Validation of the Hungarian version of the 6-item turnover intention scale among elderly care workers.

This research examines the psychometric characteristics and reliability of the 6-item turnover intention scale (TIS-6) by Bothma and Roodt (SA J Hum Resour Manag 11:a507, 2013) on a Hungarian sample. The internal validity of the TIS-6 was assessed using data from 269 Hungarian elderly care institution workers. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to analyse the structural validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined with questions on job characteristics and using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale. IBM SPSS 28.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, and the results were considered significant at p < 0.05. The internal consistency of the questionnaire's scale proved to be acceptable (α = 0.826). Convergent validity was confirmed by the relationships between the components of the questionnaire and burnout (rs = 0.512; p < 0.001; rs = 0.419; p < 0.001) and workplace stress (rs = 0.565; p < 0.001; rs = 0.310; p < 0.001). There were significant differences between the TIS-6 scores among the groups with different degrees of burnout (p < 0.001), which indicated adequate discriminant validity of the questionnaire. The structural validity of the questionnaire was acceptable, and the scale questions fit well. The Hungarian version of the TIS-6 scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing turnover intention among elderly care institution workers in Hungary.

Vicarious trauma in the judicial workplace: state liability for judicial psychiatric injury in Australia.

There is developing, yet strong, evidence that judicial officers are seriously affected by exposure to traumatic material. The risk and prevalence of psychiatric injury to judges is now increasingly recognised. In the light of growing recognition by the High Court of Australia of the likelihood of psychiatric harm arising in people whose work exposes them to traumatic material in Kozarov v Victoria ('Kozarov'), we investigate through legal analysis the possibility that judicial officers may be entitled to compensation for such harm. This might seem straightforward after the High Court decided in Kozarov that the State was liable in negligence for trauma-related psychiatric injury to an employee lawyer caused in the court-related work environment. We argue in this article that, while there are strong arguments which support liability in negligence for judicial officers as non-employees, nevertheless such claims will be complex and will face a range of hurdles and barriers including those arising from judicial independence and judicial immunity.

Unpacking workplace stress and forensic expert decision-making: From theory to practice.

Workplace stress can affect forensic experts' job satisfaction and performance, which holds financial and other implications for forensic service providers. Therefore, it is important to understand and manage workplace stress, but that is not simple or straightforward. This paper explores stress as a human factor that influences forensic expert decision-making. First, we identify and highlight three factors that mitigate decisions under stress conditions: nature of decision, individual differences, and context of decision. Second, we situate workplace stress in forensic science within the Challenge-Hindrance Stressor Framework. We argue that stressors in forensic science workplaces can have a positive or a negative impact, depending on the type, level, and context of stress. Developing an understanding of the stressors, their sources, and their possible impact can help forensic service providers and researchers to implement context-specific interventions to manage stress at work and optimize expert performance.

Stress and burnout in the context of workplace psychosocial factors among mental health professionals during the later waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary.

Background: While literature is abundant on the negative mental health impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, few studies focus on the Central and Eastern European region. Objectives: We examined stress, burnout, and sleeping troubles among mental health professionals in the context of psychosocial risk factors related to participation in COVID care during the fourth and fifth waves. Materials and methods: Mental health professionals (N=268) completed an online cross-sectional survey in Hungary, between November 2021 and April 2022. Of the respondents, 58.2% directly participated in COVID care. The main data collection instrument was the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ II), including 20 subscales on work-related psychosocial factors and 3 outcome scales (stress, burnout, and sleeping troubles). We added a question on competence transgression, and items on sociodemographic and professional background. Results: Participation in COVID care was associated with higher work pace (59.08 versus 49.78), more role conflicts (55.21 versus 45.93), lower scores on the influence at work (38.18 versus 51.79), predictability (44.71 versus 57.03), reward (55.82 versus 65.03), role clarity (70.19 versus 75.37), social support from supervisor (59.24 versus 65.55), job satisfaction (54.36 versus 62.84), trust regarding management (55.89 versus 67.86), justice and respect (44.51 versus 54.35) scales. Among those involved in COVID care, only the stress score was higher (47.96 vs. 42.35) in the total sample; however, among psychiatrists, both stress (52.16 vs. 38.60) and burnout scores (58.30 vs. 47.06) were higher. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that work-family conflict, emotional demands and workplace commitment were independent predictors of higher stress and burnout scores; furthermore, competence transgression had a significant effect on stress, and being a psychiatric specialist had a significant effect on burnout. These models explained 40.5% of the variance for stress and 39.8% for burnout. Conclusion: During the fourth and fifth waves, although COVID care was more well-organized, psychiatrists, as specialist physicians responsible for the quality of the care, were still experiencing challenges regarding their competence and influence at work, which may explain their increased levels of stress and burnout.

