Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 14 de 14
Filtrar
1.
ACS Sens ; 8(11): 4364-4373, 2023 11 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37997658

RESUMO

This study presents a rapid microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) capable of simultaneously monitoring Gram-negative bacteria and nitrite ions (NO2-) for water quality monitoring. We utilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with polymyxin molecules (AuNPs@polymyxin) to cause color change due to aggregation for the detection of Gram-negative bacteria, and antiaggregation in the presence of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) for NO2- detection. In this study, Escherichia coli (E. coli) serves as the model of a Gram-negative bacterium. Using the developed µPADs, the color changes resulting from aggregation and antiaggregation reactions are measured using a smartphone application. The linear detection ranges from 5.0 × 102 to 5.0 × 105 CFU/mL (R2 = 0.9961) for E. coli and 0.20 to 2.0 µmol/L (R2 = 0.995) for NO2-. The detection limits were determined as 2.0 × 102 CFU/mL for E. coli and 0.18 µmol/L for NO2-. Notably, the newly developed assay exhibited high selectivity with no interference from Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, we obtained acceptable recovery for monitoring E. coli and NO2- in drinking water samples with no significant difference between our method and a commercial assay by t test validation. The sensor was also employed for assessing the quality of the pond and environmental water source. Notably, this approach can also be applied to human urine samples with satisfactory accuracy. Furthermore, the assay's stability is extended due to its reliance on AuNPs rather than reagents like antibodies and enzymes, reducing costs and ensuring long-term viability. Our cost-effective µPADs therefore provide a real-time analysis of both contaminants, making them suitable for assessing water quality in resource-limited settings.


Assuntos
Escherichia coli , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Humanos , Ouro , Microfluídica , Nitritos/análise , Limite de Detecção , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , Polimixinas
2.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc ; 287(Pt 2): 122096, 2023 Feb 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36371811

RESUMO

The residual free chlorine concentration is an important parameter to evaluate the potability of water and the efficiency of disinfection in the water treatment system. As a restricted range of residual free chlorine concentration at all points of the distribution network is needed to ensure efficiency and to avoid deleterious effects, fast and in situ quantification of this specie is important. This work deals with the development and validation of two procedures based on DPD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine) and OT (ortho-tolidine, 3,3-dimethylbenzidine) for the determination of residual free chlorine in water by exploiting a flow-based microdevice built with Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC) technology. The analytical signal was monitored by a smartphone camera through RGB values obtained by a free application (Color Grab®). Under optimized conditions, linear ranges within 0.6-2.5 mg/L and 0.1-2.3 mg/L were obtained for DPD and OT methods, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.023 and 0.077 mg/L (DPD) and 0.026 and 0.089 mg/L (OT). Precision expressed as RSD (2.0 mg/L free chlorine, n = 10), was 1.3 % and 0.7 %, respectively. Both procedures were successfully applied to the analysis of samples from a water treatment plant. The flow-based microdevice coupled to digital-image colorimetry is an innovative, sustainable, and cost-effective analytical tool for in-field chemical analysis.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Purificação da Água , Cloro , Colorimetria/métodos , Água Potável/análise , Smartphone , Purificação da Água/métodos , Cloretos , Cerâmica
3.
Rev. Investig. Salud. Univ. Boyacá ; 9(2): 44-61, 20220000. tab, fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1444143

