Validation of the Chilean version of the Yale food addiction scale 2.0 in a non-clinical sample.

AIMS: The aim was to translate and culturally adapt the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0) to the Chilean population, evaluate its psychometric properties in a non-clinical sample, and assess the correlations between symptoms count of food addiction (FA) with demographic and anthropometric variables. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: We evaluated 301 participants (59.1% women) with a mean age of 29.7 ± 12.4 years recruited from two universities and two businesses (non-clinical sample). The Chilean YFAS 2.0 was administered, and anthropometric measurements were carried out. The internal consistency of the items was estimated, and factor structure was tested by confirmatory factor analysis. Test-retest reliability was also examined. The correlations between symptoms count of FA and weight, waist circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), percentage of body fat (BF%), and lean mass were evaluated. RESULTS: The Chilean YFAS 2.0 presented good internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analysis supported the one-factor structure, in accordance with the original version. The ICC indicated excellent test-retest reliability. The prevalence of FA was 10.3%, and the symptom count of FA was 2.1 ± 2.8. A small positive correlation between WC, BMI, and BF % and FA symptom count was found. CONCLUSION: The Chilean YFAS 2.0 may be a useful tool to investigate FA in Chile. Level of evidence Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Adição por comida: prevalência e fatores associados em um estudo de base populacional no Rio de Janeiro / Food addiction: prevalence and factors associated in a population-based study in Rio de Janeiro

Adição por comida caracteriza-se por uma perda de controle sobre o consumo de certos tipos de alimentos, na maioria das vezes hiperpalatáveis, e por tentativas fracassadas de ultrapassar o problema alimentar apesar das consequências adversas. A tese atual descreve a prevalência de adição por comida e fatores associados (socioeconómicos, demográficos, estilos de vida, estado nutricional, comorbilidades psiquiátricas e clínicas) em uma amostra representativa da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Este é um estudo transversal que utiliza dados do Compulsão alimentar no Rio -Binge Eating in Rio Survey, um inquérito domiciliar que incluiu 2.297 indivíduos dos 18 aos 60 anos. Os participantes forneceram informações sociodemográficas, antropométricas, sobre o estilo de vida, comorbidades clínicas e psiquiátricas. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar a adição por comida foi a escala modificada de adição por comida de Yale 2.0. A entrevista foi aplicada face-a-face. E os dados foram coletados entre setembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. Prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (95%CI) foram estimados considerando o peso da amostral e o desenho complexo do inquérito. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão logística para estimar a razão de chance entre as comorbidades psiquiátricas, clínicas e adição por comida. Os modelos foram ajustados para potenciais variáveis de confusão, sexo, idade e IMC. A prevalência de Adição por comida foi de 2,78% (95%CI 1,40 a 4,17) e, foi classificada como leve em 17% dos casos, moderada em 36% e como severa em 46%. A prevalência de adição por comida nas mulheres foi superior à dos homens, 4,08% vs 1,39 (p=0.001), com tendência decrescente com a idade (p=0,017). Quanto ao IMC, adição por comida foi mais prevalente entre aqueles com IMC mais elevado 6,76 % (IC95%CI 4,19 a 10,70) em comparação com aqueles com IMC normal 0,69% (IC95%CI 0,31 a 1,53). Entre aqueles que tinham adição por comida, a prevalência de sintomas psiquiátricos foi de: 75,41% com sintomas de depressão, 77,05% com sintomas de ansiedade, 19,7% de transtorno de compulsão alimentar, 32,79% de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade, e 19,7% de consumo de álcool. Adição por comida foi associada a todas as comorbidades psiquiátricas, tanto nos modelos brutos como nos modelos ajustados. Entre as morbidades clínicas, os modelos brutos e ajustados mostraram uma associação entre adição por comida e uma maior chance de diabetes, AVC, asma, asma crônica, dores de cabeça, problemas musculares, e refluxo gastroesofágico. Quanto à força da associação, aumentou quando ajustado para problemas crônicos da coluna vertebral e IMC. Como observado em outros países, a adição por comida foi mais frequente nas mulheres e nos indivíduos mais jovens; associou-se à obesidade, também a IMC mais elevado, a comorbidades psiquiátricas e a várias comorbidades clínicas.

