Inhibition of receptor-binding domain-ACE2 interaction after two doses of Sinovac's CoronaVac or AstraZeneca/Oxford's AZD1222 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Practical laboratory proxies that correlate to vaccine efficacy may facilitate trials, identify nonresponders, and inform about boosting strategies. Among clinical and laboratory markers, assays that evaluate antibodies that inhibit receptor-binding domain (RBD) ligation to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor (receptor-binding inhibition [RBI]) may provide a surrogate for viral neutralization assays. We evaluated RBI before and after a median of 34 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 33-40) of the second dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Sinovac's CoronaVac (CN) or AstraZeneca/Oxford's AZD1222 (AZ) vaccines in 166 individuals. Both vaccines elicited high inhibitory titers in most subjects, 95% (158/166), with signal inhibition above 30% and 89% (127/143) with more than fourfold increase from prevaccination titers, but titers tend to decrease over time. Both postvaccination inhibitory titers (95%, IQR 85%-97% for AZ vs. 79%, IQR 60%-96% for CN, p = 0.004) and pre/post-titer increase (AZ 76%, IQR 51%-86% for AZ vs. 47%, IQR 24%-67% for CN, p < 0.0001) were higher among AZ vaccinees. Previous serological reactivity due to natural infection was associated with high prevaccination signal inhibition titers. The study documents a robust antibody response capable of interfering with RBD-angiotensin-converting enzyme binding. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 infection incidence in these populations is necessary to assess its association to protection and its duration.

Soroprevalência de herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em fêmeas bovinas na microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goiás, Brasil / Seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine females in the microregion of the Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goias, Brazil

Livestock is one of the main activities of the gross domestic Product (GDP), exercising a fundamental role in the land use and occupation process in Brazil. Infectious diseases, bacterial, viral or parasitic origin, may affect the reproductive system of both males and females, causing a series of problems of infertility with different levels of occurrence. One of the most important diseases that affect the reproductive sphere of viral origin and that have already been identified in cattle in Brazil the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). The aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study in the State of Goiás, specifically in the Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion (municipalities of Cezarina, Mairipotaba and Pontalina), detecting the presence of antibodies to the IBR, by vírusneutralização (VN). The properties studied were found a seroprevalence of 96.4% for neutralizing antibodies against IBR in bovine females over 24 months. The results found in this study showed that there is a high prevalence of infection for BoHV-1 at Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. The data for these studies can serve as a base to plot strategies for the control of the disease, with the guidance of producers.(AU)

A pecuária constitui uma das principais atividades econômicas contribuintes para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro, exercendo papel fundamental no processo de uso e ocupação de terras no Brasil. Doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana, viral ou parasitária podem afetar o sistema reprodutivo, tanto dos machos como das fêmeas, causando uma série de problemas de infertilidade nos rebanhos, com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Dentre as doenças mais importantes de origem viral que afetam a natureza reprodutiva e que já foram identificadas em bovinos no Brasil, destaca-se a Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico no estado de Goiás, especificamente na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois (municípios de Cezarina, Mairipotaba e Pontalina), detectando a presença de anticorpos contra a IBR pelo teste de vírus-neutralização (VN). Das propriedades estudadas, foi encontrada uma soroprevalência de 96,4% para anticorpos neutralizantes contra a IBR em fêmeas bovinas acima de 24 meses. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que há uma elevada taxa de prevalência da infecção por BoHV-1 na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois. Os dados deste estudo poderão servir de base para se traçarem estratégias para o controle da doença, com orientação aos produtores.(AU)

Soroprevalência de herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 em fêmeas bovinas na microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goiás, Brasil / Seroprevalence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine females in the microregion of the Vale do Rio dos Bois, Goias, Brazil

Livestock is one of the main activities of the gross domestic Product (GDP), exercising a fundamental role in the land use and occupation process in Brazil. Infectious diseases, bacterial, viral or parasitic origin, may affect the reproductive system of both males and females, causing a series of problems of infertility with different levels of occurrence. One of the most important diseases that affect the reproductive sphere of viral origin and that have already been identified in cattle in Brazil the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR). The aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study in the State of Goiás, specifically in the Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion (municipalities of Cezarina, Mairipotaba and Pontalina), detecting the presence of antibodies to the IBR, by vírusneutralização (VN). The properties studied were found a seroprevalence of 96.4% for neutralizing antibodies against IBR in bovine females over 24 months. The results found in this study showed that there is a high prevalence of infection for BoHV-1 at Vale do Rio dos Bois microregion. The data for these studies can serve as a base to plot strategies for the control of the disease, with the guidance of producers.

A pecuária constitui uma das principais atividades econômicas contribuintes para o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro, exercendo papel fundamental no processo de uso e ocupação de terras no Brasil. Doenças infecciosas de origem bacteriana, viral ou parasitária podem afetar o sistema reprodutivo, tanto dos machos como das fêmeas, causando uma série de problemas de infertilidade nos rebanhos, com diferentes níveis de gravidade. Dentre as doenças mais importantes de origem viral que afetam a natureza reprodutiva e que já foram identificadas em bovinos no Brasil, destaca-se a Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR). O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico no estado de Goiás, especificamente na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois (municípios de Cezarina, Mairipotaba e Pontalina), detectando a presença de anticorpos contra a IBR pelo teste de vírus-neutralização (VN). Das propriedades estudadas, foi encontrada uma soroprevalência de 96,4% para anticorpos neutralizantes contra a IBR em fêmeas bovinas acima de 24 meses. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que há uma elevada taxa de prevalência da infecção por BoHV-1 na Microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois. Os dados deste estudo poderão servir de base para se traçarem estratégias para o controle da doença, com orientação aos produtores.

Patterns of antibody response during natural hRSV infection: insights for the development of new antibody-based therapies.

INTRODUCTION: The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in susceptible population worldwide, such as young children and the elderly. Although hRSV is a major public health burden, there are no licensed vaccines and the only available therapy is palivizumab. During life, reinfections with hRSV are common, suggesting that the virus can impair the development of an efficient host immune response. This feature has hindered the development of efficient therapies. AREAS COVERED: This article focuses on research about the natural development of antibodies in humans after the exposure to hRSV. The difficulties of developing anti-hRSV therapies based on monoclonal antibodies have been recently associated to the relationship between the disease outcome and the pattern of antibody response. EXPERT OPINION: Development of monoclonal antibodies is a potentially successful approach to prevent the population from suffering severe respiratory diseases caused by hRSV infection, for which there are no available vaccines. Although the use of palivizumab is safe, its effectiveness is controversial. Recent data have prompted research to develop therapies targeting alternative viral antigens, rather than focusing only on the F protein, as well as the development of antibodies with a cell-mediated function.