Factores de riesgo asociados a la sobrecarga en cuidadores informales de adultos mayores postrados

Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población es uno de los más importantes fenómenos del siglo XXI. Cada día se hacen más necesarias las investigaciones respecto a este tema. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a la sobrecarga en cuidadores informales de adultos mayores postrados del área de salud de Cacocum, Holguín, en el año 2022. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, en el municipio Cacocum, Holguín, desde el 5 de julio de 2021 hasta el 29 de agosto de 2022. El universo estuvo constituido por 129 cuidadores de adultos mayores postrados (N꓿129) y la muestra por 106 cuidadores informales (n꓿106), obtenida por muestreo no probabilístico intencional. Para determinar la sobrecarga de los cuidadores se utilizó la escala de Zarit. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, nivel educacional, promedio de horas diarias dedicadas al cuidado del enfermo, vínculo del cuidador con el enfermo y presencia de sobrecarga del cuidador. Resultados: Predominó el grupo de edad de 60-69 años y el sexo femenino. Predominaron los cuidadores con el duodécimo grado y los sobrecargados. Existió un predominio de cuidadores con vínculo familiar y una relación significativa con la sobrecarga. Predominaron los cuidadores que dedicaban 18 horas como promedio al día al cuidado del enfermo y existió un predominio de cuidadores que habían dedicado de 3 a 4 años al cuidado del enfermo, se halló una relación significativa con la sobrecarga. Conclusiones: El vínculo del cuidador con el enfermo en cuanto a relación filial y los años dedicados al cuidado del mismo fueron los factores más asociados con el desarrollo de sobrecarga.

Introduction: Population aging is one of the most important phenomenon of the 21st century. Research on this subject is becoming more and more necessary every day. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with overload in informal caregivers of prostrate older adults in the health area of Cacocum, Holguín, year 2022. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in Cacocum, Holguín, from July 5, 2021 to August 29, 2022. A total of 129 caregivers of prostrate older adults (N꓿129) were selected as the study´s universe and the sample consisted of 106 informal caregivers (n꓿106), obtained by nonprobability purposive sampling. The Zarit Scale was used to determine factors associated with overload in caregivers. Variables studied were as follow: age, sex, educational level, daily hours dedicated to caregiving, relationship between the caregiver and the patient, and the manifestation of overload in caregivers. Results: There was predominance in the age group of 60 to 69 years and female sex. Caregivers with twelfth grade of education and manifestation of overloaded were predominant. There was a predominance of caregivers with family ties and a significant relationship with overload. Predominated caregivers who spent an average of 18 hours per day in the care of the patients and the caregivers who had spent 3 to 4 years in caregiving, a significant relationship with overload was found. Conclusions: The relationship established between the caregivers and patients in terms of filial relationship and the years spent in the care provided to the patient were the factors most associated with the development of overload.

Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional é um dos fenômenos mais importantes do século XXI. A pesquisa sobre esse tema está se tornando cada dia mais necessária. Objetivo: Determinar os fatores de risco associados à sobrecarga em cuidadores informais de idosos acamados na área de saúde de Cacocum, Holguín, no ano de 2022. Método: Estudo observacional descritivo transversal realizado no município de Cacocum, Holguín, de 5 de julho de 2021 a 29 de agosto de 2022. O universo foi constituído por 129 cuidadores de idosos acamados (N꓿129) e a amostra por 106 cuidadores informais (n꓿106), obtida por amostragem intencional não probabilística. Para determinar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores foi utilizada a escala de Zarit. As variáveis estudadas foram: idade, sexo, escolaridade, média de horas diárias dedicadas ao cuidado do paciente, vínculo entre cuidador e paciente e presença de sobrecarga do cuidador. Resultados: Predominou a faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos e o sexo feminino. Houve predominância de cuidadores com ensino médio completo e sobrecarregados. Houve predomínio de cuidadores com vínculo burro familiar e uma relação significativa com sobrecarga. Houve predominância de cuidadores que gastam em média 18 horas por dia cuidando do paciente e predominância de cuidadores que passaram de 3 a 4 anos cuidando do paciente, sendo encontrada relação significativa com a sobrecarga. Conclusões: O vínculo do cuidador com o paciente em termos de relação filial e os anos dedicados ao cuidado do paciente foram os fatores mais associados ao desenvolvimento de sobrecarga.