Using Concepts of Photovoice to Engage in Discussions Related to Burnout and Wellbeing.

The purpose of this study was to identify essential skills and abilities for mitigating job-related stressors and preventing burnout while also establishing connections between students and community health workers to provide students with a deeper comprehension of the challenges inherent to their future professions. Ten community health workers were interviewed and asked to present photographs that explored sources of burnout and promotions of well-being. The photographs along with quotes were displayed in a gallery style exhibit for students to view and talk with the community health workers and complete a survey. Using thematic analysis, the interviews resulted in four common factors that contribute to burnout: (1) workload demands, (2) unrealistic exceptions, (3) amount of time dedicated to care, and (4) lack of work-life balance. The themes that emerged from student responses were (1) learning self-care practices, (2) gaining insight into the need for self-care, (3) a sense of connection, and (4) exposure to different healthcare careers. This study demonstrates the importance of connecting students with community health workers. It increases understanding of the demands of their future professions as well as resources and engagement opportunities available to them as a part of their respective professional community.

In-depth exploration of challenges faced by women in the Turkish maritime industry: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Women are underrepresented in the maritime industry compared to men. This sector continues to perpetuate gender discrimination and stereotypes, often overlooking women's physical competence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-faceted challenges faced by Turkish female officers, unveiling the different dimensions of these challenges, and providing a comprehensive understanding of their experiences. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 Turkish female officers actively working on seagoing vessels. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The challenges faced by female officers were examined using content analysis. A total of 50 different codes were identified within 10 categories. The categories are gender inequality, violence, restriction of freedom, work-family conflict, mental health, physical differences, unsafe living space, insufficient communication with management, lack of psychometric testing and limited access to health services. CONCLUSION: By shedding light on the unique obstacles faced by female officers in Turkey, this study enhances our understanding of the underlying challenges and lays the groundwork for the implementation of effective policies and practices that promote the empowerment of women in the maritime industry.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Decent Work Questionnaire and its effect on job satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Work to develop a universal tool for the psychological evaluation and measurement of decent work is relatively new. In addition, the Decent Work Questionnaire, which evaluates decent work using a psychological approach, has not yet been adapted and validated in the Turkish sample group. OBJECTIVE: To adapt and validate the Turkish version of the Decent Work Questionnaire and to evaluate the effect of decent work on the job satisfaction among knowledge workers. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 906 knowledge workers. In the process of adapting and validating the Decent Work Questionnaire, the structural validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, and compatibility of the sample group data were tested. The effect of decent work on job satisfaction of knowledge workers was examined using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The Decent Work Questionnaire was validated in the Turkish sample. The results showed that the reliability coefficients and dimensions of the Decent Work Questionnaire were highly satisfactory and consistent with the scale developers' study. According to another result of the study, decent work was found to have a significant and positive effect on Turkish knowledge workers' job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: This study will fill gaps in the literature and will also contribute to the evaluation of decent work in all areas of the labor market, identifying its shortcomings and contributing to the development of effective human resource policies.

Assessment Of Workplace Related Factors Affecting Tolerance Of Ambiguity Among Trainee Doctors.

