Development of a Safety Surveillance Plan for the Academic Medicine Sponsor Performing First-in-Human Cellular Therapy Clinical Trials: A Report from the Consortium for Pediatric Cellular Immunotherapy.

Pharmacovigilance (PV), also known as drug safety, is the science of risk management involving the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects related to a medication. This discipline has traditionally focused on the postmarketing period, with less attention to early-phase clinical trials. However, during the immunotherapy and cellular therapy investigational stage, regulatory agencies are increasingly emphasizing the need to identify and characterize safety signals earlier in clinical development as part of a comprehensive safety surveillance plan. Compliance with PV and safety regulations are further heightened as cell and gene therapy (CGT) trials grow in complexity and scope owing to ever-changing and increasingly rigorous regulatory mandates. Based on this changing landscape, a critical aspect of early-phase trials of cellular products where significant safety events are anticipated is to ensure that every effort is made to protect clinical trial participants by maximizing attention to the risk-versus-benefit profile. This includes the development of robust plans for safety surveillance that provide a continual assessment of safety signals to enable safety reporting to regulatory bodies and the Food and Drug Administration, a regular analysis of aggregate safety data, and a plan to communicate safety findings. This report focuses on PV in early-phase clinical trials of first-in-human investigational products sponsored by academic centers in which the availability of PV resources and subject matter experts is limited. To more fully understand the challenges of CGT PV oversight within pediatric academic medical centers conducting early-phase clinical trials, a working group from institutions participating in the Consortium for Pediatric Cellular Immunotherapy composed of faculty and regulatory professionals was convened to compare experiences, identify best practices, and review published literature to identify commonalities and opportunities for alignment. Here we present guidelines on PV planning in early-phase CGT clinical trials occurring in academic medical centers and offer strategies to mitigate risk to trial participants. Standards to address regulatory requirements and governance for safety signal identification and risk assessment are discussed.

Addressing anti-black racism in an academic preterm birth initiative: perspectives from a mixed methods case study.

BACKGROUND: Growing recognition of racism perpetuated within academic institutions has given rise to anti-racism efforts in these settings. In June 2020, the university-based California Preterm Birth Initiative (PTBi) committed to an Anti-Racism Action Plan outlining an approach to address anti-Blackness. This case study assessed perspectives on PTBi's anti-racism efforts to support continued growth toward racial equity within the initiative. METHODS: This mixed methods case study included an online survey with multiple choice and open-ended survey items (n = 27) and key informant interviews (n = 8) of leadership, faculty, staff, and trainees working within the initiative. Survey and interview questions focused on perspectives about individual and organizational anti-racism competencies, perceived areas of initiative success, and opportunities for improvement. Qualitative interview and survey data were coded and organized into common themes within assessment domains. RESULTS: Most survey respondents reported they felt competent in all the assessed anti-racism skills, including foundational knowledge and responding to workplace racism. They also felt confident in PTBi's commitment to address anti-Blackness. Fewer respondents were clear on strategic plans, resources allocated, and how the anti-racism agenda was being implemented. Suggestions from both data sources included further operationalizing and communicating commitments, integrating an anti-racism lens across all activities, ensuring accountability including staffing and funding consistent with anti-racist approaches, persistence in hiring Black faculty, providing professional development and support for Black staff, and addressing unintentional interpersonal harms to Black individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This case study contributes key lessons which move beyond individual-level and theoretical approaches towards transparency and accountability in academic institutions aiming to address anti-Black racism. Even with PTBi's strong commitment and efforts towards racial equity, these case study findings illustrate that actions must have sustained support by the broader institution and include leadership commitment, capacity-building via ongoing coaching and training, broad incorporation of anti-racism practices and procedures, continuous learning, and ongoing accountability for both short- and longer-term sustainable impact.

Depression and its Associated Factors among Faculties of Academic Institutions.

BACKGROUND: Depression is one of the common mental disorders occurring frequently in the community. The study aimed to find out the prevalence and correlates of depression among faculties of academic institutions in Pokhara Metropolitan, Kaski, Nepal. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 faculties selected from six academic institutions of Pokhara Metropolitan. A self-administered structured questionnaire method was applied to assess depression and explanatory variables among respondents. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to measure depression. The BDI score was classified into normal, mild, moderate and severe depression using the standard classification; and the depression levels were dichotomized into "absent" and "present". Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were computed. Level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Of the total, 21.6% of respondents had depression including 6.7% moderate and 2.9% severe type depression. The likelihood of reporting depression was significantly higher among those who had physical health problems (AOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.16-7.13), consumed vegetables less than 2 times a day (AOR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.07-5.08), had limited access to teaching aids in workplace (AOR, 2.00; 95% CI 1.19-3.33), had higher job stress and higher COVID-19 fear. Depression did not differ by the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and type of institution. CONCLUSIONS: Improving physical health conditions, promoting vegetable consumption, ensuring access to basic facilities, and creating an enabling environment at workplace may help to address depression among faculties. Regular screening programs may help for timely identification and management of the cases.

