Clinical application of water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound in nasal-jejunum intubation for critical patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound in nasal-jejunum intubation for critical patients.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled trial. Eighty patients who needed indwelling nasobenteric tube were selected from June 2021 to April 2022 in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. They were divided into control group ( n=40) and experimental group ( n=40) by systemic randomization. For the patients in the experimental group, the intubation was performed by water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound. For the control group, the traditional method was applicated under the guidance of ultrasound. Using abdominal X-ray as the gold standard of successful pylorus posterior catheterization, the result of catheterization, time of operation, efficiency of positioning in the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results:In the experimental group, 38 cases were successfully intubated, 2 were failed; in the control group, 27 cases were successfully intubated, 13 were failed, and all the failed cases in the control group were then successfully intubated again by using method of the experimental group. The success rate of tube placement in the experimental group was 95.0% (38/40), which was higher than 67.5% (27/40) in the control group ( χ2 = 9.93, P<0.05). The average time of operation in the experimental group was (45.2 ± 14.2) min, which was significantly lower than (70.2 ± 17.7) min in the control group, the difference was significantly different ( t=-5.51, P<0.05). The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic rate of nasal-jejunum intubation positioning in the experimental group were 100.0% respectively, higher than 38.4%, 77.7%, 72.4%, 45.4%, 65.0% in the control group; the false positive rate, false negative rate in the experimental group were both 0, lower than 22.2%, 61.5% in the control group, with statistically significant differences( χ2 values were 4.69- 16.97, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Water-filling with "four-eyes" sign under the guidance of ultrasound in nasal-jejunum intubation was a new method which can shorten the operation time and increase the success rate for intubation. It has relatively high positioning accuracy and possess valuable clinical application.

Optimization of Bit Allocation for Spatial Multiplexing in MIMO VLC System with Smartphones.

This paper focuses on the hardware components of smartphones, namely, the use of displays and cameras in mobile devices as transmitters and receivers to establish a near-field multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) system. Based on the relationship between the grayscale values of transmitted and received signals, the physical channel responses are detected and approximated with a high-order regression to obtain the channel gain. With the constraint of bit numbers in the MIMO VLC system, an integer-type water-filling scheme was designed for bit allocation to improve transmission efficiency. The physical examinations show that bit error rate (BER) reduction can be 26.4% with Gaussian noise of 30 dB and detected channel gain compared with the equal bit allocation. The optimization of the simulation was confirmed with the bit assignments in real cases.

Local Water-Filling Algorithm for Shadow Detection and Removal of Document Images.

Shadow detection and removal is an important task for digitized document applications. It is hard for many methods to distinguish shadow from printed text due to the high darkness similarity. In this paper, we propose a local water-filling method to remove shadows by mapping a document image into a structure of topographic surface. Firstly, we design a local water-filling approach including a flooding and effusing process to estimate the shading map, which can be used to detect umbra and penumbra. Then, the umbra is enhanced using Retinex Theory. For penumbra, we propose a binarized water-filling strategy to correct illumination distortions. Moreover, we build up a dataset called optical shadow removal (OSR dataset), which includes hundreds of shadow images. Experiments performed on OSR dataset show that our method achieves an average ErrorRatio of 0.685 with a computation time of 0.265 s to process an image size of 960×544 pixels on a desktop. The proposed method can remove the shading artifacts and outperform some state-of-the-art methods, especially for the removal of shadow boundaries.

A Machine Learning Approach to Achieving Energy Efficiency in Relay-Assisted LTE-A Downlink System.

In recent years, Energy Efficiency (EE) has become a critical design metric for cellular systems. In order to achieve EE, a fine balance between throughput and fairness must also be ensured. To this end, in this paper we have presented various resource block (RB) allocation schemes in relay-assisted Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) networks. Driven by equal power and Bisection-based Power Allocation (BOPA) algorithm, the Maximum Throughput (MT) and an alternating MT and proportional fairness (PF)-based SAMM (abbreviated with Authors' names) RB allocation scheme is presented for a single relay. In the case of multiple relays, the dependency of RB and power allocation on relay deployment and users' association is first addressed through a k-mean clustering approach. Secondly, to reduce the computational cost of RB and power allocation, a two-step neural network (NN) process (SAMM NN) is presented that uses SAMM-based unsupervised learning for RB allocation and BOPA-based supervised learning for power allocation. The results for all the schemes are compared in terms of EE and user throughput. For a single relay, SAMM BOPA offers the best EE, whereas SAMM equal power provides the best fairness. In the case of multiple relays, the results indicate SAMM NN achieves better EE compared to SAMM equal power and BOPA, and it also achieves better throughput fairness compared to MT equal power and MT BOPA.

The diagnosis value of hypotonic water filling method and CT multi planar reconstruction in stomach tumors / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the value in the diagnosis of tumor of the stomach by hypotonic water filling method com-bined with CT multi planar reconstruction (MPR).Methods CT image data of 21 5 cases with gastric tumor confirmed by operation and pathology in our hospital were analysed retrospectively.Conventional CT enhanced scan was obtained in patients with the stom-ach hypotonic water filling condition,and MPR CT characteristics of lesions were observed.Results In the 21 5 cases of gastric be-nign or malignant lesions,MPR showed 5 pathological types in 210 cases.In the conventional CT examination,the tumor diagnosis rate had obvious improvement in different gastric parts and types of the stomach tumors through CT MPR.Conclusion There is high detection rate in the diagnosis of gastric tumors using hypotonic water filling method with MPR,which can accurately display invasion and metastasis,and reduce the misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis in gastric tumor.