RESUMO

Introducción: El agua salubre y fácilmente accesible es importante para la salud pública, si se utiliza para beber, uso doméstico, producir alimentos o fines recreativos. El agua contaminada y el saneamiento deficiente están re-lacionados con la transmisión de enfermedades. Objetivo: Evaluar las características físico-químicas y microbiológicas de la red de distribución del acueducto urbano de un municipio de Boyacá. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. Se tomaron muestras de agua en 13 puntos, 7 concertados y materializados de la red de distribución, uno en la bocatoma de entrada de la planta, dos pozos y tres nacimientos, de donde se abastece la población. Se realizaron análisis físicos, químicos y microbiológicos de cada una de las muestras. Resultados: En las muestras sin tratamiento hubo concentraciones altas de unidades platino, cobalto y turbiedad. El cloro residual libre en dos muestras de agua tratada estaba por debajo de los límites establecidos. Se detecta-ron microorganismos heterótrofos y coliformes en las muestras de agua obtenidas de fuentes de abastecimiento. En dos puntos se encontraron quistes de Giardia y ooquistes de Cryptosporidium. De las 13 muestras estudiadas, tres arrojaron un índice de riesgo por calidad del agua inviable sanitariamente. Conclusiones: Se evidenció que el agua se encuentra en un nivel de riesgo inviable sanitariamente, lo cual demuestra que el sistema de tratamiento es insuficiente para garantizar el suministro de agua apta para el consumo humano.


Introduction: Safe and easily accessible water is important to public health, whether it is used for drinking, domestic use, food production, or recreational purposes. Contaminated water and poor sanitation are linked to disease transmission. Objective: Evaluate the physical chemical and microbiological characteristics of the distribution network of the urban aqueduct of a municipality of Boyacá. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study, water samples were taken at thirteen points, seven points agreed and materialized from the distribution network, one at the entrance of the plant, one in a deep well and in three births, where it is supplied the population. Phy-sical, chemical and microbiological analyzes were performed. Results: The untreated samples showed high levels of cobalt platinum units and turbidity. The free residual chlorine in two samples of treated water was below the established limits. Heterotrophic and Coliform microorganisms were detected in water samples obtained from sources of supply. At two points, Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were found. Of the Thirteen samples studied, three showed a Risk Index for sanitary water quality. Conclusions: It is evident that the water is at a level of sanitary unfeasible risk, which demonstrates that the treatment system is not sufficient to guarantee the supply of water suitable for human consumption.


Introdução: Água segura e de fácil acesso é importante para a saúde pública, seja ela usada para beber, uso doméstico, produção de alimentos ou para fins recreativos. A água contaminada e o sa-neamento precário estão ligados à transmissão de doenças. Objetivos: Avaliar as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas da rede de distribuição do aque-duto urbano de um município de Boyacá. Materiais e métodos: Estudo quantitativo descritivo transversal. Foram coletadas amostras de água em 13 pontos, 7 concertados e materializados da rede de distribuição, um na entrada da planta, dois poços e três nascentes, dos quais a população é abastecida. Foram realizadas analises físicas, químicas e microbiológicas em cada uma das amostras. Resultados: Nas amostras não tratadas havia concentrações altas de unidades platina, cobalto e turbidez. O cloro residual livre em duas amostras de água tratada estava abaixo dos limites estabele-cidos. Microrganismos heterótrofos e coliformes foram detectados em amostras de água obtidas de fontes de abastecimento. Os cistos de Giardia e os oocistos de Cryptosporidium foram encontrados em dois pontos. Das 13 amostras estudadas, três apresentaram um índice de risco para a qualidade não higiénica da água. Conclusões: Ficou evidente que a água está em um nível de risco sanitário inviável, o que mostra que o sistema de tratamento é insuficiente para garantir o abastecimento da água adequada para o consumo humano.


Assuntos
Controle da Qualidade da Água , Qualidade da Água , Cryptosporidium , Coliformes , Giardia
4.
Acta Trop ; 223: 106074, 2021 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34358510

RESUMO

Free living amoebae (FLA) can be found in different environments, where they feed on diverse microorganisms. Some bacteria preyed by FLA are called amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARB), as they can resist to lysosomal fusion and are capable of multiplying and evading FLA after internalization, propagating in the environment. Despite the health risks due to the existence of pathogenic and opportunistic species that are ARB and the pathogenicity of some FLA species, there are no water quality protocols to analyze the presence of ARB or FLA. In this sense, our study aimed to isolate FLA through amoebal enrichment and to identify ARB using amoebal coculture in water samples from a public park and two hospitals in southern Brazil. As a result, 9 different microorganisms genera have been identified through amoebal coculture, including fastidious Legionella spp. and Bosea vestrisii. From the positive samples for FLA, by amoebal enrichment, Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba vermiformis and Naegleria spp. were identified in 14 amoebic isolates. The methodologies used in this work proved to be effective as simple and low-cost methods to be used in the implementation in water quality control of anthropogenic environments.