O fim da cooperação governo-academia no Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica do Sistema Único de Saúde / The end of the cooperation government-academy in the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care in the Brazilian Nacional Health System

Resumo Este estudo analisa a dissolução da cooperação institucional, com duração de aproximadamente uma década, entre o Ministério da Saúde e um conjunto de instituições acadêmicas para efetivação do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Esta pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa, consiste em um estudo de caso que utiliza pressupostos do Neoinstitucionalismo Histórico para orientar a análise. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave. A partir da análise de conteúdo, foram evidenciadas três categorias analíticas: o fim do PMAQ-AB - processo histórico, contexto político-institucional e atores; o fim da cooperação institucional - processo de interação governo-academia; e percepções dos atores sobre o encerramento da cooperação institucional. O fim da cooperação institucional se deu em um contexto de mudança de governo na esfera federal, dentro de uma nova ordem político-institucional do SUS, e influenciado por fatores históricos e pelas práticas dos gestores públicos na condução dos processos políticos. um intercâmbio interinstitucional governo-academia com vistas ao fortalecimento da gestão da saúde e apoio ao desenvolvimento institucional do SUS, considerando as adversidades impostas ao campo da saúde e da educação pública no Brasil atualmente.

Abstract This study analyzes the dissolution of the institutional cooperation, lasting approximately a decade, between the Ministry of Health and a set of academic institutions for the implementation of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) in the scope of the Brazilian Nacional Health System (SUS). This exploratory, qualitative research consists of a case study that uses assumptions of Historical Neoinstitutionalism to guide the analysis. Data were collected by documentary and bibliographic research and semi-structured interviews with key actors. From the content analysis, three analytical categories were evidenced: end of the PMAQ-AB - historical process, political-institutional context and actors; end of the institutional cooperation - government-academy interaction process; and actors' perceptions about the end of institutional cooperation. The end of institutional cooperation happened in a context of change of government at the federal level, within a new political-institutional order of SUS and was influenced by historical factors and the practices of public managers and in the conduct of political processes. An inter-institutional government-academy exchange with a view to strengthening health management and supporting the institutional development of the SUS is a future expectation, considering the adversities imposed on the field of health and public education in Brazil today.

Humanitarian action in academic institutions: a case study in the ethical stewardship of unidentified forensic cases.

Forensic anthropologists are often responsible for the management of long-term unidentified individuals. Others have contextualised these decedents-many of whom likely belonged to socially, politically, and/or economically marginalised groups in life-as part of a larger identification crisis in the US. However, there has been little discussion surrounding how this humanitarian crisis has manifested in academic institutions, where anthropologists often provide medicolegal consultation and act as long-term stewards of the unidentified. The Identification & Repatriation Initiative was created at the Forensic Anthropology Centre at Texas State University (FACTS) to recognise and investigate unidentified human remains in long-term storage. Our paper outlines common challenges that were encountered during our initial reassessment of unidentified cases at FACTS, emphasising the detrimental impacts of inconsistent procedures, loss of context, and case fatigue. It is likely that other academic institutions face similar challenges, and by highlighting these issues we hope to help initiate a larger conversation concerning ethical stewardship of human remains in these settings. By incorporating humanitarian perspectives into forensic casework, anthropologists in academia can better advocate for the long-term unidentified.Key pointsForensic anthropologists at academic institutions are qualified to act as consultants on forensic casework when requested by jurisdictional authorities and are often responsible for the long-term management of unidentified human remains.The long-term unidentified represent a vulnerable population and academic institutions are not exempt from calls for humanitarian approaches to identification.The Identification and Repatriation Initiative was created at the Forensic Anthropology Centre at Texas State University to acknowledge and investigate unidentified human remains in long-term storage.This paper considers possible ways for humanitarian action to be incorporated into academic settings and suggests anthropologists can better advocate for the unidentified through procedural standardisation, institutional and interagency collaboration and ethical stewardship.

Use of individual development plans: experiences from junior faculty in the "NURTURE" mentored research program at Makerere University College of Health Sciences.

Introduction: Individual Development Plan (IDP) is a multi-component career planning worksheet that guides trainees through an iterative self-assessment. This paper provides the first investigation of IDP use and experiences among junior faculty at academic institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where IDP is seldomly used by trainees. Methods: An online survey determined the utilization and impact of IDP among junior faculty trainees enrolled on "NURTURE" mentored research program to support career development for faculty at Makerere University College of Health Sciences (MakCHS) between 2016-2020. Responses were received between March and June 2021, a period of intense COVID-19 pandemic in the country. Results: Of 64 trainees 64(39%) were female and 60/64(98%) developed an IDP during the fellowship period; of whom 45/60(75%) had never been exposed to IDP. Trainees' benefits included intentional thinking about own career goals and support to execute the goals as well as self-management skills of time management and communication, among others. Conclusion: IDP was well-received by junior faculty trainees, with several self-management and motivation benefits to the scholars. We recommend that academic programs and faculty at academic institutions in LMIC should consider taking on the IDP approach to promote focused career development for all trainees including junior faculty.

