períodos de ensino a distância. A maior crítica feita ao material foi a falta de representatividade da equipe multiprofissional da APS na série. Conclusão: A série pode apresentar grande potencial para a reflexão sobre a APS como estratégia de atenção, além de aproximar, de maneira lúdica, os alunos do tema e aumentar o interesse na prática médica generalista.

Abstract: Introduction: Medical education in Brazil is guided by the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCNs), however, primary health care (PHC) remains neglected in medical curricula. In this study, we sought to understand the use of the Unidade Básica TV series as an innovative educational resource in PHC. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on the analysis of interviews carried out with professors from different medical schools who use the series in different disciplines. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed according to Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology, thus providing the results of the study. Results: Eighteen interviews were conducted with professors of undergraduate Medicine and preceptors and tutors of Residency programs in Family and Community Medicine. Lecturers reported using the episodes of the series as an incentive to debate, utilizing a script to address the theoretical principles and PHC attributes in a more interactive and interesting way for students. Interviewees report wide acceptance of the material by students, increasing classroom participation, including during periods of distance learning. The biggest criticism made of the material was the lack of representation of the cross-functional PHC team. Conclusion: The series has great potential for reflection on PHC as a care strategy. It can also bring students closer to the topic in a playful way and increase interest in general medical practice.

Production and validation of an educational video on the use of the Z-Track Technique / Preparación y validación de un vídeo educativo sobre el uso de la Técnica Z / Elaboração e validação de vídeo educativo sobre a utilização da Técnica em Z

ABSTRACT Objective: to create and validate an educational video on intramuscular drug administration using the Z-track technique. Methods: the Delphi Technique was used to validate the script. PhDs in Nursing and PhDs in Social Communication with experience in the production of educational videos participated in the process. After editing, the video was validated by three nursing professors and assessed by students of the undergraduate nursing program at a public university. Results: the video was validated by the examiners with 100% agreement in three rounds for script validation and in two for video validation after editing. The duration of the video was 9 minutes. Conclusion: after validation by the examiners, students assessed the video and considered it suitable for learning. We This video is expected to aid in the training of nursing professionals and the enhancement of patient care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar un vídeo educativo sobre la administración intramuscular de fármacos, utilizando la Técnica Z. Métodos: se utilizó la técnica Delphi para validar el guion. Participaron en el proceso dos doctores en enfermería y dos doctores en comunicación social con experiencia en la producción de vídeos educativos. Tras su edición, el vídeo fue validado por tres docentes de enfermería y evaluado por estudiantes del curso de licenciatura en enfermería de una universidad pública. Resultados: el vídeo fue validado por los expertos con un 100% de acuerdo en tres rondas para la validación del guion y dos para la validación del vídeo después de la edición. La duración del vídeo fue de 9 minutos. Conclusión: tras la validación por parte de los expertos, los estudiantes evaluaron el vídeo y lo consideraron adecuado para el aprendizaje. Se espera que este vídeo pueda contribuir a la formación de los profesionales de enfermería y mejorar la asistencia a los pacientes.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar um vídeo educativo sobre a administração de medicamentos por via intramuscular, com utilização da Técnica em Z. Métodos: utilizou-se a Técnica Delphi para a validação do roteiro. Participaram do processo doutores em enfermagem e doutores em comunicação social com experiência na produção de vídeos educativos. Após a edição, o vídeo foi validado por três docentes de enfermagem e avaliado por estudantes do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública. Resultados: o vídeo foi validado pelos juízes com 100% de concordância ocorrida em três rodadas para validação do roteiro e duas para validação do vídeo após a edição. A duração do vídeo foi de 9 minutos. Conclusão: Após a validação pelos juízes, estudantes avaliaram o vídeo e o consideraram adequado para o aprendizado. Espera-se que esse vídeo possa contribuir para a formação do profissional de enfermagem e melhoria da assistência ao paciente.