OBJECTIVE: To assess workplace factorsinfluencing the tolerance of ambiguity among trainee doctors. METHODS: The sequential mixed-method study was conducted from June 2021 to February 2022 at the Fauji Foundation Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised postgraduate trainee doctors of either gender associated with various specialties.Thebaseline toleranceof ambiguity scorewas establishedusingtheToleranceofAmbiguity in Medical Students and Doctors scale. A group of selected trainees was interviewed face-to-face to examine the workplace factors that they regarded as beneficial or detrimental to their tolerance of ambiguity. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS 24 and thematic analysis was done for qualitative data. RESULTS: Of the 132 subjects, 59 (21.9%) were males and 73 (55.3%) were females. The overall mean age was 20.95±2.186 years. Of the total, 55(41.7%)subjects were in the first year of training, 28(21.2%) in the second year, 26 (19.6%) in the third year, and 23(17.4%) in the fourth year. There were 78(59.1%)trainees who were married compared to 54 (40.9%) who were unmarried. Against the baseline tolerance of ambiguity score of 132, the overall aggregate mean tolerance of ambiguity level was 71.28 ± 5.81 showing a moderate level. There was no significant correlation between the tolerance of ambiguity and the trainees'age, years oftraining and maritalstatus(p>0.05).The qualitative phase comprised interviews with 9(6.8%) subjects.Thematic analysis suggested that the traineesperceivedautonomy,peersupport,supervisorsupport,manageable workload, and professional development opportunities asfacilitat or softolerance of ambiguity,whilebarrierswere identified as poor physical environment, attitude ofseniors and supervisors, management issues and excessive workload.During the coronavirus diseae-2019 pandemic, excessive workload and fear of infection were identified asfactors affecting tolerance of ambiguity. CONCLUSIONS: The medical trainees were found to have a moderate level of tolerance to ambiguity. Autonomy, peer support, supervisor support, manageable workload, and professional development opportunities contributed positively to this aspect.

Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario de Tensión T3/15 en trabajadores de salud del Perú / Adaptation and Validation of the T3/15 Stress Questionnaire among Peruvian Healthcare Workers / Adaptação e validação do questionário de estresse T3/15, em trabalhadores de saúde no Peru

Introducción: la alta prevalencia de afecciones mentales relacionadas con los estados de tensión laboral en trabajadores del ámbito sanitario requiere una detección oportuna. Para su valoración se necesitan instrumentos válidos, confiables y fáciles de administrar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue adaptar y validar el Cuestionario de Tensión T3/15 de Meliá (1994), en una muestra de trabajadores de salud del Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo instrumental, en que participaron 302 trabajadores del sistema sanitario peruano, seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio estratificado. El proceso incluyó cambios en la terminología de algunos ítems, evaluación del contenido por jueces y prueba piloto. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. El número de factores se definió con el análisis paralelo de Horn y con el ajuste con análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: se obtuvo una versión reducida de diez ítems agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 67.13 % de la varianza total y un ajuste aceptable [χ2/gl = 3.08; nfi = 0.94; cfi = 0.95; srmr = 0.013; rmsea = 0.080 (ic90 %: 0.66-0.10)]. Los ítems discriminan satisfactoriamente; así como el cuestionario, según la variable sexo y grupo ocupacional. El alfa ordinal para incidencias sociopsicológicas de la tensión laboral fue de 0.752 y de 0.931 para tensión inducida por el trabajo; el omega de McDonald fue de 0.867 y 0.965, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la nueva versión reducida del cuestionario de tensión posee propiedades métricas aceptables; por tanto, se recomienda su uso para valorar la tensión laboral en trabajadores de salud y estudios de validación. Palabras clave: estrés laboral; personal de salud; encuestas de salud; psicometría, estudio de validación

Adaptación y validación del Cuestionario de Tensión T3/15 en trabajadores de salud del Perú2Rev. Cienc. Salud. Bogotá, Colombia, vol. 21(3): 1-12, septiembre-diciembre de 2023la terminología de algunos ítems, evaluación del contenido por jueces y prueba piloto. La validez de constructo se evaluó mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio. El número de factores se definió con el análisis paralelo de Horn y con el ajuste con análisis factorial confirmatorio. Resultados: se obtuvo una versión reducida de diez ítems agrupados en dos factores que explicaron el 67.13 % de la varianza total y un ajuste aceptable [χ2/gl = 3.08; nfi = 0.94; cfi = 0.95; srmr = 0.013; rmsea = 0.080 (ic90 %: 0.66-0.10)]. Los ítems discriminan satisfactoriamente; así como el cuestionario, según la variable sexo y grupo ocupacional. El alfa ordinal para incidencias sociopsicológicas de la tensión laboral fue de 0.752 y de 0.931 para tensión inducida por el trabajo; el omega de McDonald fue de 0.867 y 0.965, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la nueva versión reducida del cuestionario de tensión posee propiedades métricas aceptables; por tanto, se recomienda su uso para valorar la tensión laboral en trabajadores de salud y estudios de validación. Palabras clave: estrés laboral; personal de salud; encuestas de salud; psicometría, estudio de validación.AbstractIntroduction: The high prevalence of stress-related mental disorders among healthcare workers requires timely assessment and intervention. Accordingly, valid, reliable, and easy-to-administer instruments are required for this purpose. This study aimed to adapt and validate the T3/15 Tension Questionnaire by Meliá (1994) in a sample of Peruvian healthcare workers. Materials and methods: In this instrumental study, 302 workers from the Peruvian health system selected through stratified random sampling were included. The process included changes in the terminology of some items, content evaluation by judges, and pilot testing. Construct validity was assessed via exploratory factor analysis; the number of factors was defined using Horn's parallel analysis and the fit using confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A reduced version of 10 items was finally obtained, which were grouped into two factors that explained 67.13% of the total variance and an acceptable adjustment (χ²/gl = 3.08; nfi = 0.94; cfi = 0.95; srmr = 0.013; rmsea = 0.080 [ic90% = 0.66­0.10]). The items in the questionnaire satisfactorily discriminated according to the variable sex and occupational group. Ordinal alpha for sociopsychological incidences of stress at work was 0.752 and 0.931 for work-induced stress and McDonald's Omega was 0.867 and 0.965, respectively. Conclusions: The new reduced ver-sion of the stress questionnaire demonstrates acceptable metric properties and hence can be recommended for assessing the state of occupational stress among healthcare workers and validation studies