Perspectives on Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI): A call for oral health care policy.

Educational Institutions in the U.S. have responded to government policies that called for more inclusive educational systems. The goal is to reduce the oppression created by "racism" and enhance the environmental trajectory toward equity and justice. Although significant social and economic advances have been made, these have not been sustainable, and disparities remain. As educational systems have not kept pace with the demographics and economic trends, there is a call to action to affirm the need to establish policies that support diversity within pipeline pathways, faculty recruitment, and retention. Leveraging knowledge and networking across institutions with communities can transform academic cultures, reduce unconscious/implicit bias, and microaggression. As racism exists in every segment of our culture, building sustainable capacity and a system proportional to the populations' relative needs can help chart a direction forward for policies that support justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion among dental institutions.

Leveraging academic initiatives to advance implementation practice: a scoping review of capacity building interventions.

BACKGROUND: Academic institutions building capacity for implementation scholarship are also well positioned to build capacity in real world health and human service settings. How practitioners and policy makers are included and trained in implementation capacity-building initiatives, and their impact on building implementation practice capacity is unclear. This scoping review identified and examined features of interventions that build implementation practice capacity across researchers and practitioners or practitioners-in-training. METHODS: Five bibliographic databases were searched. Eligible studies (a) described an implementation capacity building intervention with a connection to an academic institution, (b) targeted researchers and practitioners (including practitioners-in-training, students, or educators), and (c) reported intervention or participant outcomes. Articles that only described capacity building interventions without reporting outcomes were excluded. Consistent with Arksey and O'Malley's framework, key study characteristics were extracted (target participants, core components, and outcomes) and analyzed using open coding and numerical analysis. RESULTS: Of 1349 studies identified, 64 met eligibility for full-text review, and 14 were included in the final analysis. Half of the studies described implementation capacity building interventions that targeted health or behavioral health researchers, practitioners, and practitioners-in-training together, and half targeted practitioners or practitioners-in-training only. The most common components included structured didactic activities offered in person or online, mentorship and expert consultation to support implementation, and practical application activities (e.g., field placements, case studies). Knowledge sharing activities and technical assistance were less common. All studies reported favorable outcomes related to knowledge attainment, increased ability to implement evidence, productivity, and satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Building implementation capacity among practitioners is critical for integrating insights from implementation science into the field and preventing the "secondary" implementation research-to-practice gap. This scoping review identified several promising implementation practice capacity building interventions that tend to build practitioner capacity via expert led activities which may be relevant for academic institutions seeking to build implementation practice capacity. To avoid widening the implementation research-to-practice gap, implementation capacity building interventions are needed that target policy makers, expand beyond multiple practice settings, and leverage university/community partnerships or on-site academic medical centers. Future studies will also be needed to test the impact on service quality and public health outcomes.

The Social Science of Institutional Transformation: Intersectional Change in the Academy.

This article examines intersectional praxis as an approach to institutional transformation, arguing that intersectionality is both a catalyst for and outcome of gender equity efforts in the social sciences and other academic STEM fields. As such, approaching gender equity intersectionally can be understood as a way that theory and practice are co-constitutive in social science and hence an important aspect of transforming academic institutions. Through a case study of the US National Science Foundation (NSF) ADVANCE program for gender equity in STEM, I look at the development of ADVANCE from an effort to support women in scientific fields to becoming a program for institutional transformation grounded in an intersectional understanding of women's inequity in the academic labor force. I ask two related questions in the efforts to address gender inequities in STEM. First, what is the relationship between academic institutions (which are simultaneously sites for the discovery of knowledge and gender inequality) and the National Science foundation, as the premier American academic institutional funding agency? Second, how has this relationship, through those working on ADVANCE, fundamentally shifted the understanding of the social scientific tools and strategies necessary to advance equity for women in academia? In looking at these questions, I argue that, beyond women's representation in social sciences and academia broadly, intersectionality is an important scholarly advance in social science that offers a dialectical tool for change.