Assuntos
Amoeba , Monitoramento Ambiental , Purificação da Água , Amoeba/isolamento & purificação , Bradyrhizobiaceae , Brasil , Técnicas de Cocultura , Legionella , Controle de Qualidade , Água
5.
Huan Jing Ke Xue ; 42(5): 2558-2564, 2021 May 08.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33884827

RESUMO

The key to water reclamation and reuse is water quality safety insurance and risk control. Microbial risk control is an important issue that requires priority during the safe reuse of reclaimed water. This paper systematically summarizes the control requirements for microbial indicators in China's current water reuse standards, focusing on the necessity and deficiencies of water quality targets and microbial indicator concentration control. The performance targets based on the removal requirements of microorganisms together with the methodology and implementation strategies are introduced in detail for the first time. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the microbial control method of water reclamation based on the combination of water quality targets and performance targets, which could provide support for the safe reuse of reclaimed water in China.

6.
Mar Environ Res ; 153: 104824, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31735509

RESUMO

Coastal lagoons are among the most productive systems in the world. Many marine species make use of this by entering the lagoons as juveniles for nursery and growth before returning to the sea for reproduction. Humans take advantage of such fish migration processes by fishing, and exploit the high productivity for aquaculture activities. The Mar Menor is one of the largest coastal lagoons in the Mediterranean, sustaining relatively high fishing intensity despite the fact that it has traditionally been characterized as highly oligotrophic. However, in the last decades, this lagoon has suffered drastic changes induced by human activities. This has led to eutrophication, which started mainly as a consequence of changes in agricultural practices in the lagoon watershed, and triggered such fundamental changes in the system, as the mass development of jellyfish. The aim of this work is to capture and analyse the structure and functioning of the trophic web of the Mar Menor when it was still, in contrast to other coastal lagoons, oligotrophic, to provide a start point for analysing the consequences of changes in the distribution of macrophyte meadows and of eutrophication. We have compiled a detailed trophic model of this lagoon, comprising 94 compartments, using an ECOPATH model to capture the period 1980-1995. At this time the lagoon was an autotrophic system with a high net surplus of production that reached 9124.31gC/m2/year, while the production/biomass (P/B) ratio reached 34.56 and the total primary production/total respiration ratio was 7.01. The lagoon exported a 38.46% of total flows, including the catch by fishing, and 44.40% went to detritus. The primary production was mainly benthic (99.4%) due to the microphytobenthos and macrophytes. However, despite the fact that total fishery landings in the study period ranged between 144,835.5 and 346,708.5 kg, the gross efficiency was low, making up only 0.005% of the net primary production. This could partly be explained by the high trophic level of the fish catch (2.9), but mainly because most of the primary production (10,532.06 gC/m2/year) went directly to the detritus pool and was accumulated in the sediment in the Caulerpa prolifera meadows. We suggest several reasons why such high productivity coincided with low chlorophyll concentrations and good overall water quality: 1) the domination of both benthic biomass and primary production over pelagic ones with a high biomass of filter feeders, detritus feeders and scavengers, 2) high species diversity, complex and long food webs characterized by low connectance,3) the export of a significant part of the production from the system, and 4) the accumulation of surplus organic matter (as detritus) in sediments. We compare the food web of the Mar Menor in this mentioned oligotrophic stage to those of ten other lagoons in pursuit of more general implications regarding lagoon ecosystem functioning.