Introdução: a alta prevalência de doenças mentais relacionadas a estados de estresse laboral em trabalha-dores da saúde requer detecção oportuna. Instrumentos válidos, confiáveis e de fácil administração são necessários para sua avaliação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi adaptar e validar o Questionário de Estresse T3/15 de Meliá (1994), em uma amostra de profissionais de saúde do Peru. Materiais e métodos: estudo instrumental, participaram 302 trabalhadores do sistema de saúde peruano, selecionados por amostragem aleatória estratificada. O processo incluiu mudanças na terminologia de alguns itens, avaliação de conteúdo por juízes e teste piloto. A validade de construto foi avaliada pela análise fatorial exploratória, o número de fatores foi definido pela análise paralela de Horn e o ajuste pela análise fatorial confirmatória. Resultados:obteve-se uma versão reduzida de dez itens agrupados em dois fatores, que explicaram 67,13% da variância total e um ajuste aceitável (χ²/gl = 3,08;nfi = 0,94; cfi = 0,95; srmr = 0,013; rmsea = 0,080 [90% ic: 0,66-0,10]). Os itens discriminam satisfatoriamente; bem como o questionário de acordo com a variável sexo e grupo ocupacional. O alfa ordinal para incidências sociopsicológicas de estresse no trabalho foi de 0,752 e 0,931 para tensão induzida pelo trabalho, o ômega de McDonald foi de 0,867 e 0,965, respectivamente. Conclusões:a nova versão reduzida do questionário de estresse tem propriedades métricas aceitáveis; portanto, seu uso é recomendado para avaliar o estresse no trabalho em trabalhadores da saúde e estudos de validação

Factors Contributing to Stress and Well-Being Among Trainee Psychiatrists in Victoria, Australia.

Doctors in training experience stress, as they balance the demands of working and studying at the same time. As evidenced by reports of suicides among trainee doctors, it is clear that the level of stress they experience is dangerously high. Long working hours, which can lead to exhaustion, burnout, and time taken away from meaningful activities and relationships outside of work, are a large contributor to trainee stress and increase the likelihood of mental illness and suicidal ideation. For psychiatry trainees, this workload burden is also compounded by a high emotional burden associated with the nature of their work, including patient suicides, aggression, and threats. This study sought to investigate the factors that contribute to the stress and well-being of psychiatry trainees, through in-depth interviews analyzed via qualitative, template analysis. The main sources of stress identified were workload, aspects related to the psychiatry training program, and workplace-based aggression. Supervision, external supports such as family and health professionals, and distraction or "switching off" were the main sources of well-being support. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of structural factors in the workplace and training program in psychiatry trainee stress and well-being levels. Workload and training commitments limited the amount of time trainees could devote to well-being-related activities, despite their awareness of these. This study contributes useful insights into how we can better look after the mental health and well-being of psychiatry trainees, as future leaders of our mental health system.

The Impact of Changes in Mental Health Legislation on Psychiatry Trainee Stress in Victoria, Australia.