Adapting and Developing an Academic and Community Practice Collaborative Care Model for Metastatic Breast Cancer Care (Project ADAPT): Protocol for an Implementation Science-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains incurable despite significant treatment advances. Coordinating care for patients with MBC can be challenging given the various treatment options, available clinical trials, and frequent need for ancillary services. To optimize MBC care, we designed a project for adapting and developing an academic and community practice collaborative care model for MBC care (Project ADAPT), based on the Ending Metastatic Breast Cancer for Everyone (EMBRACE) program developed at Dana Farber Cancer Institute. OBJECTIVE: We aim to describe the implementation science-based study design and innovative components of Project ADAPT. METHODS: Project ADAPT uses the Dynamic Adaptation Process informed by the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment framework. Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM) partnered with 3 community hospitals in the St. Louis region covering rural and urban settings. The exploration and preparation phases provide patient and provider feedback on current referral practices to finalize the approach for the implementation phase. At the implementation phase, we will enroll patients with MBC at these 3 community sites to evaluate potential collaborative care at WUSM and assess the impact of this collaborative care model on referral satisfaction and acceptability for patients with MBC and their providers. Patients may then return to their community site for care or continue to receive part of their care at WUSM. We are incorporating virtual and digital health strategies to improve MBC care coordination in order to minimize patient burden. RESULTS: The exploration phase is ongoing. As of August 2021, we have recruited 21 patient and provider participants to complete surveys of the current collaborative care process at WUSM. Using a 2-tailed paired t test, 44 patients (including 10 patients from the exploration phase) and 32 oncologists are required to detect an effect size of 0.5 with 80% power at a level of significance of .05. Throughout this phase and in preparation for the implementation phase, we have iteratively updated and refined our surveys for the implementation phase based on testing of our data collection instruments. Our partner sites are in various stages of the single institutional review board (IRB) approval process. We have ongoing engagement with all partner sites, which has helped solidify our participant recruitment strategies and design patient-friendly recruitment materials. In addition, we have included a patient advocate on the research team. Members of the research team have launched a single IRB Support Network at WUSM to create a repository of the single IRB procedures in order to streamline the partner site onboarding process and facilitate enhanced collaboration across institutions. CONCLUSIONS: With this robust model, we expect that patients with MBC will receive optimal care regardless of geographical location and the model will improve patient and provider experiences when navigating the health system. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/35736.

Producción científica de directivos de la carrera de enfermería en universidades peruanas / Scientific Production of the Nursing Major's Managment Personal from Peruvian Universities

Introducción: La producción científica de los directivos de una carrera profesional es importante, pues su aporte a la generación de conocimientos puede ser una referencia y motivación para los estudiantes que dirige. Objetivo: Describir la producción científica de los directivos de la carrera de enfermería de universidades peruanas. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y bibliométrico realizado en Perú durante el año 2020. Se hizo una búsqueda y análisis de la producción científica, en revistas indizadas en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y Redalyc y las colecciones SciELO y catálogo Latindex de los años 2014 al 2019, correspondiente a directivos de la carrera de enfermería de 42 universidades peruanas estatales y privadas, licenciadas por Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria. La autenticidad de los directivos fue corroborada a través de Orcid, Google Scholar, CTI Vitae (ex-DINA) y en el Registro Nacional Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica. Para el análisis de datos se usó estadísticos para describir proporciones. Resultados: Fueron identificados42 directivos, 17 cuentan con al menos una publicación científica. La media del número de manuscritos publicados fue de 2,32 y el índice H de 0,25. Se identificó que 4 directores publicaron artículos en revistas indizadas en Scopus y uno lo hizo además en Web of Science. Conclusiones: La producción científica de los directivos de la carrera de enfermería es baja. Los artículos publicados en su mayoría son de tipo original(AU)

Introduction: The scientific production of the personnel managing a university major is important, because their contribution to knowledge production can be both a reference and a motivation for the students under their supervision. Objective: To describe the scientific production of the Nursing major's management personnel from Peruvian universities. Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective and bibliometric study carried out in Peru during the year 2020. A search and analysis was made of the scientific production, in journals indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science and Redalyc databases, as well as in the SciELO collections and the Latindex catalog, from 2014 to 2019, corresponding to the personnel managing the Nursing major at 42 Peruvian state and private universities, accredited by the National Superintendence of University Higher Education. The authenticity of the management personnel was corroborated through Orcid, Google Scholar, CTI Vitae (ex-DINA) and the National Scientific, Technological and Technological Innovation Registry. For data analysis, statistics were used to describe proportions. Results: Forty-two managers were identified, seventeen of which have at least one scientific publication. The mean number of published manuscripts was 2.32 and the H index was 0.25. Four managers were identified to publish articles in journals indexed in Scopus and one did so, in addition, in Web of Science. Conclusions: The scientific production of the Nursing major's managment personnel is low. Most of the published articles are original(AU)

Open science failed to penetrate academic hiring practices: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current hiring practices of academic institutions around the world, with regard to the mention of advertisements for Open Science (OS) in research based, faculty, and postdoctoral positions. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, using 189 global institutions from the Center for Science and Technology Leiden ranking of world universities of 2017, including the U15 Group (Canadian Research-Intensive Universities), and five self-selected supplementary institutions. METHODS: The main outcome measure for our study is the level of OS in job advertisements, assessed using the Modified Open Science Modular Scheme. RESULTS: After assessing 305 job advertisements for academic positions in 91 institutions, only 2 (0.6%) had any explicit mention of OS in their job advertisements on the Modified Open Science Modular Scheme. The sample assessed the level of open science for 39.0% Associate and/or Assistant professor positions, 30.8% Researcher and/or Postdoctoral fellow positions, and 18.7% of Tenured positions. The remaining 11.5% were for positions such as lectureship, research associate, chair, dean, director and other. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the need for increased recognition of OS as a characteristic in research-active job advertisements. As evident in the alarmingly low percentage of job advertisements that mentioned OS (0.6%), the movement towards enhanced OS profiles across academic institutions is highly encouraged. This can be achieved through increased recognition of OS in research job advertisements and demonstrating the means in which institutions promote OS such as, encouraging preprints, publishing in open access journals, and the importance of data sharing.