7.
Bioresour Technol ; 284: 36-42, 2019 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30925421

RESUMO

In this work, calcined mussel shell powder (CMSP) was activated by K2CO3 (K-CMSP), and this porous K-CMSP surface was modified by L-arginine (L-ARG) to render porous biomass a positively charged surface, which was innovatively utilized as a carrier to immobilize microalgae by adsorption via electrostatic interactions. The pore and the surface structures of CMSP and K-CMSP were characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET and SEM. The surface morphology of immobilized microalgae was visualized via using inverted optical microscope and SEM. It was found that microalgae could survive for 60 days, and the loss rate of chlorophyll-a preserved at -24 °C was the lowest, 44.73%. The microalgae could revive to normal growth level within 10 days and the cell content of microalgae was the highest at 25 °C, 2.8022 × 106 cell/mL. At 25 °C, the highest removal rate of N and P was obtained about 95.0% and 88.63%, respectively.


Assuntos
Bivalves , Microalgas , Nitrogênio/química , Fosfatos/química , Águas Residuárias/química , Animais , Biomassa , Microalgas/crescimento & desenvolvimento
8.
Rev. baiana saúde pública ; 43(1): 194-208, 2019.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1140147

RESUMO

A elaboração, formulação, execução e avaliação da qualidade da água, com envolvimento ativo da população, é fundamental para melhorar o modelo vigente de vigilância. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as informações disponíveis sobre o heterocontrole e controle da fluoretação da água para abastecimento público em uma região metropolitana brasileira. Foi realizado levantamento de documentos de gestão, de trabalhos científicos que incluiu textos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa publicados entre 1953 e 2015, e de informações nos sites das prefeituras e da empresa de abastecimento. Foram identificados: o ano do levantamento dos dados; número de municípios incluídos; tema principal; autores/instituições; método de pesquisa; análise de concentração do fluoreto e qual o nível encontrado. Para as informações encontradas nos sites identificou-se o ano, a fonte, característica e trecho principal. Cinco textos científicos foram identificados referentes ao tema nos municípios estudados, além de informações baseadas em relatórios de gestão, disponíveis do Centro Colaborador do Ministério da Saúde em Vigilância da Saúde Bucal. As informações presentes nos sites da empresa e prefeituras eram superficiais e não foram encontrados dados de controle/heterocontrole da fluoretação. A socialização das informações sobre o controle da água e, em particular, sobre a fluoretação, é importante para inserir essa temática no debate sobre saúde bucal e para garantir a realização dessa política no resgate de uma água tratada, de qualidade, sem intermitência e com flúor.


The elaboration, formulation, execution, and evaluation of water quality, together with the active involvement of the population, is essential to improve the current surveillance model. This study analyzed the information available on the external and general control of public water supply fluoridation in a Brazilian metropolitan region. A survey of management documents and scientific articles was carried out including texts in Portuguese and English, published between 1953 and 2015. Additionally, the websites of the municipalities and the supply company were searched for information. For analysis, the year of data collection, the number of municipalities included, the main theme, the authors/institutions, the research method, the analysis and the level of fluoride concentration were identified. For the information found on the websites, the year, source, characteristics, and main section were identified. Five scientific texts and information based on management reports made available by the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health in Oral Health Surveillance were found. Information on the company and city hall websites was superficial and no fluoridation control and external control data were found. The socialization of information on water control and on fluoridation is important to insert this theme in the oral health debate. In addition, to support the continuity of this policy to rescue treated, quality water, without intermittence and with fluoride.