In Victoria, Australia, the introduction of a new state Mental Health Act (MHA) in 2014 resulted in changes to the workload and type of work undertaken by trainee psychiatrists. In addition to long working hours, workload intensity is most often cited by trainees as a factor that leads to fatigue, with trainees often taking work home or doing overtime in order to fulfill work responsibilities and satisfy training requirements. This administrative burden is compounded by the high emotional burden associated with the practice of psychiatry, including patient suicides, aggression, and threats. This study aimed to explore the impact of these legislative changes on psychiatry trainees' stress and well-being, using a qualitative research methodology involving semi-structured interviews. Despite reporting that the length and number of reports they were preparing under the new MHA had increased, as had the amount of time spent at Tribunal hearings, psychiatry trainees were understanding of the necessity of MHA changes in improving patient rights. The trainees did not express a desire for the MHA changes to be reversed, but rather recognition by their workplaces that changes are also needed at a ground level-such as an increase in staff numbers-to accommodate for these. While mental health legislative changes are designed to improve the system and better protect patient rights, measures must also be taken to ensure that any policy-level changes are adequately adjusted for in hospital staffing levels.

Application of Intelligent Lie Recognition Technology in Laws and Regulations Based on Occupational Mental Health Protection.

Introduction: Since the reform and opening up, the social economy has developed rapidly. The competition in the employer market is fierce, which leads leaders to have strict requirements for workers, and workplace stress increases. The blind pursuit of corporate economic benefits has led to the neglect of workers' mental health. Employee retaliation against the corporate occurs frequently. The perfection of the legal system for occupational mental health protection is imminent. Methods: Based on the above questions, this study first introduces the research background, significance, and purpose in the introduction. Second, in the literature review, the current status of research is sorted out, the problems in the existing research are summarized, and the innovation points of this study are highlighted. Then, in the method section, the algorithms and models used here are introduced, including convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory networks, and the design of interview processes. Finally, the results of the questionnaire survey and the experimental test are analyzed. Results: (1) There is further room for optimization of intelligent lie recognition technology. (2) The employee assistance program system can effectively solve the mental health problems of employees. (3) There is a need to expand the legislative mechanism for workers' mental health protection at the legal level. Discussion: This study mainly explores the loopholes of occupational mental health protection under the formulation of laws and regulations. Intelligent lie recognition technology reduces workers' adverse physical and mental health risks due to work. It is dedicated to protecting workers' legitimate rights and interests from the formulation of laws and regulations.

Use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Among Public Health Care Professionals: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Work can be considered a source of living, well-being, and socioeconomic development. When the work environment negatively influences individuals, it may trigger emotional disturbances, behavioral problems, chronic stress conditions, and illnesses such as burnout syndrome (BS). Recently, studies on BS have increased and placed a special focus on health care professionals. The prevalence of BS among health professionals is associated with their chronic exposure to human hardship and long working hours without proper rest. These factors have contributed to greater stress and high physical and emotional exhaustion levels. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify and map studies using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale to identify burnout syndrome in health professionals working in public health services. METHODS: This scoping review was developed based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers Manual and reported according to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews). A total of 6 databases were searched to identify relevant studies: Embase, LILACS, MEDLINE or PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Gray literature was consulted on ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Google Scholar, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and Open Access Theses and Dissertations. Additionally, the reference lists were searched to retrieve studies not previously selected. The steps followed in this study were proposed by Arskey and O'Malley and Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien: identification of research questions, identification of potential studies, study selection, data extraction and imputation, data analyses and interpretation, and consultation with stakeholders. The detailed methodology was published in a protocol. RESULTS: A total of 55 articles were identified after screening for eligibility criteria, published between 1999 and 2021 in 32 countries. Most reports were published in Brazil, Spain, and China. A total of 22 versions of the MBI were identified, presenting different items, scores, and cutoff points. The included studies had recommendations and implications for clinical practice. The consultation with stakeholders allowed knowledge translation for those interested in BS. CONCLUSIONS: Studies mostly included physicians (34/55, 61.8%) and nurses (24/55, 43.6%), and the original version of MBI was predominantly used. Divergences in BS classification were highlighted, which may be related to MBI cross-cultural adaptations and applications in other countries. This study contributes to the advancement of research regarding burnout syndrome as an occupational illness since it has harmful consequences for workers, health care services, and the quality of care provided to the population.

Peculiarities of occupational mental health care in kindergarten teachers.