Impacto da capacitação em primeiros socorros sobre o conhecimento de educadores e agentes escolares / Impact of training in first aid on the knowledge of educators and school agents / Impacto de la formación en primeros auxilios en el conocimiento de los educadores y agentes escolares

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito da capacitação em primeiros socorros sobre o conhecimento dos professores e agentes de uma unidade escolar. Método: pesquisa quantitativa com delineamento quaseexperimental do tipo pré e pós-teste. A população foi constituída por professores e agentes escolares de uma instituição de ensino no interior do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados foi entre os meses de março e abril de 2022, aplicando-se dois instrumentos: Caracterização sociodemográfica/laboral e questionário de avaliação do conhecimento sobre primeiros socorros. Para analisar os dados empregou-se estatística descritiva, teste de Shapiro Wilk e de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Predominou o gênero feminino (66,7%), média de idade de 43 anos e 66,7% eram casados. 88,9% não participaram de disciplinas em primeiros socorros na formação e 94,5% afirmaram ter presenciado situações acidentes na unidade escolar. Houve aumento no número de acertos das questões relativas a primeiros socorros e melhora em relação aos conceitos (excelente, bom, regular e ruim), com aumento na pontuação do pré-teste para o pós-teste em 3,51 pontos e com a comparação significativa (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os achados mostram que após a aplicação da capacitação em primeiros socorros com professores e os agentes escolares houve aumento de conhecimento, competências e habilidades para atuação na unidade escolar estudada

Objective: to evaluate the effect of training in first aid on the knowledge of teachers and agents of a school unit. Method: quantitative research with a quasi-experimental design of the pre- and post-test type. The population consisted of teachers and school agents from an educational institution in the interior of the State of São Paulo. Data collection took place between March and April 2022, applying two instruments: Sociodemographic/labor characterization and a questionnaire to assess knowledge about first aid. Descriptive statistics, Shapiro Wilk and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data. Results: The female gender predominated (66.7%), mean age was 43 years and 66.7% were married. 88.9% did not participate in first aid courses in training and 94.5% said they had witnessed accident situations at the school unit. There was an increase in the number of correct answers in the questions related to first aid and an improvement in relation to the concepts (excellent, good, fair and bad), with an increase in the pre-test to the post-test by 3.51 points and with the comparison significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings show that after the application of training in first aid with teachers and school agents, there was an increase in knowledge, skills and abilities to work in the school unit studied.

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de la formación en primeros auxilios en el conocimiento de docentes y agentes de una unidad escolar. Método: investigación cuantitativa con un diseño cuasi-experimental del tipo pre y post test. La población estuvo compuesta por docentes y agentes escolares de una institución educativa del interior del Estado de São Paulo. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre marzo y abril de 2022, aplicándose dos instrumentos: Caracterización sociodemográfica/laboral y un cuestionario para evaluar conocimientos sobre primeros auxilios. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, pruebas de Shapiro Wilk y Wilcoxon para analizar los datos. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (66,7%), la edad media fue de 43 años y el 66,7% estaban casados. El 88,9% no participó de cursos de primeros auxilios en formación y el 94,5% dijo haber presenciado situaciones de accidentes en la unidad escolar. Hubo un aumento en el número de respuestas correctas para las preguntas relacionadas con primeros auxilios y una mejora en relación a los conceptos (excelente, bueno, regular y malo), con un aumento en el puntaje del pre-test para el post-test en 3.51 puntos y con la comparación significativa (p<0,001). Conclusión: Los hallazgos muestran que luego de la aplicación de la formación en primeros auxilios con los docentes y agentes escolares, hubo un incremento en los conocimientos y habilidades y destrezas para el trabajo en la unidad escolar estudiada.