La elaboración, formulación, ejecución y evaluación de la calidad del agua, con la participación activa de la población, es fundamental para mejorar el modelo de vigilancia actual. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las informaciones disponibles sobre el heterocontrol y el control de la fluoración de agua de abastecimiento público en una región metropolitana brasileña. Se realizó una recogida de documentos de gestión y trabajos científicos, que incluyó textos en portugués e inglés publicados entre 1953 y 2015. También se buscó información en los sitios web de los ayuntamientos y la empresa de abastecimiento. Se identificaron los siguientes: el año de recolección de datos; número de municipios incluidos; tema principal; autores/instituciones; método de investigación; análisis de la concentración de fluoruro y qué nivel se encuentra. De las informaciones encontradas en los sitios web, se identificaron el año, la fuente, la característica y la parte principal. Se identificaron cinco textos científicos sobre el tema en los municipios estudiados, además de informaciones basadas en informes de gestión, disponibles en el Centro Colaborador del Ministerio de Salud en Vigilancia de la Salud Oral. Las informaciones en los sitios web de la empresa y de los ayuntamientos fueron superficiales y no se encontraron datos de control/heterocontrol de fluoración. La socialización de las informaciones sobre el control del agua y, en particular, sobre la fluoración, es importante para insertar este tema en el debate sobre la salud bucal y garantizar la realización de esa política en el rescate del agua tratada y de calidad, sin intermitente y con flúor.


Assuntos
Abastecimento de Água , Qualidade da Água , Fluoretação , Coleta de Dados
9.
J. bras. nefrol ; 40(4): 344-350, Out.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-984588

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney failure is a disease that affects the functions of the kidneys and can cause irreversible kidney failure over time. Among the main factors that cause this disease are hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The number of patients presenting this clinical condition has been increasing in Brazil, leading to an increase in renal replacement therapy, such as hemodialysis. Material and methods: In the state of São Paulo, a joint action between the Adolfo Lutz Institute, the Sanitary Surveillance Center, and the Sanitary Surveillance Groups have promoted the State Program for the Monitoring of Water Treated for Dialysis since 2007 to evaluate the chemical and microbiological quality of the water used in dialysis in compliance with the current legislation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the monitoring program developed between 2010 and 2016 as a tool for corrective action when unsatisfactory results are observed. Results: The level of satisfactory results during the period varied from 85.8 to 98.0%, indicating an increase in the adequacy of the dialysis services in producing water with adequate quality for patient health. Conclusion: The design adopted in the state monitoring program is highly effective based on new collections after the joint actions of the Sanitary Surveillance System and the State Dialysis Services.


RESUMO Introdução: A Insuficiência Renal Crônica caracteriza-se como uma doença que afeta as funções dos rins, podendo causar a falência irreversível dos órgãos ao longo do tempo. Dentre os principais fatores que podem causar a doença, destacam-se a hipertensão arterial e o diabetes mellitus. O número de pacientes com esse quadro clínico - que precisam submeter-se a procedimentos de tratamentos renais substitutivos, como a hemodiálise - vem aumentando no país. Materiais e métodos: No estado de São Paulo, uma ação conjunta entre o Instituto Adolfo Lutz, o Centro de Vigilância Sanitária e Grupos de Vigilância Sanitária vem promovendo, desde 2007, o Programa Estadual de Monitoramento de Água Tratada para Diálise para avaliar a qualidade química e microbiológica da água utilizada em tratamentos dialíticos, em atendimento à legislação vigente. Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o Programa de Monitoramento desenvolvido entre 2010 a 2016, como ferramenta para tomadas de ações corretivas quando resultados insatisfatórios foram observados. Resultados: O nível de resultados satisfatórios no período variou de 85,8% a 98,0%, indicando aumento de adequação dos Serviços de Diálise na produção de água com qualidade necessária à preservação da saúde dos pacientes. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que o delineamento adotado no programa estadual de monitoramento, com novas colheitas após tomadas de ações conjuntas entre os órgãos do Sistema de Vigilância Sanitária e as equipes dos Serviços de Diálise do estado, apresenta alta efetividade.


