[Analysis of the results of occupational health examination of radiation workers in Shaanxi Province].

Objective: To analyze the results of occupational health examinations of radiation workers in Shaanxi Province, and to provide basis and reference for effectively conduct occupational health monitoring. Methods: From April 2016 to January 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the basic information on occupational health examinations of qualified radiation workers in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2021. Based on the abnormal rate of occupational health among radiation workers, 1018 people were randomly selected using a cluster stratified sampling method to analyze the occupational health examination results of different positions, types of work, gender, length of service, and exposure doses. Results: The chromosomal aberration rates of peripheral blood lymphocytes among radiation workers in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2021 were 0.26% (10/3876), 0.77% (27/3512), 0.16% (16/10153), 0.09% (13/14769), 0.10% (13/13399), and 0.12% (20/16671), respectively. The abnormal rates of thyroid ultrasound examination were 32.33% (150/464), 24.46% (649/2653), 55.24% (786/1423), 32.89% (888/2700), 35.69% (1475/4133), and 42.51% (1993/4688), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the abnormal rates among different years (P<0.05). The abnormal rate of renal function examination in male radiation workers was higher than that in females (P<0.05). Compared with non medical users, the abnormal rates of renal function, thyroid function, and blood routine examination in medical radiation workers were higher (P<0.05), and the abnormal rates of renal function, thyroid function, and blood routine examination in medical applications were higher than those in radiation diagnosis, nuclear medicine, and radiation therapy (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood pressure, thyroid function, and blood routine increased with the length of service (P<0.05). The abnormal rates of blood pressure, liver function, kidney function, thyroid function, and blood routine examination increased with the exposure dose (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The occupational health status of radiation workers is not optimistic. Occupational health monitoring should be strengthened, especially interventional radiation diagnosis occupational health examination, as well as changes in the indicators of sensitive organs such as eye lens and thyroid, so as to ensure the health of radiation workers.

Comparative analysis of some radiosensitivity index results of certain radiation workers in Chongqing from 2018 to 2019 / 中国辐射卫生

objective This paper analyzes the physical examination results of blood routine, chromosome deformity rate, micronucleus rate and thyroid function test of some radiation workers in Chongqing from 2018 to 2019, understands the occupational problems of radiation workers, and provide scientific basis for putting forward reasonable suggestions method:Methods 2656 cases in 2018 and 2922 cases in 2019 were selected through the information platform of physical examination system. A total of 5578 physical examination results in two years were statistically analyzed and analyzed. Results The abnormal rate of blood routine, the detection rate and abnormal rate of chromosome distortion and micronucleus, and the abnormal rate of thyroid gland function (T3, T4, TSH) between the control group and the radiation group are significant differences (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the abnormal rate of blood routine, thyroid function (T3, T4, TSH), chromosome teratosis rate, micronucleus detection rate and abnormal rate between radiation diagnosis and treatment and industrial flaw detection, but there was no significant difference in the abnormal rate of chromosome (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between < 10 year group and 10 ～20 year group, and there was significant difference in platelet, white blood cell and hemoglobin between 10 ～20 year group and 20 year group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in erythrocyte difference (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the abnormal rate of thyroid function among the three working age segments (P < 0.05). The detection rate of chromosome distortion was significantly different between < 10 years group and 10 ～20 year group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the other two groups (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the abnormal rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in pairwise comparison of micronucleus detection rate among groups (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference in abnormal rate among groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The long-term low dose ionizing radiation environment will damage the hematopoietic and endocrine system of radiation sensitive human body.

[A study on the status and problem countermeasures of key occupational disease monitoring in Shandong, China, from 2015 to 2017].

Objective: To analyze the completion status, monitoring results, and existing problems of key occupational disease monitoring in Shandong, China, from 2015 to 2017, and to provide reference materials for improving monitoring quality and carrying out occupational disease prevention and control. Methods: The monitoring situation including project coverage, data collection, monitoring results, and monitoring quality of key occupational diseases in Shandong from 2015 to 2017 were described and comparatively analyzed. Results: In the past three years, the uncoverage rate of monitored counties (38.69% in 2015, 10.95% in 2016, and 5.11% in 2017) , the non-work rate of occupational health examination institutions (41.67% in 2015, 18.02% in 2016, and 8.72% in 2017) , and the non-work rate of occupational disease diagnosis institutions (42.31% in 2015, 38.46% in 2016, and 38.46% in 2017) in Shandong decreased year by year. The number of institutions with key occupational hazard factors reported to the safety supervision and management department increased year by year (it was 24140 in 2017, with an increase of 40.50% compared with 2016 and an increase of 114.62% compared with 2015) ; the key occupational hazard factors in enterprises were mainly noise (72.76%) , followed by benzene, silica dust, and coal dust. The number of workers exposed to key occupational hazard factors reported to the safety supervision and management department increased year by year; in 2017, it was 729245, with an increase of 39.78% compared with 2016 and an increase of 84.81% compared with 2015. The ratio of people exposed to key occupational hazard factors identified by the medical examination to the total people in the safety supervision system in a year decreased year by year (40.87% in 2015, 23.86% in 2016, and 17.95% in 2017) . Conclusion: In Shandong, the supervision of enterprises with key occupational hazard factors and the responsibility of enterprise protection should be strengthened. The occupational health examination rate of workers should be improved. It is suggested that we should carry out the special investigations and occupational health risk assessment for key enterprises and key populations.

