[Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Source Areas of Guangdong and Guangxi].

The concentrations of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 7 water samples collected from different sites of water source areas of Guangdong and Guangxi were detected by SPE-GC-MS, and then the pollution characteristics were analyzed. This study established species sensitivity distribution(SSD) curves with BurrⅢ distribution model. In the meantime, HC5 values were calculated by BurrliOZ software, which were used to evaluate the toxicity effects of OCPs towards aquatic organisms. Finally, margin of safety concentration values were calculated to assess the ecological risk. The results showed that the concentration of OCPs varied from 6.64 to 34.19 ng·L-1, with a mean value of 16.76 ng·L-1, while HCHs and DDTs contributed a lot. HCHs were predominately originated from lindane, which is a component in household insecticide, while DDTs were from dicofol contamination or historical residues. Vertebrates could stand severer toxicity in comparison with invertebrates. α-endosulfan showed a greater toxicity towards aquatic plants and microorganisms than others, while p, p'-DDT turned out to be the most hazardous pollutant to vertebrates and invertebrates among the 16 OCPs studied. Generally speaking, OCPs in study areas didn't show conspicuous ecological risks towards aquatic organisms, DDTs and α-endosulfan, however, are still worth paying close attention due to their high potential risks.

Habitação e gestão ambiental em áreas de mananciais: o caso do município de Santo André (SP) / Housing and environmental management in water source areas: the case of Santo André (SP)

Este artigo tem como objetivo levantar e discutir as ações de gestão ambiental e sua interface com a questão habitacional junto à área administrada pela Subprefeitura de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense, Santo André-SP, no biênio 2007-2008. O foco do trabalho é a capacidade política e institucional do município criada para tratar de tais questões. Os métodos usados foram pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo, com entrevista a gestores do município. A pesquisa identificou que o município conta com propostas com grande potencial de contribuição para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental e habitacional na área de mananciais, principalmente por seu caráter de integração entre planejamentos. O estabelecimento de conselhos com participação de várias pastas representa um potencial elemento de integração nas ações desses órgãos, permitindo o compartilhamento de temas pertinentes ao longo do desenvolvimento das agendas de forma contínua. Quanto à recuperação urbana e ambiental dos loteamentos irregulares, é possível afirmar que os parâmetros urbanísticos e a definição do uso e ocupação do solo estão intimamente relacionados à qualidade ambiental e precisam ser construídos em conjunto por profissionais da área de urbanismo e da área ambiental, e discutidos com a comunidade local. O formato de gestão na área de mananciais, foco deste estudo de caso no município de Santo André, representa um significativo passo na construção da integração entre os sistemas de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos e de planejamento urbano/metropolitano.

This article aims to survey and discuss environmental management actions and their interfaces with the housing issue in the area administered by the sub City Hall of Paranapiacaba and Parque Andreense, Santo André, SP. The focus is the political and institutional capacity established by the municipality to address such issues. The methods used were documental, literature and field research, with interviews with the municipality's managers . This research allowed to observe that the municipality has proposals with great potential to contribute to the improvement of the housing and environmental quality in the water source area, especially due to their character of integration in the planningphases. The establishment of multi-departmental councils is a potential element of integration in the actions of these organs, allowing a continuous sharing of relevant issues throughout the development of agendas. Concerning the environmental and urban regeneration of irregular settlements, it is clear that the urban parameters and the definition of land use are closely related to environmental quality and must be built jointly by professionals in urban planning and environmental area and discussed with the local community. The format of management in water source areas, the focus of this case study in the municipality of Santo André, represents a significant step to build integration between the water management system and urban/metropolitan planning.