Assuntos
Humanos , Controle de Qualidade , Qualidade da Água/normas , Diálise Renal , Fatores de Tempo , Brasil , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
10.
Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública ; 36(3): 100-108, sep.-dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-985117

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La calidad del agua para consumo humano es un factor determinante en las condiciones de salud de las poblaciones. La diferencia entre prevenir o transmitir las enfermedades de origen hídrico depende de varios factores, como la calidad y la continuidad del servicio de suministro de agua. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua (irca) para consumo humano en zonas urbanas del departamento de Boyacá en el periodo de 2004 a 2013. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo. Se incluyeron 122 acueductos de las zonas urbanas de los municipios del departamento de Boyacá, para la evaluación del irca. La toma de muestra se hizo según normatividad establecida y para ello se capacitó a técnicos en saneamiento ambiental. Se realizaron análisis físicos, químicos y microbiológicos (coliformes totales, Escherichia coli, color aparente, turbiedad, pH y cloro residual libre). Las variables analizadas se registraron en el sistema de información de la vigilancia de la calidad del agua para consumo humano (sivicap). También se hizo análisis estadístico de medidas de tendencia central y de promedios. Resultados: De los 122 municipios de Boyacá, en el año 2004, el 77 % se encontraban con irca en riesgo alto y 23 % en riesgo medio. A través del tiempo se evidencia la disminución en el nivel de riesgo, encontrándose, en el año 2013, el 3 % en riesgo alto, el 14 % riesgo medio, el 29 % en riesgo bajo y el 54 % sin riesgo. Conclusiones: Durante el periodo estudiado en el departamento de Boyacá, el irca evidenció una tendencia a la disminución, pasando de riesgo alto a riesgo bajo, esto debido posiblemente a la implementación e intensificación de acciones de vigilancia en salud ambiental, llevadas a cabo por la Secretaría de Salud del departamento, como visitas de inspección sanitaria, verificación de buenas prácticas sanitarias, capacitación personalizada a operarios de planta de tratamiento y monitoreo permanente.


Abstract Introduction: The quality of water for human consumption is a determining factor in the health conditions of populations. The difference between preventing and transmitting water-borne diseases depends on several factors, such as the quality and continuity of the water supply service. Objective: To de termine the performance of the índice de riesgo de la calidad del agua (water quality risk index, irca) for human consump tion in urban areas of the department of Boyacá from 2004 to 2013. Methodology: Descriptive study. 122 aqueducts of the urban zones of the municipalities of the Boyacá department were included in the irca evaluation. The sample was taken according to established regulations and for this, technicians were trained in environmental sanitation. Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, visible color, turbidity, pH and free residual chlorine). The variables analyzed were recorded in the water quality monitoring information system for human consump tion (sivicap, as per its Spanish acronym). Statistical analysis of central trend measures and averages was also performed. Results: In 2004, in 122 municipalities of Boyacá, 77% had an irca at high risk and 23% at medium risk. Over time, the re has been a decrease in the level of risk, 3% had high risk, 14% medium risk, 29% low risk and 54% were without risk in 2013. Conclusions: In the period studied in the department of Boyacá, the irca showed a tendency to decrease, going from high risk to low risk, possibly due to the implementation and intensification of environmental health surveillance actions carried out by the department's Ministry of Health, such as health inspection visits, verification of good health practices, personalized training for treatment plant operators and perma nent monitoring.


Resumo Introdução: A qualidade da agua para consumo humano é um fator determinante nas condições da saúde das populações. A diferencia entre prevenir ou transmitir as doenças de origem hí drico depende de vários fatores, como a qualidade e a continui dade do serviço do fornecimento da água. Objetivo: Determinar o comportamento do índice de risco da qualidade da água (irca) para consumo humano nas zonas urbanas do departamento de Boyacá no período de 2004 ao 2013. Metodologia: Estudo des critivo. Se incluíram 122 aquedutos das zonas urbanas dos mu nicípios do departamento de Boyacá, para a avaliação do irca. A coleta da amostra se fez segundo normatividade estabelecida e pra isto se capacitou aos técnicos no saneamento ambiental. Se realizaram análises físicos, químicos e microbiológicos (colifor mes totais, Escherichia coli, color aparente, turbidez, pH e cloro residual livre). As variáveis analisadas se cadastraram no siste ma de informação da vigilância da qualidade da água para con sumo humano (sivicap). Também se fez análise estatístico das medidas de tendência central e das médias. Resultantes: Dos 122 municípios de Boyacá, no ano de 2004, o 77 % se encontra va com irca num risco alto e 23 % no risco médio. A través do tempo se evidencia a diminuição no nível de risco, encontrando-se, no ano de 2013, o 3 % no risco alto, no 14 % risco médio, o 29 % no risco baixo e o 54 % sem risco. Conclusões: Durante o período estudado no departamento de Boyacá, o irca eviden ciou uma tendência para a diminuição, passando de risco alto pro risco baixo, isto devido possivelmente pela implementação e a intensificação de ações de vigilância da saúde ambiental, levadas a bom fim pela Secretaria da Saúde do departamento, como visitas de inspeção sanitária, verificação de boas práticas sanitárias, capacitação personalizada aos operários de usina de tratamento e tamisado permanente.