Perfil socioeconômico e nível de satisfação dos pacientes atendidos naclínica de endodontia de uma instituição de pós-graduação / Socio-economic profile and level of satisfaction of patients seen at the endodontics clinic of a postgraduate institution

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o perfil socioeconômico e a satisfação dos pacientes em relação aos serviços prestados na Clínica de Endodontia de uma instituição de ensino de pós-graduação. A coleta de dados foi realizada em corte transversal por meio de questionário estruturado e autoaplicável. A amostra foi intencional e aleatória (n=50) para usuários que haviam finalizado o tratamento endodôntico. Para avaliar a satisfação ao final do tratamento foiutilizada escala dimensionale bipolar, com escores atribuídos entre as extremidades. As notas dadas aos diferentes aspectos do tratamento variaram de 0 a 10 com cutoffno valor 7. Os resultados foram catalogados e submetidos às análises descritiva e inferencial com nível de significância fixado em 5%. O perfil socioeconômico dos pacientes atendidos contempla, em sua maioria, mulheres casadas, pardas, acima da terceira década de vida, com vínculo empregatício e baixa renda familiar, com ensino médio completo, residentes na capital e que usam ônibus e carro próprio como meio de transporte. O atendimento foi consideradosatisfatório. Os usuários procuram o atendimento mais por indicação de outros indivíduosdo que pela própria condição financeira, estão satisfeitos com o atendimento do aluno e do professor e consideram a infraestrutura da instituição confortável. Mesmo assim,ainda há aspectos que necessitam ser melhorados, principalmente no que diz respeito ao tempo de espera e de atendimento e àpossibilidade atendimentomais de uma vez na semana (AU).

This study aimed to assess the socio-economic profile and patient satisfaction with the services provided at the Endodontics Clinic of a postgraduate teaching institution. Data collection was carried out in cross-section through a structured and self-administered questionnaire. The sample wasintentional and random (n = 50) for users who had completed endodontic treatment. Adimensional and bipolar scale was usedto evaluate satisfaction at the end of the treatmentwith scores attributed between the extremities. The scores given to the different aspects of the treatment ranged from 0 to 10 with a cutoff of 7. The results were cataloged and submitted to descriptive and inferential analysis with a significance level set at 5%. The socio-economic profile of the patients treated includes, in its majority, married, brown women, above the third decade of life, with employment and low family income, with complete high school education, residing in the capital,and who use buses and their own car as a means of transport. The service was considered satisfactory. Users seek care more by referral from other individuals than by their financial condition, are satisfied with the care provided by the student and the teacher,and consider the infrastructure of the institution comfortable. There are still aspectsthat need to be improved, especially concerningwaiting and service times and the possibility of attending more than once a week (AU).

Implementation of e-health innovative technologies in North Lebanon hospitals.

BACKGROUND: E-health is considered the single most important revolution in health care since the advent of modern medicine. It is an emerging field of medical informatics, used in the organization and delivery of health services and information. It is expected to improve various aspects of health care. AIMS: To achieve universal health coverage in Lebanon, and to explore e-health implementation in Northern Lebanese hospitals and factors influencing the adoption of recent specialized technology in e-health. METHODS: We adopted an exploratory research method based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The main 14 hospitals in Northern Lebanon were chosen for face-to-face interviews to assess and measure behaviour and knowledge regarding e-health and its implementation. Data were analysed using SPSS software, followed by SWOT analysis. RESULTS: The hospitals surveyed had partly implemented and continuously tried to apply some e-health technologies, but there were no real medical records for patients. Various challenges were faced for full e-health technology implementation in Lebanon: primarily cost, followed by some personnel resistance, lack of legislation and common standards, and the necessity for continual training. CONCLUSION: The majority of hospitals are conscious of the importance of e-health technology and the urgent need to implement these new methods. After the legislative rules are issued, the financial aspects remain the major handicap to full implementation. A major role must be played by the academic institutions to provide appropriate education on e-health in their programmes for future graduates.

Program evaluation of a student-led peer support service at a Canadian university.

BACKGROUND: University students often experience numerous financial, social and emotional stressors that can affect their mental health. The Peer Support Centre (PSC) is a pilot project that was established to provide peer support to students in these stressful conditions. We wanted to investigate whether peer support is a viable form of support that would benefit university students. The objective of this study is to determine whether the organization was indeed providing a beneficial service to students and if it was fulfilling the needs of the students that visited the service. METHODS: After a support session, students and peer support providers completed an anonymous questionnaire regarding their self-reported mental wellbeing using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) metrics, and Outcome Rating Scale (ORS). They were also asked about their experience with previous professional mental health services as well as their experience at the PSC. With the data collected from 1043 students and 797 volunteers from September 2016-March 2020, a program evaluation was conducted for quality improvement purposes. RESULTS: The PSC is used by students of different sexes, genders, and ethnicities. Students reported having a low ORS score, moderate anxiety as per the GAD-7 and moderate depression according to the PHQ-9. They find it easy to use and rely on it as an alternative form of support when they approach barriers that prevent them from accessing professional services. Lastly, the peer support providers feel very validated in their role and overall quite prepared and helpful when helping their fellow peers. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of a student service that provides peer support would be beneficial to the members of a university/college campus.