Quality of Tooth-Whitening Videos Available on YouTube

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare how the quality of YouTube videos on tooth whitening uploaded by healthcare professionals and laypersons. Material and Methods: The video that was uploaded in a year was collected on YouTube using the keywords tooth whitening and dental bleaching. The exclusion criteria were duplicate videos, advertisements, no sound, too short duration, and lectures. The variables analyzed were likes/dislikes, viewers, interaction index, viewing rate, usefulness, global quality scale (GQS), and comprehensiveness score. Two observers reviewed the videos independently. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically. Results: A total of 106 videos were selected, and most were uploaded by laypersons (70.8%). The observer reliability test showed excellent agreement with the intraclass correlation coefficient score minimum of 0.876. There were significant differences in dislikes (p=0.003), views (p=0.016), interaction index (p=0.010), usefulness (p=0.030), GQS (p<0.0001), and comprehensiveness (p=0.014) between healthcare professionals and laypersons. Videos made by laypersons had higher numbers of dislikes and viewing rates, whereas healthcare professionals were higher in usefulness, GQS, and comprehensiveness. Conclusion: Videos uploaded by laypersons provide low-accurate information despite being popular among viewers. Viewers need to be selective in seeking information from YouTube as a resource for oral healthcare decision-related tooth whitening.

Análisis de la imagen social de la enfermera a través de las series de televisión (Periodo 2017-2020) / Nurse’s social image analysis through television series (2017-2020 period)

Introducción: durante los años 2017-2020 han aumentado considera-blemente las series de televisión gracias a las nuevas plataformas. Un gran número de ellas se ha desarrollado en entornos sanitarios. Sin embargo, el papel de la enfermera en ellas dista mucho de la realidad.Métodos: se ha utilizado como diseño la Teoría fundamentada a través del análisis de las series de televisión emitidas entre 2017 y 2020 con personajes dedicados a las profesiones sanitarias (principalmente enfer-meras). Se ha llevado a cabo un muestreo no probabilístico e intencio-nal. La recogida de datos se ha realizado a través de la visualización del material audiovisual (capítulos y guiones). Finalmente, los datos se han codificado a través de las codificaciones abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultado: tras un exhaustivo análisis de los guiones de las series seleccionadas, se han identificado los siguientes temas: Enfermeras empoderadas vs liderazgo en el entorno sanitario, Enfermeras ocultas vs secretos guardados, Rol de cuidado vs calidez humana, “Gracias por defendernos”, protagonismo dudoso, y “Jugando a ser Dios”, la reivindi-cación de la profesión. Conclusiones: los medios audiovisuales desempeñan un papel funda-mental en la construcción de la representación mental que la sociedad tiene sobre las profesiones sanitarias. Estos han hecho poco por trans-mitir una imagen realista de la Enfermería. Las enfermeras necesitan vi-sibilidad como proveedoras de cuidados con base científica y no como meras asistentes a las prácticas médicas (AU)

Introduction: during 2017-2020, the number of television series has increased considerably thanks to the new platforms. A large number of them have been developed in healthcare environments. However, nurse’s role in them is far f rom reality. Methods: grounded Theory has been used as a design through the analysis of television series broadcasted between 2017 and 2020 with characters playing healthcare professions (mainly nurses). A non-probabilistic and intentional sampling was performed. Data collection has been carried out through audiovisual material visualization (chapters and scripts). Finally, data have been coded through open, axial and selective cod-ing.Outcome: after a comprehensive analysis of the selected series scripts, the following topics have been identified: Empowered nurses vs healthcare environment leadership, Hidden nurses vs kept secrets, Caring role vs human warmth, “Thank you for upholding us”, dubious protagonism, and “Playing God”, the vindication of the profession.Conclusions: audiovisual media play a key role in building so-ciety’s mental representation of health professions. They have done little to broadcast a realistic image of Nursing. Nurses need visibility as scientifically based care providers and not as mere assistants in medical practices. (AU)

Surgical Preparation by Urology Trainees in 2021: The Interplay of Video and Print Resources.

