RESUMO
ABSTRACT: Flora of Türkiye is hosting many Origanum sp. and spp. valuable members of Lamiaceae, including outstanding endemic species and hybrids. Those are having a number of using field and still meeting the World's major demand. Five combinations of artificial Oregano hybrids were cultivated in Ankara ecological conditions. Among those species; Origanum minutiflorum and Origanum onites are endemic to the flora of Türkiye and the combinations of those hybrids are very valuable and unique. According to the field studies results; the highest green herb yield was provided from H4 as 439.93g and from H5 as 317.26 g x plant-1. H2 and H3 showed the highest green leaf yield by 278.69 and 244.33 g x plant-1, and the highest leaf ratio (%). The essential oils ranged between 4.20% and 5.96%, Carvacrol predominated in the hybrids at; 77.90% (H1), 61.26% (H3) and 26.99% (H4), 72.09 (H5), and linalool at 45.86% (H2).
RESUMO: A flora da Turquia hospeda muitos Origanum sp. e spp. membros importantes de Lamiaceae, incluindo espécies endêmicas excepcionais e híbridos. Cinco várias combinações de híbridos artificiais de orégano foram cultivadas em condições ecológicas de Ancara. Entre essas espécies, Origanum minutiflorum e Origanum onites são endêmicos da flora Turca e as combinações desses híbridos são muito valiosas e únicas. De acordo com os resultados dos estudos de campo, a maior produção de erva verde foi obtida do H4 com 439,93g e do H5 com 317,26 g x planta-1. H2 e H3 apresentaram a maior produção de folhas verdes em 278,69 e 244,33 g x planta-1. Os óleos essenciais variaram entre 4,20% e 5,96%. O carvacrol predominou nos híbridos 77,90% (H1), 61,26% (H3) e 26,99% (H4), 72,09 (H5), e linalol a 45,86% (H2).
RESUMO
Abstract Identifying naturally existing abiotic-stress tolerant accessions in cereal crops is central to understanding plant responses towards stress. Salinity is an abiotic stressor that limits crop yields. Salt stress triggers major physiological changes in plants, but individual plants may perform differently under salt stress. In the present study, 112 barley accessions were grown under controlled salt stress conditions (1 Sm-1 salinity) until harvest. The accessions were then analyzed for set of agronomic and physiological traits. Under salt stress, less than 5 % of the assessed accessions (CIHO6969, PI63926, PI295960, and PI531867) displayed early flowering. Only two (< 2 %) of the accessions (PI327671 and PI383011) attained higher fresh and dry weight, and a better yield under salt stress. Higher K+ /Na+ ratios were maintained by four accessions PI531999, PI356780, PI452343, and PI532041. These top-performing accessions constitute naturally existing variants within barley's gene pool that will be instrumental to deepen our understanding of abiotic-stress tolerance in crops.
Resumen La identificación de accesiones existentes en condiciones naturales que sean tolerantes al estrés abiótico en cultivos de cereales es fundamental para entender las respuestas al estrés. La salinidad es un factor de estrés abiótico que limita el rendimiento de los cultivos. El estrés por salinidad desencadena importantes cambios fisiológicos en las plantas, pero plantas individuales pueden comportarse diferencialmente bajo este tipo de estrés. En el presente estudio se hicieron crecer 112 accesiones de cebada bajo condiciones controladas de estrés por salinidad (1 Sm-1 salinidad) hasta la cosecha. Posteriormente las accesiones se analizaron para determinar sus caracteres agronómicos y fisiológicos. Bajo condiciones de estrés por salinidad, menos del 5 % de las accesiones estudiadas (CIHO6969, PI63926, PI295960 y PI531867) mostraron floración temprana. Solamente dos (< 2 %) de las accesiones (PI327671 y PI383011) alcanzaron mayores pesos fresco y seco y un mayor rendimiento bajo estrés por salinidad. Se mantuvieron mayores proporciones K+/Na+ en cuatro accesiones PI531999, PI356780, PI452343 y PI532041. Estas accesiones que tuvieron el mejor rendimiento constituyen las variantes existentes en condiciones naturales dentro del acervo genético de la cebada, que pueden ser instrumentos para profundizar en nuestro entendimiento de la tolerancia de los cultivos al estrés abiótico.
Resumo A identificação de acessões existentes em condições naturais que sejam tolerantes ao estresse abiótico em culturas de cereais é fundamental para entender a resposta ao estresse. A salinidade é um fator de estresse abiótico que limita o rendimento das culturas. O estresse por salinidade desencadeia importantes mudanças fisiológicas nas plantas, no entanto, plantas individuais podem se comportar diferentemente sob este tipo de estresse. No presente estudo 112 acessões de cevada foram cultivadas sob condições controladas de estresse por salinidade (1 Sm-1 salinidade) até a colheita. Porteriormente, as acessões foram analizadas para determinar suas características agronômicas e fisiológicas. Sob condições de estresse por salinidade, menos de 5 % das acessões estudadas (CIHO6969, PI63926, PI295960 e PI531867) mostraram floração prematura. Somente duas (< 2 %) acessões (PI327671 e PI383011) atingiram maiores pesos frescos e secos e um maior redimento sob estresse por salinidade. As maiores proporções K+/Na+ foram mantidas em quatro acessões PI531999, PI356780, PI452343 e PI532041. As acessões com maior rendimento constituem as variantes existentes em condições naturais dentro do fundo genético da cevada, que podem ser instrumentos para aprofundar no nosso entendimento da tolerância dos cultivos ao estresse biológico.
RESUMO
In the Chilean viticultural industry, Carménère is considered an emblematic cultivar that is cultivated mainly in arid and semi-arid zones. For this reason, it is necessary to use precise irrigation scheduling for improving water use efficiency (WUE), water productivity (WP), yield and wine quality. This study evaluated the effects of three deficit irrigation strategies on gas exchange variables, WUE, WP and yield components in a drip-irrigated Carménère vineyard growing under semi-arid climatic conditions during two consecutive seasons (2011/12 and 2012/13). The irrigation strategies were applied in completely randomized design from fruit set (S) to harvest (H). The first irrigation strategy (T1) involved continuous irrigation at 100% of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from S to the veraison (V) period and at 80% of ETa from V to H. The second irrigation strategy (T2) involved irrigation at 50% of ETa from S to H and the third one (T3) involved no-irrigation from S to V and at 30% of ETa from V to H. The results indicated that there was a significant non-linear correlation between net CO2 assimilation (AN) and stomatal conductance (gs), which resulted in three zones of water stress (zone I = gs > 0.30 mol H2O m-2s-1; zone II = between 0.06 and 0.30 mol H2O m-2s-1; and zone III = gs < 0.06 mol H2O m-2s-1). The use of less water by T2 and T3 had a significant effect on yield components, with a reduction in the weight and diameter of grapes. A significant increase in WP (7.3 kg m-3) occurred in T3, which resulted in values of WUE that were significantly higher than those from T1 and T2. Also, a significant non-linear relationship between the integral water stress (SIΨ) and WP (R2 = 0.74) was established. The results show that grafted Carménère vines were tolerant to water stress although differences between cultivars/genotypes still need to be evaluated.