Conocimiento, necesidad y utilidad percibida de la enfermera escolar en el ámbito educativo rural / Knowledge, need and perceived utility of school nurses in the rural educational setting

Objetivo: explorar los conocimientos, las necesidades sentidas y la utilidad percibida por la comunidad educativa de Educación Primaria y Secundaria sobre la figura de la enfermera escolar en el ámbito rural de Huelva (Andalucía).Método: estudio cualitativo de corte fenomenológico efectuado en 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesorado, padres y madres de los centros educativos de dos poblaciones del ámbito rural onubense que fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional y en bola de nieve. Se llevó a cabo análisis temático a partir de categorías preestablecidas.Resultados: se realizaron 23 entrevistas hasta la saturación de la información (14 profesores/as y nueve padres/madres). Se confirmaron tres categorías: conocimiento sobre la enfermera escolar, necesidad de la enfermera escolar y conocimiento y acciones en promoción de salud. Los participantes vieron necesaria la figura de la enfermera escolar en los centros tanto de Educación Primaria como Secundaria. El profesorado encontró muchas dificultades para atender las necesidades clínicas del elevado número de alumnos/as con discapacidades o enfermedades crónicas. Se detectó poca información y conocimiento en los progenitores sobre la promoción de la salud en el centro escolar.Conclusión: el discurso del profesorado, padres y madres participantes indicó la necesidad y utilidad de la implantación de la enfermera escolar en los centros de Educación Primaria y Secundaria en el ámbito rural.(AU)

Objective: to explore the knowledge, the need felt, and the utility perceived by the Primary and Secondary Education community regarding the role of the school nurse in the rural setting of Huelva (Andalusia).Method: a qualitative phenomenological study conducted on 2019. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professors, fathers and mothers from the education centres of two populations within the rural setting of Huelva, who were selected through intentional and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis was conducted, based on pre-established categories.Results: twenty-three (23) interviews were conducted, until there was information overload (14 professors and nine fathers/mothers). Three categories were confirmed: knowledge about the school nurse, need for the school nurse, and knowledge and actions in health promotion. The participants considered that the role of the school nurse was necessary in both Primary and Secondary Education centres. The teaching staff found many difficulties to manage the clinical needs of the high number of patients with disabilities or chronic conditions. Lack of information and knowledge was detected among parents regarding health promotion at the school center.Conclusion: the discourse of the teaching staff, fathers and mothers involved, indicated the need and utility of implementing the role of the school nurse in the Primary and Secondary Education centres in the rural setting.(AU)

Cooperação entre academia e governo para avaliar a Atenção Primária à Saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde / Cooperación entre la academia y el gobierno para evaluar la Atención Primaria de la Salud en el Sistema Brasileño de Salud / Cooperation between university and government to evaluate Primary Health Care in the Brazilian National Health System

Este artigo analisa o papel da academia na cooperação institucional com o Ministério da Saúde para implementação do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada em um estudo de caso, que combinou análise documental e entrevistas com atores-chave do governo e da academia. A cooperação visou efetivar a avaliação externa do programa e o censo das unidades de saúde do Brasil. Dezenas de instituições acadêmicas mobilizaram seu aparato institucional para realizar atividades de formulação e operacionalização da avaliação, de apoio à gestão e acadêmicas, e conferiram qualificação e legitimação política e técnica ao projeto. Esse processo se desenvolveu sob influência do contexto político-institucional do país e das intervenções balizadas pelas instituições. (AU)

Este artículo analiza el papel de la academia en la cooperación institucional con el Ministerio de la Salud para la implementación del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y de la Calidad de la Atención Básica. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, basada en un estudio de caso que combinó análisis documental y entrevistas con actores-clave del gobierno y de la academia. La cooperación tuvo el objetivo de hacer efectiva la evaluación externa del programa y el censo de las unidades de salud del Brasil. Decenas de instituciones académicas movilizaron su aparato institucional para realizar actividades de formulación y puesta en operación de la evaluación, de apoyo a la gestión y académicas y proporcionaron calificación y legitimización política y técnica al proyecto. Ese proceso se desarrolló bajo la influencia del contexto político-institucional del país y de las intervenciones delimitadas por las instituciones. (AU)

This article analizes the role of the university in institutional cooperation with the Brazilian Ministry of Health to implement the Program for Access and Quality Improvement in Primary Care. It is a qualitative research based on a case study that combined document analysis and interviews with key government and academia actors. The cooperation aimed to carry out the External Evaluation of the Program and the census of the Basic Health Units in the country. Dozens of academic institutions mobilized their institutional apparatus to carry out activities for the formulation and operationalization of the evaluation, support for management and academic, and gave qualification and political and technical legitimacy to the project. This process developed under the influence of the country's political-institutional context and the interventions guided by the institutions. (AU)

Percepción de adolescentes sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en entornos escolares. Estudio cualitativo / Adolescents perception of psychoactive substance use in school settings. A qualitative study / Percepção de adolescentes sobre o uso de substâncias psicoativas em ambientes escolares. Estudo qualitativo