The purpose of this paper is to quantify the factors that disrupt the mental health of kindergarten (KG) teachers. For this, the researchers conducted an electronic survey of preschool teachers (n = 587) on a popular educational platform with the Symptom Checklist-90-R and content analysis of interviews in practicing KG teachers (n = 105) with an open discussion of the main stressors during professional activities. Self-reports indicated that depression, interpersonal sensitivity, and anxiety were the main mental health symptoms. ANOVA has revealed that total teaching experience is a statistically significant factor for the mental health of KG teachers: F(2.60) = 5.99. According to respondents, the main stressors included concern for the children's health, fear of injuries, and difficulties in communicating with parents. The synthesis of results allowed for proposing six specific steps for mental health care in KG teachers. The findings are important for administrators and officials of preschool education. The proposed approach can become a theoretical basis for finding ways of mental health care for practicing teachers in further research.

Psychosocial risks emerged from COVID-19 pandemic and workers' mental health.

This paper examines the impact of work in a pandemic context on workers' mental health. Psychosocial risks have always been a challenging aspect of workplace health and safety practices. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected workplaces in all sectors causing unexpected changes in work organization and working conditions, leading to the emergence of new psychosocial risks for health and wellbeing of workers. This mini-review aims to identify the main work stressors during pandemic period and related mental health problems to suggest recommendations and adjust health and safety practices regarding workplace mental health. A literature search has been performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases, selecting articles focusing on work-related stressors and workers' mental health problems related to the pandemic. Specific psychosocial risks have been identified, including fear of contagion, telework-related risks, isolation and stigmatization, rapid digitalization demands, job insecurity, elevated risk of violence at work or home, and work-life imbalance, among others. All those risks can lead to elevated levels of stress among workers and affect their mental health and wellbeing, especially in terms of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. As one of the social determinants of health, the workplace has an important and moderating role in workers' health. Therefore, in the pandemic context more than ever health protection practices at the workplace should be devoted to mental health problems. Recommendations provided in this study are expected to contribute to workplace practices to preserve and promote workers' mental health.

Conflict in the EMS Workforce: An Analysis of an Open-Ended Survey Question Reveals a Complex Assemblage of Stress, Burnout, and Pandemic-Related Factors Influencing Well-Being.

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) clinicians provide patient care within a high-stakes, unpredictable, and complex work environment in which conflict is inevitable. Our objective was to explore the extent to which added stressors of the pandemic exacerbated EMS workplace conflict. We administered our survey to a sample of U.S. nationally certified EMS clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2022. Out of 1881 respondents, 46% (n = 857) experienced conflict and 79% (n = 674) provided free-text descriptions of their experience. The responses were analyzed for themes using qualitative content analysis, and they were then sorted into codes using word unit sets. Code counts, frequencies, and rankings were tabulated, enabling quantitative comparisons of the codes. Of the fifteen codes to emerge, stress (a precursor of burnout) and burnout-related fatigue were the key factors contributing to EMS workplace conflict. We mapped our codes to a conceptual model guided by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) report on using a systems approach to address clinician burnout and professional well-being to explore implications for addressing conflict within that framework. Factors attributed to conflict mapped to all levels of the NASEM model, lending empirical legitimacy to a broad systems approach to fostering worker well-being. Our findings lead us to propose that active surveillance (enhanced management information and feedback systems) of frontline clinicians' experiences during public health emergencies could increase the effectiveness of regulations and policies across the healthcare system. Ideally, the contributions of the occupational health discipline would become a mainstay of a sustained response to promote ongoing worker well-being. The maintenance of a robust EMS workforce, and by extension the health professionals in its operational sphere, is unquestionably essential to our preparedness for the likelihood that pandemic threats may become more commonplace.

A mixed-method study exploring barriers and facilitators to midwives' mental health in Ontario.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of information regarding the mental health of midwives working in Ontario, Canada. Many studies have investigated midwives' mental health around the world, but little is known about how the model of midwifery care in Ontario contributes to or negatively impacts midwives' mental health. The aim of the study was to gain a deeper understanding of factors that contribute to and negatively impact Ontario midwives' mental health. METHODS: We employed a mixed-methods, sequential, exploratory design, which utilized focus groups and individual interviews, followed by an online survey. All midwives in Ontario who had actively practiced within the previous 15 months were eligible to participate. FINDINGS: We conducted 6 focus groups and 3 individual interviews, with 24 midwives, and 275 midwives subsequently completed the online survey. We identified four broad factors that impacted midwives' mental health: (1) the nature of midwifery work, (2) the remuneration model, (3) the culture of the profession, and (4) external factors. DISCUSSION: Based on our findings and the existing literature, we have five broad recommendations for improving Ontario midwives' mental health: (1) provide a variety of work options for midwives; (2) address the impacts of trauma on midwives; (3) make mental health services tailored for midwives accessible; (4) support healthy midwife-to-midwife relationships; and (5) support improved respect and understanding of midwifery. CONCLUSION: As one of the first comprehensive investigations into midwives' mental health in Ontario, this study highlights factors that contribute negatively to midwives' mental health and offers recommendations for how midwives' mental health can be improved systemically.