11.
Cad. saúde colet., (Rio J.) ; 25(4): 414-422, out.-dez. 2017. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-890042

RESUMO

Resumo Introdução O heterocontrole, que é o monitoramento da concentração de fluoreto na água de abastecimento, deve ser feito por instituições do Estado e tem sido motivado para garantir a eficácia e a segurança da fluoretação. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o heterocontrole de municípios com população acima de 50 mil habitantes da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Metodologia Dados sobre o heterocontrole foram fornecidos pelos serviços de Vigilância em Saúde dos municípios do estudo e analisados de acordo com o critério técnico do CECOL para a concentração de fluoreto. Resultados Em alguns municípios e meses, houve falha na realização das coletas de amostras de água em relação ao número adequado para o parâmetro fluoreto. Do total de amostras analisadas, somente 51,5% estavam na faixa de melhor benefício-risco para a concentração de fluoreto, com 8% de benefício e risco insignificantes e 0,1% das amostras com concentração de fluoreto de alto risco, sem nenhum benefício. Conclusão Os municípios analisados realizaram o heterocontrole, com períodos em que o número de coletas não foi adequado. As concentrações de fluoreto na água de abastecimento dos municípios do estudo apresentaram resultado pouco satisfatório. O heterocontrole é fundamental para manter os teores de fluoreto em níveis adequados.


Abstract Introduction External control is the monitoring of fluoride concentration in the water supply that must be done by state institutions, and has been motivated to ensure the efficacy and safety of fluoridation. This study aimed to analyze the external control of municipalities with more than 50.000 inhabitants in the metropolitan region of Curitiba in the years 2014 and 2015. Methodology Health surveillance services of the studied municipalities provided external control data, which were analyzed according to the technical criterion of the CECOL for fluoride content. Results Collection of water samples failed in some municipalities and months for an adequate number for the fluoride parameter. From the total samples analyzed, only 51.5% were in the best benefit-risk range for the fluoride concentration. Eight percent of the samples presented insignificant benefit and risk and 0.1% showed a high-risk fluoride concentration, without any benefit. Conclusion the analyzed municipalities performed the external control, with periods of inadequate sample collections. Fluoride concentrations in the supply water of the study municipalities presented an unsatisfactory result. The main goal of external control is to maintain fluoride levels at adequate levels.

12.
Sensors (Basel) ; 18(1)2017 Dec 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29295592

RESUMO

The use of a voltammetric electronic tongue for the quantitative analysis of quality parameters in spring water is proposed here. The electronic voltammetric tongue consisted of a set of four noble electrodes (iridium, rhodium, platinum, and gold) housed inside a stainless steel cylinder. These noble metals have a high durability and are not demanding for maintenance, features required for the development of future automated equipment. A pulse voltammetry study was conducted in 83 spring water samples to determine concentrations of nitrate (range: 6.9-115 mg/L), sulfate (32-472 mg/L), fluoride (0.08-0.26 mg/L), chloride (17-190 mg/L), and sodium (11-94 mg/L) as well as pH (7.3-7.8). These parameters were also determined by routine analytical methods in spring water samples. A partial least squares (PLS) analysis was run to obtain a model to predict these parameter. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) was applied in the preprocessing step. Calibration (67%) and validation (33%) sets were selected randomly. The electronic tongue showed good predictive power to determine the concentrations of nitrate, sulfate, chloride, and sodium as well as pH and displayed a lower R² and slope in the validation set for fluoride. Nitrate and fluoride concentrations were estimated with errors lower than 15%, whereas chloride, sulfate, and sodium concentrations as well as pH were estimated with errors below 10%.