INTRODUCTION: We investigate urology trainee preparation for surgical procedures by querying type and degree of video sources used and combination with traditional print materials for preparation of surgical procedures. METHODS: An Institutional Review Board-approved 13-question REDCap® survey was distributed to 145 American College of Graduate Medical Education-accredited urology residency programs. Social media were also used to recruit participants. Results were collected anonymously and analyzed using Excel®. RESULTS: A total of 108 residents completed the survey. The majority (87%) reported using videos for surgical preparation including, YouTube (93%), American Urological Association (AUA) Core Curriculum videos (84%) and institutional or attending-specific videos (46%). Video selection was based on quality (81%), length (58%) and the site of video creation (37%). Video preparation was reported predominantly for minimally invasive surgery (95%), subspecialty procedures (81%) and open procedures (75%). The most common print sources reported include Hinman's Atlas of Urologic Surgery (90%), Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology (75%) and the AUA Core Curriculum (70%). When asked to rank their overall top 3 sources, 25% of residents reported YouTube as their primary source and 58% included it in their top 3. Only 24% of residents reported being aware of the AUA YouTube channel, while 77% were aware of the video section of the AUA Core Curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: Urology residents use video resources to prepare for surgical cases, with a heavy reliance on YouTube. AUA-curated video sources should be highlighted in the resident curriculum as the quality and educational content of YouTube videos are variable.

Animated educational video using health belief model on the knowledge of anemia prevention among female adolescents: An intervention study.

Introduction: As the younger female generation, female adolescents should understand anaemia prevention. This study examined the effects of animated educational videos on the knowledge of anaemia prevention among female adolescents using the Health Belief Model (HBM). Method: A quasi-experimental method with a randomised pre-test and post-test control group design was applied. Animated educational videos about anaemia prevention were used as the intervention. One hundred sixty-one female adolescents were recruited through multistage random sampling and divided into intervention (n=78) and control (n=83) groups. The intervention group received education via animated educational videos. The HBM questionnaire was used to measure the nine HBM indicators (r=0.8); the item categories were valid and reliable. Descriptive analyses, independent t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Results: The animated educational videos played thrice significantly increased the knowledge of the intervention group (mean score: pre-test, 94; post-test one, 99; post-test two, 102). The scores for anaemia examination barriers (P=0.001), anaemia susceptibility (P=0.001), anaemia severity (P=0.001), anaemia prevention benefits (P=0.001), anaemia examination benefits (P=0.001), self-efficacy for obtaining iron tablets (P=0.001), self-recognition of anaemia signs and symptoms (P=0.001), signs of anaemia prevention (P=0.001) and health motivation (P=0.001) significantly changed. Meanwhile, the knowledge of the control group did not significantly increase (pre-test, 93; post-test one, 94; post-test two, 97). The intervention group had significantly higher mean scores in both the first and second measurements than the control group (P=0.05). Conclusion: Animated educational videos significantly increased the knowledge of anaemia prevention, including the nine HBM indicators.

Using hyperrealistic simulations to improve digital informed consent for endourological procedures.

OBJECTIVES: To show that digital informed consent (DIC) improves the subjective understanding of information and, therefore, informed consent. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A nonblinded randomized controlled trial was performed in 84 patients who had undergone transurethral resection of bladder, transurethral resection of prostate, or ureterorenoscopy between July 2017 and March 2018. The DIC group watched a hyperrealistic simulation on a tablet device before surgery. After surgery and again 30 days later, both groups completed a validated questionnaire that measured subjective understanding, anxiety, and utility of and need for information. RESULTS: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 68.7 ± 11.1 years. Nine of 84 patients (10.7%) did not complete the questionnaire. A total of 42 patients were allocated to the DIC group and 42 to the control group. The mean ± SD score for immediate subjective understanding in the DIC group was 14.5% higher than in the control group (72% ± 17.5% vs 57.5% ± 23.5%, respectively; P = 0.006). There was no statistical difference in anxiety, utility of and need for information relative to delayed subjective understanding. In subgroup analysis, subjective understanding scores were higher, but not significantly so, among patients with low and higher education levels in the DIC group than in the control group (68% ± 18.1% vs 54% ± 22.5% [P = 0.06] and 76% ± 18.3% vs and 66% ± 21.9%, respectively [P = 0.89]). CONCLUSION: Hyperrealistic simulations improved subjective understanding of information and, therefore, informed consent for endourological procedures.

