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1.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37: [102317], Agos. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224224

RESUMO

Se expone el desarrollo de un proceso territorial de acción comunitaria para la salud basada en activos, que tuvo como objetivo generar estrategias concretas para combatir el hambre y la malnutrición en un barrio popular de la ciudad de Tunja (Colombia) con altas brechas de desigualdad económica y fragmentación social. A partir de la identificación y la dinamización de diversas iniciativas de autonomías alimentarias se generó una red comunitaria que facilitó la utilización colectiva de recursos, saberes y prácticas propias alrededor del proceso agroalimentario. Con ello se promovió la accesibilidad a alimentos saludables y culturalmente legítimos, a la vez que se configuró un espacio vincular de autonomía, organización, participación y cooperación solidaria entre vecinos. Esto demuestra la potencialidad salutogénica de las acciones locales en salud y de abordar la alimentación de manera participativa, hecho que señalamos como una propuesta político-popular y académica para la promoción de la salud colectiva.(AU)


This paper presents the development of a territorial process of community action for health based on assets. Its objective was to generate concrete strategies to combat hunger and malnutrition in a working-class neighbourhood of the Colombian city of Tunja where there are significant gaps in terms of economic inequality and social fragmentation. Through the identification and dynamization of diverse initiatives of food autonomy, a community network was created which facilitated the collective use of their own resources, knowledge, and practices around the agri-food process. This promoted access to healthy and culturally accepted foods and a space where autonomy, organisation, participation, and cooperation among neighbours converged. The above shows the salutogenic potentiality of local actions in health and of approaching food in a participative way, something that we point out as a political-popular and academic proposal for the promotion of collective health.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Alimentos, Dieta e Nutrição , Programas e Políticas de Nutrição e Alimentação , 50328 , Áreas de Pobreza , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/tendências , Saúde Pública , Promoção da Saúde , Participação da Comunidade , Redes Comunitárias , Fome , Desnutrição , Colômbia
2.
Gac Sanit ; 37: 102317, 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37421938

RESUMO

This paper presents the development of a territorial process of community action for health based on assets. Its objective was to generate concrete strategies to combat hunger and malnutrition in a working-class neighbourhood of the Colombian city of Tunja where there are significant gaps in terms of economic inequality and social fragmentation. Through the identification and dynamization of diverse initiatives of food autonomy, a community network was created which facilitated the collective use of their own resources, knowledge, and practices around the agri-food process. This promoted access to healthy and culturally accepted foods and a space where autonomy, organisation, participation, and cooperation among neighbours converged. The above shows the salutogenic potentiality of local actions in health and of approaching food in a participative way, something that we point out as a political-popular and academic proposal for the promotion of collective health.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Senso de Coerência , Humanos , Participação da Comunidade , Redes Comunitárias , Cidades
3.
Gac Sanit ; 37: 102269, 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36399988

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the strengths available for the community orientation of primary health care (PHC) in the context of the evaluation of the piloting of a training program in Community Health for Resident Internal Specialists in Andalusia (Spain). METHOD: We will conduct a qualitative, phenomenologically-oriented, explanatory research in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Sixty-seven professionals from six PHC Districts of Andalusia which were part of the training program called Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care Assets for Community Health (PARAC) were interviewed. RESULTS: There is consensus in giving training a key weight in the community orientation of PHC. For this reason, those agents linked to training are identified as assets: general practice (GP) trainers, young professionals in training who bring updated perspectives and approaches to accredited PHC training centers, whose professionals must respond to the needs of their GP trainees, the multi-professional teaching units responsible for the GP trainees training and a medium and long-term health system thinking along with structures that coordinate and support the community work at the PHC centers. CONCLUSIONS: The community orientation of PHC is an objective that requires the participation of all levels of the health system. Knowing its assets and working with them can contribute to provide proposals to advance towards a community-oriented PHC system.


Assuntos
Medicina Geral , Saúde Pública , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde
4.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 37: 102269, 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217764

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar las fortalezas disponibles para la orientación comunitaria de la atención primaria de salud (APS) en el contexto de la evaluación del pilotaje de un programa formativo en salud comunitaria para especialistas internos residentes en Andalucía. Método: Estudio cualitativo explicativo de diseño fenomenológico, en el que se analiza la opinión de las personas participantes, que fueron 67 profesionales pertenecientes a seis distritos sanitarios de Andalucía implicados en el proceso formativo del Proyecto de Apoyo a la Revitalización de la Atención Primaria Activos para la Salud Comunitaria (PARAC). Resultados: Existe consenso en que la formación tiene un papel clave en la orientación comunitaria de la APS. Se identifican como activos los agentes vinculados a la docencia: los/las residentes, jóvenes profesionales en formación que traen perspectivas y enfoques renovados a los centros de salud docentes, donde los/las profesionales deben dar respuesta a las necesidades de sus residentes, coordinados con las unidades docentes multiprofesionales responsables de la formación de los/las residentes en un sistema sanitario con la vista puesta en el medio y largo plazo con estructuras que permitan organizar y apoyen la labor comunitaria de los centros de salud. Conclusiones: La orientación comunitaria de la APS es un objetivo que requiere el concurso de todos los niveles del sistema sanitario. Conocer y trabajar con los activos de la APS puede aportar propuestas para avanzar hacia la orientación comunitaria de esta. (AU)


Objective: To identify the strengths available for the community orientation of primary health care (PHC) in the context of the evaluation of the piloting of a training program in Community Health for Resident Internal Specialists in Andalusia (Spain). Method: We will conduct a qualitative, phenomenologically-oriented, explanatory research in which the opinion of the participants is analyzed. Sixty-seven professionals from six PHC Districts of Andalusia which were part of the training program called Project to Support the Revitalization of Primary Care Assets for Community Health (PARAC) were interviewed. Results: There is consensus in giving training a key weight in the community orientation of PHC. For this reason, those agents linked to training are identified as assets: general practice (GP) trainers, young professionals in training who bring updated perspectives and approaches to accredited PHC training centers, whose professionals must respond to the needs of their GP trainees, the multi-professional teaching units responsible for the GP trainees training and a medium and long-term health system thinking along with structures that coordinate and support the community work at the PHC centers. Conclusions: The community orientation of PHC is an objective that requires the participation of all levels of the health system. Knowing its assets and working with them can contribute to provide proposals to advance towards a community-oriented PHC system. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Geral , Saúde Pública , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha , Primeiros Socorros , Promoção da Saúde , Internato e Residência , Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária
5.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 54(12): 102496-102496, dic. 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-213295

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar la implementación de la «Guía de recomendación de activos para la salud en atención primaria Aragón». Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento: Ciento veintitrés equipos de atención primaria aragoneses. Participantes: Recomendaciones de Activos para la Salud realizadas con el protocolo «Recomendación Activos-AP» de historia clínica electrónica de atención primaria Aragón desde septiembre de 2018 a marzo de 2021. Mediciones principales: Se describieron las variables más relevantes del protocolo: edad, sexo, provincia, sector sanitario, zona básica de salud, problema de salud, aspecto a potenciar, activo para la salud recomendado, tipo de profesional, grado de asistencia, satisfacción y mejoría. Resultados: El protocolo fue utilizado 2.109 veces y se realizaron 1.482 recomendaciones y 428 seguimientos. El uso del protocolo fue aumentando progresivamente hasta marzo de 2020. A 1.431 personas se les realizó una recomendación y a 51 más de una. La edad media de las personas beneficiarias fue de 67,9años. El 74,8% de recomendaciones se dirigieron a mujeres. Diagnósticos relacionados con problemas sociales y psicológicos fueron los más vinculados a recomendaciones, y la esfera física fue el aspecto más potenciado. Los activos más recomendados se vinculaban con actividad física y recursos de promoción de la autonomía personal. Más del 90% de las personas asistieron con regularidad al activo. La satisfacción media fue de 4,8 (0/5) y el grado de mejoría de 4,3 (0/5). Conclusiones: La implementación de recomendación de activos para la salud dentro la Estrategia de Atención Comunitaria Aragón está funcionando. Sin embargo, es necesario revisar algunos aspectos. Es preciso continuar generando evidencia para poder adecuar y hacer más eficiente este proceso.(AU)


Objective: To analyze the implementation of social prescribing guideline in primary care Aragón. Design: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Location: One hundred twenty-three primary care teams of Aragón. Participants: Social prescribing made with the protocol «Recomendación Activos - AP» of electronic health record of primary care Aragón from September 2018 to March 2021. Main measurements: The most relevant variables of the protocol were described: age, sex, province, health sector, basic health area, health problem, aspect to be enhanced, asset for health recommended, type of professional, degree of assistance, satisfaction and improvement. Results: The protocol was used 2109 times, 1482 recommendations were made and 428 follow-ups were performed. The use of the protocol increased progressively until March 2020. A total of 1431 people received one recommendation and 51 received more than one recommendation. The average age of the beneficiaries was 67.9years. 74.8% of recommendations were addressed to women. Diagnoses related to social and psychological problems were the most frequently recommended, and the physical sphere was the aspect most promoted. Most social prescribing was linked to physical activity and resources for the promotion of personal autonomy. More than 90% of the people regularly attended the activity, the average satisfaction was 4.8 (0/5) and the degree of improvement 4.3 (0/5). Conclusions: The implementation of asset for health recommended within the Aragon community care strategy is working, however, some aspects need to be reviewed. It is necessary to continue generating evidence to be able to adapt and make this process more efficient.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , 35170 , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Comunitária , 57923 , Colaboração Intersetorial , Espanha , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
6.
Aten Primaria ; 54(12): 102496, 2022 12.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36308979

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the implementation of social prescribing guideline in primary care Aragón. DESIGN: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. LOCATION: One hundred twenty-three primary care teams of Aragón. PARTICIPANTS: Social prescribing made with the protocol «Recomendación Activos - AP¼ of electronic health record of primary care Aragón from September 2018 to March 2021. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The most relevant variables of the protocol were described: age, sex, province, health sector, basic health area, health problem, aspect to be enhanced, asset for health recommended, type of professional, degree of assistance, satisfaction and improvement. RESULTS: The protocol was used 2109 times, 1482 recommendations were made and 428 follow-ups were performed. The use of the protocol increased progressively until March 2020. A total of 1431 people received one recommendation and 51 received more than one recommendation. The average age of the beneficiaries was 67.9years. 74.8% of recommendations were addressed to women. Diagnoses related to social and psychological problems were the most frequently recommended, and the physical sphere was the aspect most promoted. Most social prescribing was linked to physical activity and resources for the promotion of personal autonomy. More than 90% of the people regularly attended the activity, the average satisfaction was 4.8 (0/5) and the degree of improvement 4.3 (0/5). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of asset for health recommended within the Aragon community care strategy is working, however, some aspects need to be reviewed. It is necessary to continue generating evidence to be able to adapt and make this process more efficient.


Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto
7.
Comunidad (Barc., Internet) ; 24(2)julio 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206278

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La identificación de activos de salud y la difusión de los mismos por parte de los profesionales de Atención Primaria (AP) mejora la calidad de vida de las personas. En este proyecto se pretende dar voz a diversos activos comunitarios del Área Sanitaria de Vigo e iniciar la formación de una red local para la salud en el área. Método: Estudio cualitativo de investigación-acción participativa (IAP). Se hicieron cuatro entrevistas en formato vídeo a asociaciones que trabajan con grupos de población especialmente afectados por la situación sanitaria de pandemia de la COVID-19. Se publicaron en el canal de YouTube de la Unidad Docente de Atención Familiar y Comunitaria (UDAFyC) de Vigo. Se acompañaron de la transcripción de la entrevista y de la documentación facilitada por la propia asociación. Fueron difundidos por el grupo promotor del proyecto y otros recursos externos. Se evaluó el impacto analizando las visualizaciones en cada una de ellas. Resultados: Los vídeos tuvieron una duración media de 10 minutos. El pico de visualizaciones se encuentra entre los 2-3 primeros días tras su publicación y las visitas al canal de YouTube fueron un total de 618, siendo las aplicaciones externas WhatsApp (178) y Facebook (86) las más utilizadas para acceder a la plataforma. Únicamente una de las asociaciones entrevistadas compartió el vídeo realizado en sus redes sociales. Discusión: La mayor parte de la difusión ha sido a través del grupo promotor y de la Unidad Docente Multidisciplinar de Vigo, siendo efectiva la instauración del recurso de difusión vía telemática. La mayoría de los activos comunitarios están dispuestos a colaborar en este tipo de proyectos, aunque no tienen gran peso en la difusión posterior del vídeo. Es importante mantener este tipo de difusiones y evaluaciones en el tiempo para ampliar y mejorar los conocimientos de los activos comunitarios por parte de la población. (AU)


Background. The identification of community assets and their dissemination by primary care professionals improves people's quality of life. Therefore, in this project we tried to give a voice to different community assets in the Vigo Health Area and to start training a local health network in the area. Method. By means of qualitative study research - participatory action we performed four interviews in video format with associations who work with population groups especially affected by the COVID-19 pandemic health situation. They were published on the Vigo Family and Community Attention Teaching unit (UDAFyC) YouTube channel and were disseminated by the group promoting the project and other external resources. Next, we evaluated the impact by analyzing the number of times they were seen. Results. The videos lasted on average 10 minutes. The peak number of views was between the first two to three days after their publication and the YouTube channel received a total of 618 visits; WhatsApp and Facebook being the applications most used to access the platform. Only one association interviewed shared the video on their social networks. Discussion. Most dissemination was by means of the promoter group and the Vigo Multidisciplinary Teaching Unit. Establishment of the online dissemination resource was effective. Most community assets are willing to collaborate in this type of project, although they do not have a great weight in subsequent dissemination of the video. It is important to maintain this type of dissemination and evaluations over time to expand and improve the knowledge of community assets by the population. Conclusions. In total, the channel received a total of 618 visits with external sources such as WhatsApp and Facebook being the most used for access. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Recursos Audiovisuais , Redes Comunitárias , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias
8.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-206280

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivos: La COVID-19 hace evidente la urgencia de crear un sistema equitativo en el acceso a la salud. Así, se decide realizar un enfoque salutogénico basado en los activos para la salud. Para ello, se pretende identificar los principales problemas de salud de nuestra comunidad y conocer los recursos comunitarios disponibles, con el fin de establecer alianzas y proyectos futuros de colaboración. Métodos: Inicialmente, el Grupo Promotor (GP) hace el diagnóstico de salud y delimita el área de intervención. Una vez ubicados los activos por internet, se representan en el mapa. Se elige la entrevista individual como técnica de recogida de información. Cuando la situación epidemiológica lo permite, se organiza una reunión con los representantes de los recursos comunitarios, donde se analizan los resultados y se identifican los problemas más emergentes. Resultados: A lo largo de 7 meses, se hicieron 16 entrevistas con distintos representantes sociales de la comunidad Los principales problemas encontrados fueron desempleo, migración, prostitución, adicción y suicidio. La mayoría de las actividades comunitarias se han visto interrumpidas durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19, aunque han surgido nuevas iniciativas. Conclusión/discusión: El mapeo de recursos comunitarios y diagnóstico en salud aporta una visión real de la comunidad. Además, implica a sus representantes, profesionales y ciudadanía en la búsqueda de soluciones, desarrollando mejores condiciones de vida. (AU)


Introduction and objectives. COVID-19 reveals the urgency of creating an equitable system in access to healthcare. Thus, it has been decided to perform a salutogenic approach based on health assets. For that to be accomplished, it is intended to identify our community’s main health problems and to ascertain the available community resources to establish alliances and future collaboration projects. Methodology. Initially, the Promoter Group (PG) performs the health diagnosis and defines the area of intervention. Once the assets are found on the internet, they are placed on the map. The data collection technique chosen was the individual interview. When the epidemiological situation enables this, a meeting is organized with the representatives of the community resources, where the results are analyzed and the most emerging problems are identified. Results. Over seven months, 16 interviews were held with different social representatives of the community. The fundamental problems detected were unemployment, migration, prostitution, addiction and suicide. Most community activities were interrupted during the COVID-19 lockdown, although new initiatives have arisen. Conclusion/Discussion. Asset mapping and diagnosis in health provides an actual vision of the Community. Furthermore, it involves its representatives, professionals and citizens in the search for solutions, providing a better quality of life. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Pública , Recursos em Saúde , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Medicina Comunitária , Promoção da Saúde
9.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 36(4): 392-395, jul.-ago. 2022. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212560

RESUMO

Se presenta la experiencia de redefinición de la metodología de mapeo de activos en salud, que tuvo como objetivo hacer posible el análisis según desigualdades de salud, así como su utilización como herramienta en procesos participativos de toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la Administración local. Para ello se diseñó un procedimiento replicable y apto para todas las edades y todos los colectivos. A su vez, se estableció una extensa clasificación de los activos no solo en el plano geográfico, sino también según el perfil de la persona y las características de los activos. El volcado de los datos en un sistema de información geográfica y la gran cantidad de activos recogidos permitieron ampliar la interpretación habitual de los datos obtenidos y presentar la información de forma dinámica. (AU)


This is a report about the experience on redefining the health asset mapping methodology. The aim of this experience consisted of making an analysis on health inequalities, as well as of using it as a tool in decision-making participative processes in the local administration area. Thus, a replicable procedure for all ages and groups was designed. Besides this, assets have been widely classified, in accordance with the territorial distribution, people's profiles and asset features. Both the upload of data to a geographical information system and the large amount of data gathered allowed us to enlarge the common interpretation of data and present the information in a dynamic way. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Tomada de Decisões , Saúde Pública , Planejamento Social , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde
10.
Comunidad (Barc., Internet) ; 23(3)noviembre-febrero 2022. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217525

RESUMO

Fundamentos: Se realiza un análisis de los activos en salud identificados en 11 procesos de mapeo llevados a cabo en el casco urbano de Madrid, entre mayo de 2017 y diciembre de 2019. Para su descripción y caracterización, se tuvo en cuenta el grado de vulnerabilidad social del distrito donde se recogieron los activos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Se revisó la base de datos común de Madrid Salud, que reúne activos identificados en 11 distritos de la ciudad de Madrid, unificando los criterios de clasificación, y asociando cada distrito a su índice de vulnerabilidad. Resultados: 1.084 activos válidos recogidos, identificados mayoritariamente activos físicos (52% del total), que aportan espacios compartidos. Destacan las zonas verdes, centros educativos (en tanto que aportan lugares de convivencia), zonas deportivas y otros lugares de encuentro comunitario (agrupados en una categoría común). En distritos más vulnerables, la población destacó también las asociaciones (formales e informales) y las personas, mientras que en los distritos más favorecidos han sido señalados más activos económicos y culturales. Conclusiones: Este estudio proporciona una panorámica sobre aquellos aspectos más valiosos para la población madrileña entre 2017 y 2020: la importancia principal de los espacios compartidos emerge con más fuerza como activo clave para la salud comunitaria cuanto más vulnerable es el distrito; sirva como orientación para la prescripción de activos desde las consultas de salud comunitaria, así como para las políticas sociales, dentro de la heterogeneidad de contextos y subtextos de cada distrito. (AU)


Background: Health assets identified in eleven mapping processes in Madrid city from May 2017 to December 2019, were analyzed by means of classification and description. The district’s level of social vulnerability was considered. Methods. Descriptive study. Madrid Salud1 health assets’ database was reviewed to unify classification criteria from each district and assign the corresponding vulnerability index. Results. From a total of 1084 valid records collated, 52% were physical health assets; green areas, educational and sports centres were the most common. Regarding vulnerability index, more deprived population revealed common spaces (physical assets), formal and informal associations and people as health assets, whereas in less vulnerable districts more economic and cultural assets were highlighted. Conclusions. This study provides an overview of the most valuable aspects for health according to the Madrid population between 2017 and 2020, which serves as a guideline for the social prescription of assets and for social policies within the heterogeneity of each district’s backgrounds and subtexts. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde , 34658 , Participação da Comunidade , Saúde Pública
11.
Gac Sanit ; 36(4): 392-395, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33757691

RESUMO

This is a report about the experience on redefining the health asset mapping methodology. The aim of this experience consisted of making an analysis on health inequalities, as well as of using it as a tool in decision-making participative processes in the local administration area. Thus, a replicable procedure for all ages and groups was designed. Besides this, assets have been widely classified, in accordance with the territorial distribution, people's profiles and asset features. Both the upload of data to a geographical information system and the large amount of data gathered allowed us to enlarge the common interpretation of data and present the information in a dynamic way.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde , Saúde Pública , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Humanos , Relatório de Pesquisa
12.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-212332

RESUMO

El 23 de junio de 2017 se llevó a cabo una yincana participativa en el Centro Juvenil de Carabanchel Alto, actividad enmarcada en la iniciativa de salud comunitaria Mapeando Carabanchel Alto. Esta yincana surgió tras detectar la necesidad de aproximar los recursos sociosanitarios del barrio a su población y con ella se consiguió promocionar la salud de manera lúdica y se facilitó el empoderamiento de la propia juventud como elemento indispensable del proceso.Diferentes agentes sociosanitarios fueron los encargados de diseñar las pruebas. La actividad comenzó con un cuentacuentos sobre los recursos de salud disponibles en el entorno, seguido por nueve pruebas dinámicas y participativas de siete minutos de duración, que además albergarían una serie de retos. Al finalizar cada prueba, conseguían una puntuación que determinó el destinatario del premio facilitado por el organismo autónomo Madrid Salud.Para valorar la actividad, se llevaron a cabo tres evaluaciones. La primera a las 38 personas participantes, en la que destacaron aspectos positivos. Un grupo focal hizo una segunda evaluación cualitativa, en la que se señalaron algunos aspectos que se podían mejorar. Y, finalmente, se envió un cuestionario a los profesionales que la llevaron a cabo. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Pública , Promoção da Saúde , Educação em Saúde , Redes Comunitárias , Inquéritos e Questionários
13.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 41(4): 157-170, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1366699

RESUMO

Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional y el incremento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles están generando un gran impacto en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Articular el sistema de salud con los recursos comunitarios es fundamental para poder coordinar la atención sociosanitaria, descomplejizar la atención de los adultos mayores y promover el envejecimiento activo. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la participación de adultos mayores en un proyecto de mapeo de activos para la salud y los efectos percibidos en esta experiencia. Métodos: la intervención consistió en un taller de seis encuentros semanales donde se aprendió a reconocer activos para la salud. Estos fueron volcados en un mapa virtual de acceso libre y gratuito para ser compartido con toda la sociedad. En el taller también se reforzó la importancia de la relación entre los participantes para mejorar los apoyos sociales. Utilizamos un diseño cualitativo de tipo interactivo con una estructura interconectada y flexible de los componentes de la investigación. Se observaron las interacciones y diálogos que se produjeron entre moderadoras-participantes y participantes entre sí, y se incluyeron los registros del cuaderno de campo de las moderadoras. Al finalizar el último encuentro, y cumplidos tres meses, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a quienes asistieron, al menos, a la mitad de los encuentros. Se utilizó una guía con preguntas abiertas, para conocer la perspectiva de los participantes acerca de eventuales cambios percibidos a partir de la experiencia vivida en el taller. Los datos se categorizaron y, posteriormente, se triangularon para garantizar la validez del análisis. Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías que sitúan las experiencias de los participantes en relación con su paso por el proyecto: la generación de vínculos entre pares, los vínculos con las moderadoras, la dinámica de taller, la sustentabilidad del proyecto y la resignificación del barrio. Conclusión: es factible generar cambios positivos en la salud de los adultos mayores, potenciar los espacios de socialización y contribuir satisfactoriamente en la resignificación de los barrios a través del mapeo de activos para la salud. (AU)


Introduction: population ageing and the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases are having a major impact on health systems worldwide. Linking the health system with community resources is essential in order to coordinate social and health care, decomplexify the care of older adults and promote active ageing. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between the participation of older adults in a health asset mapping project and the perceived effects of this experience. Methods: the intervention consisted of a workshop of six weekly meetings where participants learned to recognise health assets from the perspective of each participant. These were then uploaded onto a virtual map that could be accessed free of charge and shared with the whole of society. The workshop also reinforced the importance of the relationship between participants to improve social support.We used an interactive qualitative design with an interconnected and flexible structure between the research components. The interactions and dialogues that took place between moderators-participants and participants with each other were observed, and the field notebook records of the moderators were included. At the end of the last meeting, and after three months, in-depth interviews were conducted with those who attended at least half of the meetings. A guide with open-ended questions was used to find out the participants perspective on possible changes perceived as a result of the workshop experience. The data were categorised and then triangulated to ensure the validity of the analysis. Results: the following categories were identified that situate the participants experiences in relation to their time in the project: the generation of links between peers, the links with the moderators, the workshop dynamics, the sustainability of the project and the re-signification of the neighbourhood. Conclusion: it is feasible to generate positive changes in the health of older adults, to strengthen the spaces for socialisation and to successfully contribute to the resignification of the neighbourhoods through the mapping of assets for health. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Apoio Social , Socialização , Inquéritos e Questionários , Educação da População , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade
14.
Comunidad (Barc., Internet) ; 23(2)julio-octubre 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217519

RESUMO

Introducción: En la formación comunitaria del personal sanitario en su paso por los centros de Atención Primaria, es oportuno incorporar el conocimiento de la comunidad de referencia donde van a realizar su actividad. Objetivo: Evaluar una actividad docente de aproximación a la comunidad en residentes de Enfermería y Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria y alumnado de grado que realiza su formación en un centro de Atención Primaria. Método: Investigación cualitativa de tipo exploratorio utilizando una actividad formativa docente que incluye el paseo comunitario como técnica principal con 13 participantes. Se utiliza el aprendizaje de pares para realizar la actividad, evaluada a través del instrumento CAP (Critico-Aplaudo-Propongo) y la diana de evaluación. Resultado: En el apartado «Critico» se identificó incluir la visión de un vecino del barrio, profundizar en las actividades y dimensionar el tiempo. En el apartado «Aplaudo», se constató que la actividad es útil para conocer los diferentes activos del barrio, además de un aprendizaje sobre técnicas de investigación cualitativa dinámicas, participativas, activas y amenas. En el apartado «Propongo» se incluyó la realización de la actividad al comienzo del período de la formación en el centro de Atención Primaria. Las dimensiones mejor evaluadas a través de la diana de evaluación fueron la metodología de trabajo y la aplicabilidad de los contenidos trabajados. Conclusión: La actividad permite aproximarse a la comunidad utilizando diferentes técnicas pedagógicas, aunque debe ser mejorada en cuanto a riqueza participativa de activos y bien dimensionada en tiempo. Se aconseja para residentes y alumnado de grado que inicien su período formativo en un centro de Atención Primaria. (AU)


Introduction: For community training of all health personnel in Primary Care Centres, it is appropriate to incorporate knowledge of the reference community where they are going to perform their activity. Objective. To evaluate a community approach teaching activity in nursing and family and community medicine residents in addition to undergraduate students training in a Primary Care Centre. Method. Qualitative exploratory research using a teacher training activity that includes the community walk as the main technique with a total of 13 subjects. Peer learning is used to perform the activity, which is evaluated by means of the CAP (I Criticise-Applaud-Propose) instrument and the evaluation target. Results. In the “I Criticize” section, including the vision of a neighbourhood resident, going further into depth in the activities and dimensioning time was identified. In the “I Applaud” section, it was found that the activity is useful to learn about the different neighbourhood assets, as well as learning about dynamic, participatory, active and enjoyable qualitative research techniques. In the “I Propose” section, the activity was included at the onset of the training period in the Primary Care Centre. The dimensions best evaluated by means of the evaluation target were the work methodology and applicability of the contents worked on. Conclusion. The activity facilitates a community approach using different pedagogical techniques. However, it must be improved in terms of the participatory wealth of the assets and well dimensioned in time. It is advisable for those residents and undergraduate students to start their training period in a Primary Care Centre. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Saúde Pública
15.
Comunidad (Barc., Internet) ; 23(2)julio-octubre 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217523

RESUMO

Introducción: Los programas formativos de Enfermería y Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria presentan un déficit formativo en Salud Comunitaria. Existe una rotación optativa en la Dirección General de Salud Pública (DGSP) de Asturias y el Observatorio de Salud de Asturias (OBSA) para adquirir dichos conocimientos. Objetivo: Conocer los programas de la DGSP y describir la realización de un proyecto comunitario. Método: Formación teórica en DGSP sobre programas de salud y salud comunitaria, y trabajo práctico en una zona básica de salud (ZBS) realizando un diagnóstico de salud y una devolución posterior. Resultados: Recibimos formación sobre salud comunitaria y conocimos los diferentes programas de salud de la DGSP. En la ZBS estudiada destacó como principal necesidad el aislamiento social por envejecimiento. Entre los recursos destacó positivamente la coordinación entre los agentes. Discusión: Esta experiencia permite ampliar conocimientos en salud comunitaria realizando proyectos prácticos en el territorio, sobre los que continuar trabajando en el futuro. (AU)


Introduction: There is an optional rotation in the General Directorate of Public Health (GDPH) of Asturias and the Health Observatory of Asturias (OBSA) to acquire knowledge to fill the training deficit in community health Family Nursing and Medicine training. Objective. To learn about GDPH programmes and to report a community project. Method. Theoretical training about health and community health programmes in GDPH and practical work in a basic health area (BHA). This entails a health diagnosis and a subsequent return. Results. We were taught about community health and the GDPH health programmes. The main identified need of the BHA at issue was social isolation due to aging. Among the resources, coordination between agents was positively highlighted. Discussion. This experience enabled us to improve our knowledge of community health. Practical projects in the region on which to continue working in the future are carried out. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Pública , Participação da Comunidade , Espanha , Internato e Residência
16.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(3)may.-jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-219279

RESUMO

Objective: To explore the views of the Internet in childhood, identifying both health assets and risks. Method: A qualitative study was performed using 14 focus groups, eight of which comprised boys and girls, four of which comprised parents and two of which were mixed (children and parents) in primary schools in urban and rural settings in Andalusia (Spain). Teachers in these schools were also asked to complete an online questionnaire using LimeSurvey. This study involved 114 individuals: 64 pupils (33 girls and 31 boys), 28 parents (18 mothers and 10 fathers), and 22 teachers (14 women and 8 men). Analysis of manifest content and underlying meanings was carried out. QSR NVivo 9 software was used to facilitate analysis and make it systematic. Results: Our findings show how the differences in the way parents and children understand health and wellbeing affect the way they discuss the Internet and health. The discussion of results looks at the implications of computer literacy for public health and wellbeing, particularly with regard to health assets. Conclusions: Parents and children understand the contribution of the Internet to health and wellbeing differently. Whilst parents emphasize the risks (unsafe environment, relationships and quality of information, social networks, physical problems and addiction), the children emphasize the assets offered by the Internet. (AU)


Objetivo: Explorar la visión de Internet en la infancia, identificando riesgos y activos para la salud. Método: Estudio cualitativo con 14 grupos focales: ocho con niños y niñas, cuatro con familias y dos mixtos con niños/as y familias en centros de educación primaria de los ámbitos rural y urbano en Andalucía (España). También se aplicó un cuestionario on-line al profesorado de los centros educativos. En total participaron 114 personas (33 chicas y 31 chicos; 18 madres y 10 padres; 14 maestras y 8 maestros). Se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido manifiesto y contenido latente, utilizando el software QSR NVivo 9 para facilitar dicho análisis y hacerlo más sistemático. Resultados: Los resultados ponen de manifiesto cómo la forma diferencial de entender la salud y el bienestar entre padres/madres e hijos/as influye en la orientación de los discursos sobre Internet y salud. Los resultados son discutidos ampliando el debate existente en torno a las implicaciones en salud pública de la alfabetización digital y su conexión con el enfoque de activos para la salud. Conclusión: Las familias y la infancia entienden la contribución de Internet a la salud y al bienestar de manera muy diferente. Mientras los padres y las madres enfatizan los riesgos (ambiente inseguro, relaciones y calidad de la información, redes sociales, problemas físicos y adicciones), los/las niños/as se centran en enfatizar las potencialidades de Internet, descritas como activos. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Pais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Internet , Grupos Focais
17.
Gac Sanit ; 35(3): 236-242, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32439240

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To explore the views of the Internet in childhood, identifying both health assets and risks. METHOD: A qualitative study was performed using 14 focus groups, eight of which comprised boys and girls, four of which comprised parents and two of which were mixed (children and parents) in primary schools in urban and rural settings in Andalusia (Spain). Teachers in these schools were also asked to complete an online questionnaire using LimeSurvey. This study involved 114 individuals: 64 pupils (33 girls and 31 boys), 28 parents (18 mothers and 10 fathers), and 22 teachers (14 women and 8 men). Analysis of manifest content and underlying meanings was carried out. QSR NVivo 9 software was used to facilitate analysis and make it systematic. RESULTS: Our findings show how the differences in the way parents and children understand health and wellbeing affect the way they discuss the Internet and health. The discussion of results looks at the implications of computer literacy for public health and wellbeing, particularly with regard to health assets. CONCLUSIONS: Parents and children understand the contribution of the Internet to health and wellbeing differently. Whilst parents emphasize the risks (unsafe environment, relationships and quality of information, social networks, physical problems and addiction), the children emphasize the assets offered by the Internet.


Assuntos
Pais , Instituições Acadêmicas , Criança , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa
18.
Gac Sanit ; 35(5): 473-479, 2021.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32467001

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify health assets and describe quality of life for people diagnosed with severe mental disorder through their own testimonies; to understand the necessities and barriers that affect their quality of life; and offer improvement recommendations. METHOD: A qualitative, descriptive analysis based on the information obtained through semi-structured interviews and asset mapping. RESULTS: Assets are similar to those found in undiagnosed people, while needs and barriers differ in both groups. The main assets include social relationships, socioeconomic assets, personal development, leisure and free time assets, places, art, daily activities, which usually take place within the mental health network, sense of belonging, and autonomy. To improve their health and life quality, they need access to employment and studies, more and better social relationships, and more control over their lives. Side effects of medication and socio-economic exclusion, and the lack of autonomy derived from it are the main existing barriers, which have a negative effect in self-esteem and social interactions. An important measure to improve health and quality of life is the increase of economic and social assets for a more autonomous personal development. CONCLUSIONS: This community action for health care has served to reveal the similarities between health and quality of life assets for severe mental disorder diagnosed and undiagnosed people, as well as the differences in the needs and difficulties to achieve them.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Qualidade de Vida , Participação da Comunidade , Atenção à Saúde , Humanos
19.
Gac Sanit ; 32 Suppl 1: 98-102, 2018 10.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30227942

RESUMO

In recent years, health asset maps have become increasingly important tools in the field of health promotion. They are being incorporated into the daily practice of many healthcare workers, in individualized care in consultations (through social prescription), and in groups or community development processes. It is necessary to reflect on how the asset maps are being produced, analyzing how the different stages of the process can be involved in their construction. The formats in which the data is obtained through the identification of health assets are presented, as well as the processes of production of the information, participative and evaluated processes, are crucial for the maps to be useful, for professionals as well as citizens and institutions.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Administração em Saúde Pública , Saúde Pública/métodos , Humanos , Relatório de Pesquisa , Sociedades Médicas , Espanha
20.
Gac Sanit ; 30 Suppl 1: 93-98, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27481068

RESUMO

An asset-based approach could be useful to revitalise health promotion or community health interventions combining work with multiple partnerships, positive health, community engagement, equity and orientation of health determinants. We set some recommendations about how to incorporate the assets model in programmes, projects and interventions in health promotion. Some techniques are described for assets mapping and some experiences with this methodology being developed in different regions are systematised. We propose the term "Asset-based Health Promotion/Community Health" as an operational definition to work at the local level with a community engagement and participatory approach, building alliances between different institutions at the state-regional level and trying to create a framework for action with the generation of evaluations and evidence to work on population interventions from the perspective of positive health.


Assuntos
Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Humanos , Espanha
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