Food addiction (FA) is characterized by a loss of control, causing overeating of certain kinds of foods, most often hyperpalatable foods, and failed attempts to overcome the eating problem despite adverse consequences. The current thesis describes the prevalence of FA and associated factors (socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle, nutritional status, psychiatric and clinical comorbidities) in a representative sample of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is a cross sectional study using data from the Binge Eating in Rio Survey, a household survey that included 2.297 individuals from 18 to 60 years. The participants will provide sociodemographic information, lifestyle, clinical comorbidities, and psychiatrics. The instrument used to evaluate the FA will be the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. The interview was applied face-to face. Data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020. Prevalence and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated considering the sample weight. In analyses were performed logistic regression models to estimate odd ratios between psychiatric and clinical comorbidities. Models were an adjustment for potential confounder variables, gender, age, and Body Mass Index (BMI). The prevalence of FA according to YFAS 2.0 was 2.78% and, 17.42% was classified as mild, 36.49% as moderate, 46.09% as severe. The prevalence of FA in women was higher than men, 4.08% vs 1.39% (p=0.001), and with a decreasing trend with age (p=0.017). Regarding the BMI, FA was more prevalent among those with a higher BMI 6.76 % (95%CI 4.19 to 10.70) compared those in the normal BMI range 0.69% (9is 5%CI 0.31 to 1.53). Among those who had a FA, the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was as follows: 75.41% with symptoms of Depression, 77.05% symptoms of Anxiety, 19.7% Binge Eating Disorder, 32.79% Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms, and 19.7% alcohol use. Food addiction was associated with all psychiatric morbidities in both the crude and adjusted models. Among the clinical morbidities the unadjusted and crude models showed an association between food addiction and an increased chance of diabetes, stroke, asthma, chronic asthma, headaches, muscle problems, and gastroesophageal reflux. Regarding the increase of association, when adjusted for chronic spinal problems and BMI increases the OR values: FA was a prevalent condition in Brazil, more frequent in women and younger individuals, and associated also with higher BMI as observed in studies from high income countries. Furthermore, it shows that they constitute a group with specific characteristics and deserve special attention in this regard. FA was associated with psychiatric comorbidity and several clinical comorbidities in our sample.

The impact of food addiction behaviours on the treatment of overweight students.

The present study evaluated the association of food addiction (FA), the change of the BMI/age z-score and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in overweight students undergoing a 16-month, multicomponent intervention in the school environment. FA was investigated using the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, and the dietary assessment was estimated using the semi-quantitative FFQ in overweight 9-11-year-old students (BMI/age z-score ≥ 1) of both sexes at their baseline and after the intervention (n 120). Among the schoolchildren, 33·4 % had FA in at least one of the two assessments. The analysis of mixed-effects models to assess the effect of the intervention and the change of the BMI/age z-score between evaluations showed that the occurrence of FA influenced the maintenance of weight (time#FA, ß = 0·30, 95 % CI 0·05, 0·54, P = 0·016). Weight loss was observed only in individuals who did not present FA (BMI/age z-score = -0·3). When evaluating the effect of the intervention and the dietary variables, we verified a reduction in the consumption of sugary milk-based drinks -71·13 kJ (-17 kcal), P = 0·04 only in non-FA students at the end of the study. FA has been identified as an underlying factor with therapeutic relevance, and an enhanced understanding of FA can open new paths for the prevention and management of obesity.

Psychometric properties of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2 0 in a large Brazilian sample

Objective: The field of food addiction has attracted growing research attention. The modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) is a screening tool based on DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorders. However, there is no validated instrument to assess food addiction. Methods: The mYFAS 2.0 has been transculturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The data for this study was obtained through an anonymous web-based research platform: participants provided sociodemographic data and answered Brazilian versions of the the mYFAS 2.0 and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). Analysis included an assessment of the Brazilian mYFAS 2.0's internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity in relation to BIS-11 scores. Results: Overall, 7,639 participants were included (71.3% females; age: 27.2±7.9 years). The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 had adequate internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89). A single factor solution yielded the best goodness-of-fit parameters for both the continuous and categorical version of the mYFAS 2.0 in confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, mYFAS 2.0 correlated with BIS-11 total scores (Spearman's rho = 0.26, p < 0.001) and subscores. Conclusion: The Brazilian mYFAS 2.0 demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in our sample; however, future studies should further evaluate its discriminant validity.