13.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 102(2): 323-8, 2016 Jan 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26952992

RESUMO

Japan experienced severe environmental problems including water pollution and damages to aquatic organisms and fishery industry through and after the high economic growth period in the 1960s. One of the countermeasures to address these problems was the Total Pollutant Load Control System (TPLCS), which has been implemented with the aim of reducing the total amount of pollutant loads, specifically targeting Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The TPLCS has significantly improved the quality of the coastal sea water. However, while the accumulated pollutant loads from the past industrialization have still remained, new environmental concerns have arisen. Our new environmental policies are thus to deal with conservation of biological diversity and other related marine environmental issues. Japan has entered a new phase of environmental management, setting the new direction and framework toward a beautiful, bio-diverse, bustling-with-people and bountiful sea.


Assuntos
Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluição da Água/análise , Poluição da Água/prevenção & controle , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Japão , Nitrogênio/análise , Oceanos e Mares , Fósforo/análise
14.
Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 15(4): 421-428, dez. 2011. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-790497

RESUMO

Realizar o mapeamento dos níveis de fluoretosdas águas de poços, cisternas e de águas engarrafadascomercializadas no município de Campo Alegre de Lourdes-BA. Material e Métodos: Na zona urbana, a coleta de águasde cisternas foi domiciliar. As águas minerais foram adquiridasnos mercados. Foram coletadas amostras de águas de 11cisternas, dois poços e sete águas minerais engarrafadas.Na zona rural, foram sorteadas 18 amostras de cisternas devilas rurais. Resultados: As concentrações de fluoretos dascisternas dos bairros variaram de 0,08 a 0,48 ppmF. A maiorconcentração de fluoretos presente nas águas mineraisindustrializadas foi de 0,24 ppmF. A maioria das águasminerais não possuía em seu rótulo a concentração de fluor.As concentrações de fluoretos dos poços variam de 0,03 a0,27 ppmF. Em relação às águas da zona rural, observou-semaior concentração de fluoretos na água da vila Arroz 0,51ppmF e a menor na Barra em 0,03 ppmF. Conclusão: Aconcentração de fluoretos das águas de consumo domunicípio não proporciona risco ao consumidor, podendoser ingerida por crianças na fase de desenvolvimento dadentição. Por outro lado, as águas também não atingiram asconcentrações ideais para a prevenção da cárie dentária...


To evaluate fluoride concentration levels in watersamples from wells, cisterns, and bottled waters marketedin the municipality of Campo Alegre de Lourdes (BA).Methodology: In the urban area, samples from cisterns werecollected at home. Bottled waters were acquired in themarkets. Were collected samples from 11 cisterns, 02 wellsand 07 bottled waters. In the rural area, 18 samples fromcisterns were randomized. Results: Fluoride concentrationsin the cisterns water evaluated ranged from 0.08 to 0.48ppmF. The highest concentration of fluoride was 0.24 ppmF.Most samples of bottled waters did not disclose fluorideconcentration in their labels. Fluoride concentration in thewells ranged from 0.03 to 0.27 ppmF. Concerning to ruralarea, the highest concentration of fluoride in the water wasfound in Arroz (0.51 ppmF) and the lowest in Barra (0.03ppmF). Conclusion: The fluoride concentration present insources of drinkable water in the city provides no risk toconsumption, and may be ingested by children during dentitiondevelopment. Contrariwise, water did not reach a fluorideconcentration capable of acting in the prevention of dentalcaries...


Assuntos
Humanos , Controle da Qualidade da Água , Flúor/análise , Vigilância Sanitária , Água Potável , Rotulagem de Produtos
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...