Prevalence of refractive errors in Tibetan adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of adolescent eye disease in remote areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has rarely been reported. To understand the prevalence of common eye diseases in Tibet, we performed ocular-disease screening on students from primary and secondary schools in Tibet, and compared the prevalence to that in the Central China Plain (referred to here as the "plains area"). METHODS: The refractive status of students was evaluated with a Spot™ vision screener. The test was conducted three or fewer times for both eyes of each student and results with best correction were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 3246 students from primary and secondary schools in the Tibet Naidong district were screened, yielding a refractive error rate of 28.51%, which was significantly lower than that of the plains group (28.51% vs. 56.92%, p < 0.001). In both groups, the prevalence of refractive errors among females was higher than that among males. CONCLUSIONS: We found that Tibetan adolescents had a lower prevalence of refractive errors than did adolescents in the plains area, which may be related to less intensive schooling and greater exposure to sunlight.

A study on the status and problem countermeasures of key occupational disease monitoring in Shandong, China, from 2015 to 2017 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To analyze the completion status, monitoring results, and existing problems of key occupational disease monitoring in Shandong, China, from 2015 to 2017, and to provide reference materials for improving monitoring quality and carrying out occupational disease prevention and control.@*Methods@#The monitoring situation including project coverage, data collection, monitoring results, and monitoring quality of key occupational diseases in Shandong from 2015 to 2017 were described and comparatively analyzed.@*Results@#In the past three years, the uncoverage rate of monitored counties (38.69% in 2015, 10.95% in 2016, and 5.11% in 2017) , the non-work rate of occupational health examination institutions (41.67% in 2015, 18.02% in 2016, and 8.72% in 2017) , and the non-work rate of occupational disease diagnosis institutions (42.31% in 2015, 38.46% in 2016, and 38.46% in 2017) in Shandong decreased year by year. The number of institutions with key occupational hazard factors reported to the safety supervision and management department increased year by year (it was 24140 in 2017, with an increase of 40.50% compared with 2016 and an increase of 114.62% compared with 2015) ; the key occupational hazard factors in enterprises were mainly noise (72.76%) , followed by benzene, silica dust, and coal dust. The number of workers exposed to key occupational hazard factors reported to the safety supervision and management department increased year by year; in 2017, it was 729245, with an increase of 39.78% compared with 2016 and an increase of 84.81% compared with 2015. The ratio of people exposed to key occupational hazard factors identified by the medical examination to the total people in the safety supervision system in a year decreased year by year (40.87% in 2015, 23.86% in 2016, and 17.95% in 2017) .@*Conclusion@#In Shandong, the supervision of enterprises with key occupational hazard factors and the responsibility of enterprise protection should be strengthened. The occupational health examination rate of workers should be improved. It is suggested that we should carry out the special investigations and occupational health risk assessment for key enterprises and key populations.

[Epidemiological pattern of abnormal urinary fluoride rates in population with occupational fluoride exposure in Shanghai].

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological features of abnormal urinary fluoride rates in population with occupational exposure, and its relationships with age, work years and gender in Shanghai. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted respectively in 4 999 exposed workers and 283 non-exposed people during 2012-2015. Their urine samples were collected in plastic bottles and the fluoride ion selective electrode method was used for urinary fluoride level analysis. Logistic regression model was used to estimate associations between the abnormal rates and demographic/socioeconomic status of the study subjects. Results: In the past 4 years, the abnormal urinary fluoride rates (≥1.6 mg/L) in the population with occupational exposure was about 14.38%, it was about 1.43% in the control groups without occupational exposure. Their geometric mean of urinary fluoride content was 0.95 mg/L and 0.46 mg/L, respectively. The incidences of the abnormal rates in those aged ≥50 years and 34-39 years were 19.15% and 22.39%, respectively. The abnormal rate in males was 16.87%, much higher than that in females (6.85%). The abnormal rate had an upward trend along with the increased work years, especially in those with work years of ≥20 years. The abnormal rate was 23.28% in those with work years of ≥20 years and 13.29% in those with work years of <4 years. The relative risk for abnormal urinary fluoride rates was higher in male group, older age group and longer work year group, the odds ratio was 2.28, 1.10 and 1.13, respectively. Conclusions: Serious challenges exist in occupational health supervision. The relevant national standards should be updated as soon as possible. Males, those aged >50 years, and those with longer work years are the risk groups for intervention measures. More efforts are needed, such as strengthening the innovative application of health examination data and the equalization of basic public health service with comprehensive occupational health supervision programs among off-farm workers in the new medical reform.