How Workplace Challenges Affect the Risk of Substance Use Disorders in a Health Care Environment.

Health care environments have historically faced stressful situations that place those working in those environments at risk for substance use disorders. Over the past several years, the rates of burnout, workplace violence, diverse population stigmatization, and mental health concerns (including suicide) during the Covid-19 pandemic have increased, further challenging and contributing to development of negative coping skills, including use of substances to reduce the side effects and emotions from work. This article introduces the problem of substance use disorders, pathophysiology, and how the challenges contribute to the development of turning to substances to cope.

Is Gender an Antecedent to Workplace Stressors? A Systematic Review and an Empirical Study Using a Person-Centred Approach.

OBJECTIVE: Work is a key domain of life in which gender inequality can manifest, yet gender is rarely the explicit focus of research seeking to understand exposure to stressors. We investigated this research gap in two studies. METHODS: Study 1 was a systematic review of the relationship between gender and key stressors (e.g., high demands, poor support, lack of clarity and control). From a total of 13,376,130 papers met our inclusion criteria. Study 2 was a cross-sectional study that included 11,289 employees nested within 71 public organisations (50.6% men). Through a latent profile analysis, we investigated the profiles of stressors separately from men and women. RESULTS: The systematic review revealed that, for all stressors, a significant proportion of studies found no significant gender differences, and the review found mixed evidence of greater exposure for both men and women. The results of Study 2 revealed that both genders could be optimally represented by three psychosocial risk profiles reflecting medium, low and high stressors. The results also showed that while the shape of profiles was similar for both genders, men had a higher probability than women of being in the virtuous (i.e., low stressors) profile, and the opposite pattern emerged for the average profile (i.e., medium levels of stressors). Men and women displayed the same likelihood of being classified in the at-risk profile (i.e., high levels of stressors). CONCLUSION: Gender differences in exposure to stressors are inconsistent. Although the literature on gender role theory and the gendering of work suggests different exposures to stressors in men and women, we find little empirical support for this.

Psychosocial model of burnout among humanitarian aid workers in Bangladesh: role of workplace stressors and emotion coping.

BACKGROUND: While trauma exposure is an established predictor of poor mental health among humanitarian aid workers (HAWs), less is known about the role of psychosocial work-related factors. This study aims to establish a psychosocial model for burnout and psychological distress in HAWs that tests and compares the effects of adversity exposure and workplace stressors in combination, and explores the potential mediating role of individual coping styles. METHODS: Path analysis and model comparison using cross-sectional online survey data were collected from full-time international and local HAWs in Bangladesh between December 2020 and February 2021. HAWs self-reported on exposure to adversities, workplace psychosocial stressors (Third Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), coping styles (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations), burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey), and psychological distress (Kessler-6). RESULTS: Among N = 111 HAWs, 30.6%, 16.4%, 12.7%, and 8.2% screened positive for moderate psychological distress (8 ≤ Kessler-6 ≤ 12), emotional exhaustion (EE ≥ 27), depersonalization (DP ≥ 13), and severe psychological distress (K-6 ≥ 13), respectively. 28.8% reported a history of mental disorder. The preferred model showed distinct pathways from adversity exposure and workplace stressors to burnout, with negative emotion-focused coping and psychological distress as significant intervening variables. While greater exposure to both types of stressors were associated with higher levels of burnout and distress, workplace stressors had a stronger association with psychological outcomes than adversity exposure did (ß = .52, p ≤ .001 vs. ß = .20, p = .032). Workplace stressors, but not adversities, directly influenced psychological distress (ß = .45, p ≤ .001 vs. ß = -.01, p = .927). Demographic variables, task-focused and avoidance-focused coping were not significantly associated with psychological outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to exposure to adversities, workplace stressors primarily influenced occupational stress syndromes. Reducing workplace stressors and enhancing adaptive coping may improve psychological outcomes in humanitarian staff.