Carga del cuidador en familias de personas con enfermedad mental vinculadas al programa de hospital de día de una institución de tercer nivel en Cali (Colombia) / Caregiver Burden in Families of People with Mental Illness Linked to the Day Hospital Program of a Tertiary Institution in the City of Cali (Colombia)

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la ocurrencia del síndrome del cuidador entre los cuidadores de personas con enfermedad mental vinculadas al programa de hospital de día de una institución de tercer nivel de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y observacional de corte transversal, para evaluar la ocurrencia del síndrome de sobrecarga en 70 cuidadores de personas con enfermedad mental, a través de entrevistas y la aplicación formal de la escala de Zarit y el cuestionario WHO-DAS 2.0. Resultados: Se estableció que el 68,6% de la población participante presenta algún grado de sobrecarga; el perfil del cuidador es el de una mujer, mayor de 55 arios, madre de familia, perteneciente al régimen subsidiado de salud y con bajo ingreso económico que, en pro medio, lleva 8 años ejerciendo el rol de cuidador por lo menos 12 h diarias. El largo tiempo de dedicación a las actividades propias del rol y el nivel de demanda, producto del grado de discapacidad de la persona a la que se cuida, aparecen como factores asociados a la apari ción de un mayor grado de sobrecarga para el cuidador, por lo que constituyen un factor que considerar en la implementación de procesos de intervención e investigación que vinculen al cuidador como agente clave en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las personas con enfermedad mental.

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with mental illness participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. Material and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with mental illness, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. Results: It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with mental illness.

Caregiver Burden in Families of People With Mental Illness Linked to the Day Hospital Program of a Tertiary Institution in the City of Cali (Colombia). / Carga del cuidador en familias de personas con enfermedad mental vinculadas al programa de hospital de día de una institución de tercer nivel en Cali (Colombia).

OBJECTIVE: To establish the occurrence of caregiver syndrome in caregivers of people with mental illness participating in the Day Hospital Program of a tertiary institution in the city of Cali. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of overload syndrome in 70 caregivers of people with mental illness, through interviews and the formal application of the Zarit scale and the WHO-DAS 2.0 questionnaire. RESULTS: It was established that 68.6% of the participating population presented some level of overload. The caregiver profile corresponds to women, over the age of 55, who belonged to the subsidized health system; earning a low income, and with an average of 8 years in caregiver role for at least 12 hours per day. The long time dedicated to the role's activities and the level of demand resulting from the degree of disability of the person receiving care, appear as associated factors for the presence of higher levels of overload for the caregiver, for which they are a factor to consider when implementing interventions and research processes in which the caregiver is involved as a key agent for improving the quality of life of people with mental illness.

Caregiver Burden among Adults Caring for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Southern India.