Effect of low dose ionizing radiation on liver function of staff exposed to radiation / 基础医学与临床

Objective To assessment the effect of low dose ionizing radiation on liver function .Methods According to predefined inclusion , exclusion criteria , the relevant literatures were reviewed and qualified literatures were evalu -ated.Based on total number of liver function examination , number of abnormal liver function in radiation group and control group , the OR as the effect size , then choose an appropriate model by the heterogeneity test for the analysis . Results The combined OR is 1.59, 95%CI 1.25-2.02.Conclusions Long term exposure to low dose-ionizing radi-ation has significant outcome shown by higher rate of liver function abnormality .

Correlations of smoking with cumulative total dust exposure and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal-mine workers.

The present study aimed to investigate the correlation of smoking with cumulative total dust exposure (CTE) and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal-mine workers. A total of 376 coal-mine workers were recruited as the observational group, while 179 healthy workers in other industries were selected as the control group. All the workers underwent pulmonary function testing to determine their forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC, in order to compare the abnormal pulmonary function between the two groups. A markedly higher number of smokers was observed in the observational group (200/376, 53.19%) when compared with the control group (72/179, 40.22%). In smokers, the abnormal rate of pulmonary function in the observational group (102/200, 51.00%) was evidently higher compared with that in the control group (19/72, 26.39%), whereas no significant difference was detected between the two groups of non-smokers (P=0.077). In addition, FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC of the observational group were found to be lower compared with those in the control group, in both the smoking and non-smoking subgroups. In the smoking subgroup, FVC and FEV1 in subjects working at the coal mine for different number of years showed significant differences (all P<0.05), whereas comparison of FEV1/FVC in workers with different working durations showed no significant difference (P=0.169). However, in the non-smoking subgroup, the comparison of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in different working duration groups also showed no significant difference (all P>0.05). Furthermore, FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in smoking coal-mine workers were negatively correlated with the dust-exposure working duration (P<0.05). CTE was also positively correlated with cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in the smoking and non-smoking subgroups, while FEV1 was negatively correlated with CTE in the smoking subgroup (P=0.009). In conclusion, smoking is an important risk factor for the damage of pulmonary function in coal-mine workers, and it is positively correlated with dust-exposure time and CTE in these individuals.

Relationship of cumulative dust exposure dose and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal mixture workers.

To investigate the dose-response relationship between cumulative dust exposure (CDE) and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal mixture workers. Three hundred and twenty eight coal mixture workers (exposed group) and 169 nondust-exposed workers (control group) were recruited. Basic information data were collected and pulmonary function tests were performed. Pulmonary function was compared between the two groups after comparing smoking behaviors. Pulmonary function indices [forced vital capacity in 1 second after full inspiration (FVC)%, forced expiratory volume (FEV)1%, and FEV1/FVC%] were compared among groups stratified by service length (exposure duration). The relationship between CDE dose and cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function in coal mixture workers was analyzed. Abnormal rate of pulmonary function in the exposed group (35.1%) was significantly higher than the control group (10.1%; p < 0.001); FVC%, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC% in the exposed group decreased significantly compared with the control group (all p < 0.05). Differences in FVC%, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC% among coal mixture workers stratified by exposure duration in the exposed group were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). The discernible increase in the cumulative abnormal rate was observed, from ≥ 1000 mg/m(3)·years group to ≥ 1700 mg/m(3)·years group. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between the CDE dose and the cumulative abnormal rate of pulmonary function. Higher abnormal pulmonary function rate was found among coal mixture workers, characterized by decreased pulmonary function indices. Our results suggested a positive relationship between CDE dose and cumulative abnormal pulmonary function rate, and a rapid increase in cumulative abnormal rate within a certain range of CDE dose. A lower limit value of 1000 mg/m(3)·years has reference significance.

An analysis of liver function test of preemployment screening for office workers / 예방의학회지

This is to analyze and compare the distribution of the liver function test and its abnormal rates of the preemployment screening for office workers in asymptomatic young age groups between female and male. Liver function test(SGPT and SGOT) of 8,184 young adults(2,633 in female and 5,551 in male) were examined during the period from Jan.1,1994 to Dec. 31, 1994. The results were as follows; 1. Mean level of SGPT was 9.l+/-7.6(IU/L) in female, 21.0+/-27.9(IU/L) in male, and that of SGOT was 15.1+/-6.0(IU/L) in female, 20.5+/-26.5(IU/L) in male. There were significant differences(p<0.01) between female and male in both SPT and SGOT. And also there was significant increasing trend(p<0.05) by age groups in male for SGPT, decreasing trend(p<0.01) in female for SGOT. 2. In the abnormal rates of liver function test by the level of cut-off value, there were significant differences up to twice between the lowest and the highest cut-off value in both female(0.4% vs 0.7%) and male(6.5% vs 12.4%) 3. Abnormal rate of SGPT was 0.4% in female and 6.3% in male, and that of SGOT was 0.2% in female and 1.2% in male with significant differences between female and male in both tests.