Content analysis of educational videos on hand hygiene during COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Online platforms are the most popular mode of entertainment, simultaneously imparting knowledge and education. During COVID pandemic, there was a sudden influx of educational videos on social media/websites with a purpose of spreading the information about hand hygiene (HH) practices. The aim of this study was to explore and assess the HH videos based on its content and technical quality to promote the learning experience of videos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HH videos from the official sites of five international health organizations and 42 national health institutes were assessed based on their availability of the HH videos. Verified YouTube videos on HH since January 2020 were further screened and assessed using the author's designed validated checklist. Each video was systematically evaluated and scored against the seven categories, namely introduction, audio, visuals/background, speaker/demonstrator, content, timing, and appeal. RESULTS: A total of 50 videos were assessed for analysis. Of these, 82% of videos scored >50%, i.e., 14. Among low scorer, seven videos were from YouTube channel. Majority of the videos were technically sound, 44% aroused interest, 82% had a simple, understandable message; in around 46% of the videos, the presenter was a healthcare worker; and in 24%, the information was accurate as per the World Health Organization guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that most of the HH videos were found to be just above average in their content quality and technicality.

Factors associated with unprotected sex in people who consume sexually explicit media / Factores relacionados al sexo sin uso de condones por personas consumidores de medios sexualmente explícitos / Fatores associados ao sexo sem uso de preservativos por pessoas consumidoras de mídias sexualmente explícitas

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with sex without the use of condoms in consumers of sexually explicit media (SEM). Methods: Cross-sectional study, with a sample of 172 participants selected and collected through social media. To assess the predictors of unprotected sexual practices, the Poisson regression model was used. Values were expressed as a robust prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective confidence intervals. Results: There was a statistically significant association between, the use of condoms and the type of scenes that the participants prefer (p = 0.03), the preference for films with scenes involving unprotected sex or even those that do not care about protection (p = 0.02), the type of pornography watched influencing sexual relations (p = 0.017), and the number of scenes seen per week (p = 0.05). Conclusions: The lack of condom use was associated with the access to erotic scenes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar factores relacionados al sexo sin uso de preservativos en consumidores de medios sexualmente explícitos (MSEs). Métodos: Estudio transversal, con muestra de 172 participantes seleccionados y recogidos en ambiente virtual de medios sociales. Para evaluar los factores predictores de la práctica sexual sin uso del preservativo, utilizó el modelo de regresión de Poisson. Valores fueron expresos en medida de razón de prevalencia (RP) robusta con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza. Resultados: Verificó relación estadísticamente significante del uso de preservativos con el tipo de escenas que prefiere (p = 0,03), preferencia por películas con escenas envolviendo sexo sin protección o mismo aquellos que no se importan cuanto a ese cuidado (p = 0,02), tipo de pornografía que ve influenciando en sus relaciones sexuales (p = 0,017) y número de escenas vistas por semana (p = 0,05). Conclusiones: El no uso del preservativo fue relacionado al acceso a las escenas eróticas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados ao sexo sem uso de preservativos em consumidores de mídias sexualmente explícitas (MSEs). Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra de 172 participantes selecionados e coletados na ambiência virtual de mídias sociais. Para avaliar os fatores preditores da prática sexual sem uso do preservativo, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson. Os valores foram expressos na forma de razão de prevalência (RP) robusta com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança. Resultados: Verificou-se associação estatisticamente significante do uso de preservativos com o tipo de cenas que prefere (p = 0,03), preferência por filmes com cenas envolvendo sexo sem proteção ou mesmo aqueles que não se importam quanto a esse cuidado (p = 0,02), tipo de pornografia que assiste influenciando nas suas relações sexuais (p = 0,017) e número de cenas vistas por semana (p = 0,05). Conclusões: O não uso do preservativo foi associado ao acesso às cenas eróticas.