Introducción. El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en los adolescentes genera efectos negativos en el individuo, familia y desarrollo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir la percepción de los adolescentes, sobre los problemas, causas y consecuencias frente al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en el entorno escolar. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo, exploratorio, desarrollo de siete grupos focales. Muestra por conveniencia hasta saturación de datos. Participaron de manera voluntaria cuarenta adolescentes de un colegio público de Bogotá, previo consentimiento informado y asentimiento. Guía de 10 preguntas sobre el consumo de psicoactivos. Se hicieron grabaciones de audio y transcripciones, análisis inductivo e interpretativo. Resultados. Se recolectaron datos de adolescentes entre 10 a 13 años de edad. Estos datos se clasificaron en 3 categorías definidas previamente: 1) problema, 2) causas y 3) consecuencias. En la primera emergió una subcategoría; en la segunda y en la tercera, emergieron dos subcategorías. Discusión. Estudios confirman que las causas del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas son maltrato intrafamiliar y bullying, las cuales generan afectaciones a nivel físico y mental. A diferencia de lo reportado en la literatura, los adolescentes no perciben a sus pares y familiares como un factor protector. Conclusión. Desde la percepción de los adolescentes, el acceso al consumo de psicoactivos en entornos escolares es fácil y algunas veces se da por personas externas. Se constituye en un problema conexo con la familia y de las relaciones sociales. Destacan como causas el maltrato intrafamiliar, violencia y bullying. Como consecuencias perciben afectación del desempeño académico, la salud física y psicológica. Cómo citar. Enriquez-Guerrero CL., Barreto-Zorza YM., Lozano-Vélez L., Ocampo-Gómez MA. Percepción de adolescentes sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en entornos escolares. Estudio cualitativo. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 41-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3959

Introduction. The use of psychoactive substances in adolescents generates adverse effects on the individual, family, and development. This study aims to describe the adolescents' perception of the problems, causes, and consequences of psychoactive substance use in the school environment. Methodology. This qualitative, exploratory study involved the development of seven focus groups. Convenience sampling was used until data saturation. Forty adolescents from a public school in Bogota participated voluntarily, with prior informed consent and assent. A 10-question guide on psychoactive drug use was used. Audio recordings and transcripts were subjected to inductive and interpretative analysis. Results. These data were classified into three previously defined categories: 1) problem, 2) causes, and 3) consequences. One subcategory emerged in the first; two subcategories emerged in the second and third. Discussion. Studies confirm that the causes of psychoactive substance use are domestic abuse and bullying, which generate physical and mental effects. Unlike what is reported in the literature, adolescents do not perceive their peers and family members as protecting factors. Conclusion. From the adolescents' perception, access to psychoactive drug use in school environments is easy and sometimes occurs through outsiders. It is a problem related to family and social relations. They highlight as causes intra-family abuse, violence, and bullying. Consequently, they perceive that academic performance, physical and psychological health are affected. Cómo citar. Enriquez-Guerrero CL., Barreto-Zorza YM., Lozano-Vélez L., Ocampo-Gómez MA. Percepción de adolescentes sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en entornos escolares. Estudio cualitativo. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 41-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3959

Introdução. O consumo de substâncias psicoativas em adolescentes gera efeitos negativos no indivíduo, na família e no desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a percepção de adolescentes sobre os problemas, causas e consequências do consumo de substâncias psicoativas no ambiente escolar. Metodologia. Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, e desenvolvimento de sete grupos focais. Amostra por conveniência até a saturação dos dados. Quarenta adolescentes de uma escola pública em Bogotá participaram voluntariamente, com consentimento informado previamente e autorização. Guia de 10 questões sobre o consumo de substâncias psicoativas. Foram feitas gravações e transcrições de áudio, análises indutivas e interpretativas. Resultados. Foram coletados dados de adolescentes entre os 10 e 13 anos de idade. Esses dados foram classificados em 3 categorias previamente definidas: 1) problema, 2) causas e 3) consequências. Na primeira, surgiu uma subcategoria; na segunda e terceira emergiram duas subcategorias. Discussão. Estudos confirmam que as causas do consumo de substâncias psicoativas são o abuso doméstico e o bullying, que geram afetações físicos e mentais. Diferentemente do que é relatado na literatura, os adolescentes não percebem seus pares e familiares como um fator de proteção. Conclusão. Na percepção dos adolescentes, o acesso ao uso de substâncias psicoativas em ambientes escolares é fácil e, às vezes, feito por pessoas externas. Torna-se um problema relacionado à família e às relações sociais. Destacam-se como causas o abuso intrafamiliar, violência e bullying. Como consequências, percebem que o desempenho acadêmico, saúde física e psicológica são afetados. Cómo citar. Enriquez-Guerrero CL., Barreto-Zorza YM., Lozano-Vélez L., Ocampo-Gómez MA. Percepción de adolescentes sobre consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en entornos escolares. Estudio cualitativo. MedUNAB. 2021;24(1): 41-50. Doi: https://doi.org/10.29375/01237047.3959