INTRODUCTION: In India, family caregivers provide bulk of care to People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Caregiver burden refers to the physical, emotional and financial hardships associated with providing care to a diseased individual. Attending to the needs of PLWHA can place a significant burden on family members. This may adversely affect their Quality of Life (QOL). AIM: The main aim of our study was to assess the caregiver burden and QOL among the family members of PLWHA in Southern India. We also determined the impact of caregiver burden on QOL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This facility based cross-sectional study was carried out at Kasturba Medical College (KMC) Mangalore. The study was conducted over a period of 18 months starting from October 2013. A total of 360 caregivers participated in our study. The data were collected by face-to-face interview. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Zarit Burden scale & WHOQOL-BREF scale was used to assess the QOL of caregivers. The collected data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 11.5. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of caregivers was 36.09± 10.18 years. Most of the caregivers were females 279 (77.5%). Majority of caregivers 184 (51.1%) belonged to Middle/Lower Middle socioeconomic class (Kuppuswamy class III). Majority of PLWHA 155 (43.1%) had Stage 2 disease. Mean CD4 count of the patients was 405.2± 240 cells/µL. In our study 88(24.4%) caregivers had moderate to severe burden and 36(10%) had very severe burden. Physical domain of QOL showed maximum score of 60.28±13.08, while a minimum score of 51.88 ± 14.20 was seen in social domain. With increase in caregiver burden, the mean QOL scores decreased which was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the need to counsel the caregivers on how to deal with PLWHA in the family. Family care plays a major role in the general wellbeing of PLWHA. Majority of national HIV programmes all over the world focus mainly on PLWHA. National programmes should immediately address the mental health issues of caregivers thereby reducing caregiver burden. More studies on this topic have to be conducted in developing countries.

Profile of caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients attended at a reference center for cognitive disorders.

This is a study on burden of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease attended at a Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the profile and burden on caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease attended at a Reference Center for Cognitive Disorders. METHODS: We collected demographic information and data on the relationship with the patient from caregivers, and measured burden with the Zarit scale. The patients were evaluated with the following scales: the Cambridge Cognitive Test (CAMCOG); Mini Mental State Examination, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory for neuropsychiatry symptoms, and Functional Activities Questionnaire - FAQ for functional impairment. RESULTS: Of the 31 caregivers, 77.4% were female, predominantly, and daughters, having a mean age of 58.6 years, educational level of 8.1 years, 70% of caregivers co-resided with the patient and 71% did not work. The mean time as a caregiver was 3 years. Twenty-seven percent of the caregivers presented mild to severe burden. The variables presenting significant association with caregiver burden were scores on the NPI and CAMCOG. CONCLUSION: The social demographic characteristics of the sample were similar to those of studies performed in other countries. The average time as a caregiver and the frequency of caregivers with mild to intense burden were lower than those reported in international studies. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and severity of cognitive decline were the main factors associated to burden in this sample of mostly mild to moderate demented AD patients. Further studies are necessary to verify whether the burden is indeed less intense in our milieu.

Trata-se de um estudo sobre a sobrecarga do cuidador dos pacientes com doença de Alzheimer atendidos em Centro de Referência em Distúrbios Cognitivos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil e a sobrecarga do cuidador dos pacientes com doença de Alzheimer atendidos em Centro de Referência em Distúrbios Cognitivos. MÉTODO: Foram obtidos dados demográficos do cuidador e sobrecarga de acordo com a Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit. Os pacientes foram avaliados com os seguintes testes e escalas: Teste Cognitivo Cambridge (CAMCOG); Mini-Exame do Estado Mental; Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico (NPI), para a presença de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos; e o Questionário de Atividades Funcionais (QAF), de Pfeffer, para o comprometimento funcional. RESULTADOS: Os 31 cuidadores eram predominantemente do sexo feminino, filhas, idade média 58,6 anos, escolaridade média de 8,1 anos; 70% dos cuidadores moravam com o paciente; 71% não trabalhavam. O tempo médio como cuidador foi de 3 anos. Vinte e sete por cento dos cuidadores apresentavam sobrecarga de intensidade leve a intensa. As variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa com a sobrecarga do cuidador foram os escores do NPI e do CAMCOG. CONCLUSÃO: As características sociodemográficas dos cuidadores foram semelhantes às de estudos feitos em outros países. Entretanto, sobrecarga foi menos freqüente do que em estudos internacionais. A intensidade dos transtornos neuropsiquiátricos e a gravidade do declínio cognitivo foram os principais fatores associados à sobrecarga nesta amostra constituída principalmente por pacientes com DA, com demência leve a moderada. Mais estudos são necessários para verificar se a sobrecarga do cuidador é menos intensa em nosso meio.