Persuasive communication and the diminution of the salt intake in heart failure patients: a pilot study / Comunicación persuasiva y reducción del consumo de sal en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca: estudio piloto / Comunicação persuasiva e redução do consumo de sal em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca: estudo-piloto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the effect of persuasive communication in the modulation of the behavioral intention of reducing the consumption of salt in heart failure patients. Methods: pilot quasi-experimental study with one group, before and after the application of audiovisual persuasive communication, as guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study used a form built and validated to measure behavioral variables (Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control). Wilcoxon's test and Spearman's correlation were applied. Results: 82 heart failure patients who were being monitored in outpatient clinics participated. The medians of the behavioral variables increased significantly after the exposition to persuasive communication, showing a high level of intention to execute the behavior. Conclusions: persuasive communication positively contributed to influence the behavioral intention of reducing the consumption of salt in people with cardiac insufficiency.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de una comunicación persuasiva en la modulación de la intención conductual de reducir el consumo de sal en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Métodos: estudio piloto, casi-experimental, con grupo único, antes y después de aplicación de una comunicación persuasiva en el formato audiovisual, basado en la Theory of Planned Behavior. Se utilizó formulario construido y validado para mensurar las variables comportamentales (Creencias, Actitud, Norma Subjetiva y Control de Conducta Percibido). Se aplicaron el test de Wilcoxon y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: participaron 82 personas con insuficiencia cardíaca en Clínica de atención sin turno previo. Las medianas de las variables comportamentales aumentaron significativamente después de la exposición a la comunicación persuasiva, revelando alta intención para ejecutar el comportamiento. Conclusiones: la comunicación persuasiva contribuyó positivamente para influenciar la intención conductual de reducir el consumo de sal en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o efeito de uma comunicação persuasiva na modulação da intenção comportamental de reduzir o consumo de sal em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: estudo-piloto, quase-experimental, com grupo único, antes e depois de aplicação de uma comunicação persuasiva no formato audiovisual, norteado pela Theory of Planned Behavior. Utilizou-se formulário construído e validado para mensurar as variáveis comportamentais (Crenças, Atitude, Norma Subjetiva e Controle Comportamental Percebido). Aplicaram-se o teste de Wilcoxon e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: participaram 82 pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca em seguimento ambulatorial. As medianas das variáveis comportamentais aumentaram significativamente após a exposição à comunicação persuasiva, revelando alta intenção para executar o comportamento. Conclusões: a comunicação persuasiva contribuiu positivamente para influenciar a intenção comportamental de reduzir o consumo de sal em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca.

Persuasive communication and the diminution of the salt intake in heart failure patients: a pilot study / Comunicación persuasiva y reducción del consumo de sal en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca: estudio piloto / Comunicação persuasiva e redução do consumo de sal em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca: estudo-piloto

ABSTRACT Objectives: to evaluate the effect of persuasive communication in the modulation of the behavioral intention of reducing the consumption of salt in heart failure patients. Methods: pilot quasi-experimental study with one group, before and after the application of audiovisual persuasive communication, as guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior. This study used a form built and validated to measure behavioral variables (Beliefs, Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control). Wilcoxon's test and Spearman's correlation were applied. Results: 82 heart failure patients who were being monitored in outpatient clinics participated. The medians of the behavioral variables increased significantly after the exposition to persuasive communication, showing a high level of intention to execute the behavior. Conclusions: persuasive communication positively contributed to influence the behavioral intention of reducing the consumption of salt in people with cardiac insufficiency.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el efecto de una comunicación persuasiva en la modulación de la intención conductual de reducir el consumo de sal en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Métodos: estudio piloto, casi-experimental, con grupo único, antes y después de aplicación de una comunicación persuasiva en el formato audiovisual, basado en la Theory of Planned Behavior. Se utilizó formulario construido y validado para mensurar las variables comportamentales (Creencias, Actitud, Norma Subjetiva y Control de Conducta Percibido). Se aplicaron el test de Wilcoxon y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: participaron 82 personas con insuficiencia cardíaca en Clínica de atención sin turno previo. Las medianas de las variables comportamentales aumentaron significativamente después de la exposición a la comunicación persuasiva, revelando alta intención para ejecutar el comportamiento. Conclusiones: la comunicación persuasiva contribuyó positivamente para influenciar la intención conductual de reducir el consumo de sal en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o efeito de uma comunicação persuasiva na modulação da intenção comportamental de reduzir o consumo de sal em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca. Métodos: estudo-piloto, quase-experimental, com grupo único, antes e depois de aplicação de uma comunicação persuasiva no formato audiovisual, norteado pela Theory of Planned Behavior. Utilizou-se formulário construído e validado para mensurar as variáveis comportamentais (Crenças, Atitude, Norma Subjetiva e Controle Comportamental Percebido). Aplicaram-se o teste de Wilcoxon e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: participaram 82 pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca em seguimento ambulatorial. As medianas das variáveis comportamentais aumentaram significativamente após a exposição à comunicação persuasiva, revelando alta intenção para executar o comportamento. Conclusões: a comunicação persuasiva contribuiu positivamente para influenciar a intenção comportamental de reduzir o consumo de sal em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca.