Exploring the biological activities and potential therapeutic applications of agro-industrial waste products through non-clinical studies: A systematic review.

The latent potential of active ingredients derived from agro-industrial waste remains largely untapped and offers a wealth of unexplored resources. While these types of materials have applications in various fields, their ability to benefit human health needs to be further explored and investigated. This systematic review was conducted to systematically evaluate non-clinical studies that have investigated the biological effects of fractions, extracts and bioactive compounds from agro-industrial wastes and their potential therapeutic applications. Articles were selected via PubMed, Embase and Medline using the descriptors (by-products[title/abstract]) AND (agro-industrial[title/abstract]). The systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Prospero) under the number CRD42024491021. After a detailed analysis based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 38 articles were used for data extraction and discussion of the results. Information was found from in vitro and in vivo experiments investigating a variety of residues from the agro-industry. The studies investigated peels, pomace/bagasse, pulp, seeds, aerial parts, cereals/grains and other types of waste. The most studied activities include mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but other activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, antinociceptive, hypoglycemic, antihyperglycemic and anticoagulant effects have also been described. Finally, the studies included in this review demonstrate the potential of agro-industrial waste and can drive future research with a focus on clinical application.

Enzymatic processing of animal by-products: production of antioxidant hydrolysates with Bacillus sp. CL18 crude protease.

Protein hydrolysates might display diverse bioactivities with potential relevance to human and animal health and food technology. Enzymatic hydrolysis of agro-industrial by-products is increasingly focused. In this study, a crude protease from Bacillus sp. CL18 was applied to obtain antioxidant protein hydrolysates from porcine, bovine, poultry, and fish by-products. The crude enzyme hydrolyzed all the twelve investigated by-products, as detected by increased soluble protein contents after 4 h of proteolysis. Hydrolysates exhibited higher radical-scavenging, Fe2+-chelating and reducing power capacities than non-hydrolyzed by-products. Hydrolysis times (0-8 h) and enzyme-to-substrate (E/S) ratios (384, 860, and 1,400 U/g) were assessed to produce antioxidant bovine lung hydrolysates. The highest E/S ratio accelerated both hydrolysis and increases in antioxidant activities; however, it did not result in bioactivities higher than hydrolysates obtained with the intermediate E/S ratio. Optimal antioxidant activities could be reached after 6 h of hydrolysis using 860 U/g. Animal by-products are interesting sources of bioactive protein hydrolysates, which could be produced with a non-commercial bacterial protease. This might represent a promising strategy for the valorization of animal by-products generated in large amounts by the agri-food sector.

Biocomposites of Cellulose Isolated from Coffee Processing By-Products and Incorporation in Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) Matrix: An Overview.

With its extensive production and consumption, the coffee industry generates significant amounts of lignocellulosic waste. This waste, primarily comprising coffee biomasses, is a potential source of cellulose. This cellulose can be extracted and utilized as a reinforcing agent in various biocomposites with polymer matrices, thereby creating high-value products. One such biodegradable polymer, Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), is notable for its properties that are comparable with low-density polyethylene, making it an excellent candidate for packaging applications. However, the wider adoption of PBAT is hindered by its relatively high cost and lower thermomechanical properties compared with conventional, non-biodegradable polymers. By reinforcing PBAT-based biocomposites with cellulose, it is possible to enhance their thermomechanical strength, as well as improve their water vapor and oxygen barrier capabilities, surpassing those of pure PBAT. Consequently, this study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest processing techniques for deriving cellulose from the coffee industry's lignocellulosic by-products and other coffee-related agro-industrial wastes. It also focuses on the preparation and characterization of cellulose-reinforced PBAT biocomposites.

Sunflower cake associated with crude glycerin in white laying hens diets: Performance and quality, antioxidant activity and lipid oxidation of eggs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sunflower cake inclusion and its association with crude glycerin in the diet of laying hens. A total of 320 laying hens with 39 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 4 × 2 factorial scheme with 5 replications of 8 birds. The studied factors were 4 inclusion levels of sunflower cake and 2 levels of crude glycerin. The inclusion of 210 g/kg of sunflower cake reduced egg mass and worsened feed conversion, and after the level 70 g/kg there was reduction in yolk coloration and specific density of eggs with or without the addition of glycerin in the diet. The addition of 70 g/kg of crude glycerin reduced the specific density of eggs in all levels of sunflower cake. There was increase in phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and antioxidant activity in eggs and reduction in lipid oxidation of yolks from fresh and stored eggs, with the inclusion of sunflower cake. The addition of crude glycerin increased the lipid oxidation of egg yolks. Therefore, it is possible to include up to 140 g/kg sunflower cake in the diet of laying hens, with or without crude glycerin, without impairing performance and egg quality, obtaining higher antioxidant capacity of eggs and lower lipid oxidation in yolks from fresh and stored eggs. The inclusion of 70 g/kg crude glycerin does not affect laying hens performance, however, it worsens shell quality and increases lipid oxidation in the liver and egg yolks.

The Potential of Xylooligosaccharides as Prebiotics and Their Sustainable Production from Agro-Industrial by-Products.

In recent years, concerns about a good-quality diet have increased. Food supplements such as prebiotics have great nutritional and health benefits. Within the diverse range of prebiotics, xylooligosaccharides (XOs) show high potential, presenting exceptional properties for the prevention of systemic disorders. XOs can be found in different natural sources; however, their production is limited. Lignocellulosic biomasses present a high potential as a source of raw material for the production of XOs, making the agro-industrial by-products the perfect candidates for production on an industrial scale. However, these biomasses require the application of physicochemical pretreatments to obtain XOs. Different pretreatment methodologies are discussed in terms of increasing the production of XOs and limiting the coproduction of toxic compounds. The advance in new technologies for XOs production could decrease their real cost (USD 25-50/kg) on an industrial scale and would increase the volume of market transactions in the prebiotic sector (USD 4.5 billion). In this sense, new patents and innovations are being strategically developed to expand the use of XOs as daily prebiotics.

A Feasible Approach to Developing Fiber-Enriched Bread Using Pomegranate Peel Powder: Assessing Its Nutritional Composition and Glycemic Index.

The consumption of dietary fiber (DF) has been associated with a reduced incidence of non-communicable diseases. Despite various strategies implemented worldwide to increase DF intake, it remains low. Therefore, the development of new fiber-rich food products that are widely consumed could be a strategy to improve DF intake. In this study, an agro-industrial by-product, pomegranate peel powder (PPP), was used as an innovative source of DF and antioxidant. The objective was to develop a bread enriched with DF, antioxidants, and sensory characteristics by partially replacing wheat flour (WF) with PPP at levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. Bread with 2.5% and 5% PPP was chosen for a clinical trial to evaluate glycemic response (GR) in healthy subjects and determine the bread's glycemic index (GI). As the percentage of PPP increased, both the DF and total polyphenol content increased significantly. The highest overall acceptability was achieved with bread containing up to 5% PPP. Consumption of bread with 2.5% and 5.0% PPP significantly reduced the GI compared to the control bread, while the decrease in GR was not significant. PPP could be a potential food and low-cost ingredient to improve the bread's nutritional quality through its contribution to DF and antioxidants.

Biochemical energy and hematological profile of sheep supplemented with soy molasses / Perfil bioquímico energético e hematológico de ovinos suplementados com melaço de soja

Soy molasses is a by-product of the soy industry, with low commercial cost and rich in carbohydrates and proteins. Despite the great variety of by-products and being potentially beneÞ cial, it is not fully understood how the interaction between the nutrients in this product and the physiological changes in sheep occurs. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effects of supplementation levels with soy molasses on the energy metabolites and hematological parameters of sheep. The treatments consisted of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12% of inclusion of soy molasses in dry matter basis for a basal diet of corn silage, which met the nutritional needs of the sheep in maintenance, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The energy metabolites evaluated were: cholesterol, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and fructosamine. The hematological parameters were: red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrits, and platelets, in addition to leukocytes, rods, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Supplementation with soy molasses did not signiÞ cantly alter (P> 0.05) the serum concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and fructosamine. There was no signiÞ cant difference in the blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet concentrations in sheep receiving soy molasses supplementation (P> 0.05), which may indicate that the level of inclusion was sufÞ cient to meet the nutritional needs of the animals, without damage. Leukocyte, rod, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte concentrations did not change (P> 0.05) with the inclusion of soy molasses in the sheep's diet, indicating the absence of intoxication, diseases, and infections. It can be concluded that supplementation with soy molasses does not alter the energy metabolites and hematological parameters of sheep in maintenance.(AU)

O melaço de soja é um subproduto da indústria da soja, com baixo custo comercial e rico em carboidratos e proteínas. Apesar da grande variedade de subprodutos e de serem potencialmente benéÞ cos, ainda não está totalmente elucidado como ocorre a interação entre os nutrientes deste produto e as mudanças Þ siológicas em ovinos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de níveis de suplementação com melaço de soja sob os metabólitos energéticos e parâmetros hematológicos de ovinos. Os tratamentos consistiram em 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% de inclusão de melaço de soja na base da matéria seca para uma dieta basal de silagem de milho, que atendia as necessidades nutricionais das ovelhas em mantença, distribuídas em delineamento em quadrado latino 5 × 5. Foram avaliados os metabolitos energéticos: colesterol, triglicérides, lipoproteínas de muito baixa densidade (VLDL) e frutosamina. Já os parâmetros hematológicos foram: hemácias, hemoglobinas, hematócritos e plaquetas, além de leucócitos, bastonetes, neutróÞ los, eosinóÞ los, monócitos e linfócitos. A suplementação com melaço de soja não alterou signiÞ cativamente (P>0,05) as concentrações séricas de colesterol, triglicérides, VLDL e frutosamina. Não houve diferença signiÞ cativa nas concentrações de hemácias, hemoglobinas, hematócritos e plaquetas das ovelhas com suplementação de melaço de soja (P>0,05), podendo ser indício que o nível de inclusão foi suÞ ciente para atender as necessidades nutricionais dos animais, sem causar balanço energético positivo. As concentrações de leucócitos, bastonetes, neutróÞ los, eosinóÞ los, monócitos e linfócitos não alteraram (P>0,05) com a inclusão de melaço de soja na dieta das ovelhas, não indicando a presença de intoxicação, doenças e infecções. Conclui-se que a suplementação com melaço de soja não altera os metabólitos energéticos e parâmetros hematológicos de ovinos em mantença.(AU)

Potencial efecto terapéutico de los polifenoles obtenidos de la cáscara de granada en la esteatosis hepática

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) tiene una elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial, y puede ir desde la esteatosis simple hasta hepatocarcinoma. Su origen es multifactorial, siendo la dieta poco saludable un factor clave en su patogenia y progresión. Los polifenoles son antioxidantes que han mostrado beneficios en el tratamiento de la EHGNA. Una fuente emergente de estos compuestos son los residuos agroindustriales, entre ellos, la cáscara de granada. La cáscara de granada tiene un alto contenido de polifenoles, específicamente de elagitaninos. Su extracto fenólico (extracto de cáscara de granada; ECG) ha mostrado efectos promisorios a nivel metabólico. Sin embargo, su uso presenta algunas limitantes que deben ser consideradas antes de recomendar su ingesta mediante alimentos funcionales o nutracéuticos para prevención o tratamiento de EHGNA. Objetivo: Discutir a partir de datos obtenidos en estudios in vitro y modelos animales, el potencial terapéutico de los polifenoles obtenidos de la cáscara de granada para prevención y tratamiento de la EHGNA. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science (2015 a la fecha) de estudios en modelos de esteatosis hepática in vitro y en animales, además de ensayos clínicos relacionados. Conclusión: Existen datos promisorios sobre el uso del ECG en alteraciones metabólicas propias de la EHGNA y esteatosis hepática, principalmente a nivel de perfil lipídico. Se deben discutir las dosis y formas de administración, con el fin de mejorar su estabilidad y biodisponibilidad. Se requieren ensayos clínicos controlados que confirmen los efectos en humanos.

ABSTRACT Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high prevalence worldwide and can range from simple steatosis to hepatocarcinoma. Its causes are multifactorial, with an unhealthy diet being a key factor in its pathogenesis and progression. Polyphenols are antioxidants that have shown benefits in treating NAFLD. An emerging source of these compounds is agro-industrial by-products, including pomegranate peels. Pomegranate peels are high in polyphenols, specifically ellagitannins. Its polyphenolic extract (PPE) has shown promising metabolic benefits. However, its use has some limitations that must be considered before recommending its intake through functional foods or nutraceuticals to prevent or treat NAFLD. Objective: This article aims to discuss, using results from in vitro studies and animal models, the therapeutic potential of polyphenols obtained from pomegranate peels to prevent and treat NAFLD. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed and Web of Science databases (2015 to date) of in vitro and animal model studies of hepatic steatosis, in addition to related clinical trials. Conclusion: There are promising data on the use of PPE in metabolic disorders typical of NAFLD and hepatic steatosis, mainly improving lipid profile. Doses and vehicles of administration should be discussed to improve stability and bioavailability. Controlled clinical trials are required to confirm the effects in humans.

Endo-xylanases from Cohnella sp. AR92 aimed at xylan and arabinoxylan conversion into value-added products.

The genus Cohnella belongs to a group of Gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria within the Paenibacillaceae family. Although most species were described as xylanolytic bacteria, the literature still lacks some key information regarding their repertoire of xylan-degrading enzymes. The whole genome sequence of an isolated xylan-degrading bacterium Cohnella sp. strain AR92 was found to contain five genes encoding putative endo-1,4-ß-xylanases, of which four were cloned, expressed, and characterized to better understand the contribution of the individual endo-xylanases to the overall xylanolytic properties of strain AR92. Three of the enzymes, CoXyn10A, CoXyn10C, and CoXyn11A, were shown to be effective at hydrolyzing xylans-derived from agro-industrial, producing oligosaccharides with substrate conversion values of 32.5%, 24.7%, and 10.6%, respectively, using sugarcane bagasse glucuronoarabinoxylan and of 29.9%, 19.1%, and 8.0%, respectively, using wheat bran-derived arabinoxylan. The main reaction products from GH10 enzymes were xylobiose and xylotriose, whereas CoXyn11A produced mostly xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with 2 to 5 units of xylose, often substituted, resulting in potentially prebiotic arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS). The endo-xylanases assay displayed operational features (temperature optima from 49.9 to 50.4 °C and pH optima from 6.01 to 6.31) fitting simultaneous xylan utilization. Homology modeling confirmed the typical folds of the GH10 and GH11 enzymes, substrate docking studies allowed the prediction of subsites (- 2 to + 1 in GH10 and - 3 to + 1 in GH11) and identification of residues involved in ligand interactions, supporting the experimental data. Overall, the Cohnella sp. AR92 endo-xylanases presented significant potential for enzymatic conversion of agro-industrial by-products into high-value products.Key points• Cohnella sp. AR92 genome encoded five potential endo-xylanases.• Cohnella sp. AR92 enzymes produced xylooligosaccharides from xylan, with high yields.• GH10 enzymes from Cohnella sp. AR92 are responsible for the production of X2 and X3 oligosaccharides.• GH11 from Cohnella sp. AR92 contributes to the overall xylan degradation by producing substituted oligosaccharides.

Effects of additives in wet brewery residue silage on lamb carcass traits and meat quality.

The objective was to evaluate the use of wet brewery residue (WBR) silage additives on carcass characteristics and sheep meat quality. Thirty-two Santa Inês male sheep uncastrated with initial body weight of 22.61 ± 7.2 kg were allocated to a completely randomized design with four treatments: (1) WBR silage without additive (WBRS), (2) WBR silage with milled corn (WBRS + MC), (3) WBR silage with wheat bran (WBRS + WB), and (4) WBR silage with cassava flour (WBRS + CF) and eight replicates. WBRS + WB resulted in lower cold carcass weight than WBRS + CF; however, this reduction was not sufficient to alter the carcass commercial yield or loin-eye area. The leg cut of animals fed WBRS + WB showed less value than those animals fed with WBRS + CS. The meat lightness of WBRS was higher that of WBRS + MC, WBRS + WB, and WBRS + CF. The cooking loss for WBRS + WB was less than those animals fed with WBRS + CS. However, meat protein, meat cholesterol, and shear force were similar among treatments (17.69%, 42.46 mg/100 g of meat, and 2.48 kgf/cm2, respectively). The use of additives in wet brewery residue silage does not improve carcass characteristics or the quality of sheep meat, and it is therefore recommended to use WBR silage without additives.

Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from Mexican "Ataulfo" mango peels: Antioxidant potential and identification by HPLC/ESI/MS.

INTRODUCTION: Mango is used in traditional medicine in many countries. However, the processing by-products are not currently used and generate large pollution problems and high handling costs. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different parameters in the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from mango peels using modern and ecological ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction technology. METHODOLOGY: Various parameters of these processes were studied: the extract was recovered by liquid chromatography using Ambetlite XAD-16. The total polyphenol content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu's and HCl-butanol methods. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS+), 1,10-diphenyl-2-20-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and lipid oxidation inhibition methods. The recovered compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS: The best extraction conditions were solid/liquid ratio of 1/5 g/mL, ethanol percentage of 50%, and an extraction time of 10 min. Under these conditions, the total polyphenol content was 54.15 mg/g, and the antioxidant activities were greater than 90% inhibition in the three assays evaluated. According to the high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MS) analysis, nine polyphenolic compounds were identified; most of them were gallotannins, such as pentagalloyl glucose. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction was shown to be effective and allowed the recovery of antioxidant polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated that mango peel extracts can be used as natural antioxidant components in the pharmaceutical and functional food industries.

Strawberry agro-industrial by-products as a source of bioactive compounds: effect of cultivar on the phenolic profile and the antioxidant capacity.

The post-harvest processing of strawberries generates considerable amounts of by-products that consist of the inedible parts of the fruit (sepal, calyx, stem, and non-marketable portion of the fruit), which is an environmental problem for local producers and industries. This study aimed to revalue these kinds of tissues through identifying and quantifying the genotype influence on the total phenolic content, phenolic profile, and the antioxidant activity of the by-products from three strawberry cultivars: 'Festival' (FE), 'San Andreas ' (SA), and 'Camino Real' (CR). The total phenolic content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, in-vitro antioxidant activity by the DPPH* radical scavenging method and the phenolic profile by PAD-HPLC. The different genotypes showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in total phenolic content (TPC), FE being the one with the highest TPC (14.97 g of gallic acid equivalents < GAE > /Kg of by-product < R >), followed by SA and CR cultivars. The antioxidant capacity of the SA and FE tissues were similar (p > 0.05) and higher (15.1-16.3 mmol Trolox equivalents < TE > /Kg R) than CR. Eight main phenolic compounds were identified and quantified on the three cultivars. Agrimoniin was the principal polyphenol (0.38-1.56 g/Kg R), and the cultivar FE had the highest concentration. This compound showed the highest correlation coefficient with the antioxidant capacity (R2 0.87; p < 0.001). This study highlighted the impact of the multi-cultivar systems in strawberry production on the bioactive potential and the diversity of secondary metabolites obtained from strawberry agro-industrial by-products at a low cost.

Multivariate optimization of Staphylococcus xylosus AD1biomass production using sugarcane molasses plus yeast extract and soybean meal

Staphylococcus xylosusis a microorganism that has important physiological and technological characteristics that make it suitable for use as a starter culture in fermented meat products. For the development of these products in the food industry, it is necessary to produce biomass by the multiplication of starter cultures using low-cost media. This study developed a culture medium based on sugarcane molasses (SCM) supplemented with yeast extract (YE) and soybean meal (SM) to produce S. xylosusAD1 biomass employing a Box Behnken multivariateoptimization design,usingthe best concentrations of the constituents of the culture medium for S. xylosusAD1 growth. By combining the mathematical models by the desirability function, it was possible to establish the optimal condition for the maximum production of viable cells and biomass. The optimal experimental condition was found when the fermentative process medium was composed of 10% SCM, 2% YE and 4% SM. In addition, the results of all experiments, except for the medium formulated with only SCM,presented a better performance than the commercial medium Brain Heart Infusion for the growth of S. xylosusAD1. The culture medium with agro-industrial byproduct (SCM) supplemented with YE and SM is an excellent alternative for producing S. xylosusAD1 biomass.

New cost-effective bioconversion process of palm kernel cake into bioinsecticides based on Beauveria bassiana and Isaria javanica.

The present study aimed to add value to palm oil by-products as substrates to efficiently produce conidia of Beauveria bassiana and Isaria javanica (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) for biological control of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), through a solid-state fermentation process using palm kernel cake and palm fiber as nutrient source and solid matrix, respectively. The optimum culture conditions yielded high concentrations of viable conidia after air-drying, when the fungi were grown on palm kernel cake (B. bassiana 7.65 × 109 and I. javanica 2.91 × 109 conidia g-1 dry substrate) after 6 days under optimal growth conditions set to 60% substrate moisture and 32 °C. Both fungal strains exhibited high efficacy against third-instar whitefly nymphs, inducing mortality up to 62.9 and 56.6% by B. bassiana and I. javanica, respectively, assessed after 9 days post-application in a screenhouse. Furthermore, we noted that insect mortality was strongly correlated with high atmospheric moisture, while B. bassiana appeared to require shorter accumulative hours under high moisture to kill whitefly nymphs compared to I. javanica. Our results underpin a feasible and cost-effective mass production method for aerial conidia, using palm kernel as the main substrate in order to produce efficacious fungal bioinsecticides against an invasive whitefly species in Brazil. Finally, our fermentation process may offer a sustainable and cost-effective means to produce eco-friendly mycoinsecticides, using an abundant agro-industrial by-product from Brazil that will ultimately assist in the integrated management of agricultural insect pests.

Desempenho de frangos de pescoço pelado alimentados com farelo de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) / Performance of broiler chicken naked necks fed with crambe meal (Crambe abyssinica Hochst)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed with different levels of crambe meal in replacement of soybean meal. 240 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were the four levels of crambe meal: 0; 4.37; 8.75 and 17.50%. Chickens fed rations containing the test feed consumed larger amounts of feed and had the lowest weight gains, resulting in the worst feed conversion. The diets free from crambe meal resulted in the highest carcass weights. The inclusion of crambe meal in the chick diet, regardless of the amount tested, affected the amount of fat in the carcass, but did not affect the rest of its chemical composition. The use of crambe meal in natura as a substitute for soybean meal in broiler naked neck diets is not feasible at the dosages used, since it affects the availability of nutrients present in the diet, increasing feed intake, impairing feed conversion and result in lighter carcasses.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte da linhagem de pescoço pelado alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de crambe em substituição ao farelo de soja. Foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado 240 pintainhos em quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram os quatro níveis de farelo de crambe: 0; 4,37; 8,75 e 17,50 %. Os frangos alimentados com rações contendo o farelo de crambe consumiram maiores quantidades de ração e apresentaram os menores ganhos de peso, resultando nas piores conversões alimentares. A dieta isenta de farelo de crambe resultou no maior peso de carcaça. A inclusão de farelo de crambe na dieta dos frangos, independente da quantidade testada, afetou a quantidade de gordura da carcaça, porém não afetou o restante de sua composição química. A utilização do farelo de crambe in natura em substituição ao farelo de soja em dietas de frangos de corte de pescoço pelado é inviável nas dosagens utilizadas, por afetar a disponibilidade dos nutrientes presentes na dieta, aumentando o consumo de ração, prejudicando a conversão alimentar e por resultar em carcaças mais leves.

Desempenho de frangos de pescoço pelado alimentados com farelo de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) / Performance of broiler chicken naked necks fed with crambe meal (Crambe abyssinica Hochst)

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed with different levels of crambe meal in replacement of soybean meal. 240 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design in four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were the four levels of crambe meal: 0; 4.37; 8.75 and 17.50%. Chickens fed rations containing the test feed consumed larger amounts of feed and had the lowest weight gains, resulting in the worst feed conversion. The diets free from crambe meal resulted in the highest carcass weights. The inclusion of crambe meal in the chick diet, regardless of the amount tested, affected the amount of fat in the carcass, but did not affect the rest of its chemical composition. The use of crambe meal in natura as a substitute for soybean meal in broiler naked neck diets is not feasible at the dosages used, since it affects the availability of nutrients present in the diet, increasing feed intake, impairing feed conversion and result in lighter carcasses.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte da linhagem de pescoço pelado alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de crambe em substituição ao farelo de soja. Foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado 240 pintainhos em quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram os quatro níveis de farelo de crambe: 0; 4,37; 8,75 e 17,50 %. Os frangos alimentados com rações contendo o farelo de crambe consumiram maiores quantidades de ração e apresentaram os menores ganhos de peso, resultando nas piores conversões alimentares. A dieta isenta de farelo de crambe resultou no maior peso de carcaça. A inclusão de farelo de crambe na dieta dos frangos, independente da quantidade testada, afetou a quantidade de gordura da carcaça, porém não afetou o restante de sua composição química. A utilização do farelo de crambe in natura em substituição ao farelo de soja em dietas de frangos de corte de pescoço pelado é inviável nas dosagens utilizadas, por afetar a disponibilidade dos nutrientes presentes na dieta, aumentando o consumo de ração, prejudicando a conversão alimentar e por resultar em carcaças mais leves.(AU)

Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition in dairy cows fed silage of wet brewers grain / Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com silagens do resíduo úmido de cervejaria

The aim of this study was to evaluate the supply of wet brewers grain silage with and without nutrient additives in ensiling (wheat bran, soybeans hulls and ground corn), and the effect of additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients as well as the efficiency, production and milk composition of Holstein cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows were used, with an average milk production of 25 liters per day. The cows were randomly assigned, via the Latin Square design (4x4), to one of four experimental diets. The experimental period was 21 days. The results obtained in the experiment were evaluated by analysis of variance, Fishers F test and Tukeys test at 5 % probability. The experimental diets consisted of wet brewers grain silage alone, and this silage with the addition of wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn. The diets did not affect the initial body weight of the animals. Diets containing wheat bran and ground corn provided a higher intake of dry matter (21.78 and 21.50 kg day-1) and organic matter (20.42 and 20.22 kg day-1) compared to the wet brewers grain silage alone and the diet containing soybean hulls. The results observed for dry matter (636.96 and 632.96 g kg-1), organic matter (659.16 and 654.35 g kg-1 DM), crude protein (712.84 and 717.79 g kg-1 DM) and neutral detergent fiber (598.99 and 538.90 g kg-1 DM) when cows were fed diets containing soybean hulls and ground corn, respectively, were higher than other diets. The different diets did not change daily milk production, milk production corrected for 3.5 % fat or milk composition. The milk urea nitrogen from cows fed ground corn diets was a lower concentration (17.67 mg dL-1), however, it was still above the suitable range (10 to 14 mg dL-1). Providing wet brewers grain silage with soybeans hulls or ground corn to Holstein cows increased the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients.[...](AU)

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do farelo de trigo (FT), casca do grão de soja (CGS) ou milho moído (MM) na ensilagem do resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), e seus efeitos sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, bem como, sobre a eficiência, produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandês. Foram utilizadas quatro vacas da raça Holandês, multíparas, com produção média de 28 litros/dia, distribuídas no delineamento em quadrado latino (4x4), com quatro períodos experimentais de 21 dias e quatro silagens. As vacas foram alimentadas com dietas compostas por feno de Tifton 85, silagens do RUC e ração concentrada. Os tratamentos consistiram de silagem do RUC (SRUC), silagem do RUC com FT (SRFT), CGS (SRCGS) ou MM (SRMM). As dietas não interferiram no peso corporal dos animais. As inclusões do FT ou MM, na ensilagem do RUC, proporcionaram maiores consumos de matéria seca e matéria orgânica das dietas SRFT e SRMM. As maiores digestibilidades da matéria seca, orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta foram observadas nas dietas SRCGS e SRMM. A produção diária, a produção corrigida para 3,5 % de gordura e a composição do leite não foram alteradas pelas dietas. Para o nitrogênio ureico no leite a dieta SRMM apresentou menor concentração, acima da variação considerada adequada. A inclusão da CGS ou MM, na ensilagem do RUC, aumenta a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, no entanto, o uso de aditivos nutrientes com alto teor de matéria seca não altera a produção, a eficiência ou a composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandês.(AU)

Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition in dairy cows fed silage of wet brewers grain / Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produção e composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com silagens do resíduo úmido de cervejaria

The aim of this study was to evaluate the supply of wet brewers grain silage with and without nutrient additives in ensiling (wheat bran, soybeans hulls and ground corn), and the effect of additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients as well as the efficiency, production and milk composition of Holstein cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows were used, with an average milk production of 25 liters per day. The cows were randomly assigned, via the Latin Square design (4x4), to one of four experimental diets. The experimental period was 21 days. The results obtained in the experiment were evaluated by analysis of variance, Fisher’s F test and Tukey’s test at 5 % probability. The experimental diets consisted of wet brewers grain silage alone, and this silage with the addition of wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn. The diets did not affect the initial body weight of the animals. Diets containing wheat bran and ground corn provided a higher intake of dry matter (21.78 and 21.50 kg day-1) and organic matter (20.42 and 20.22 kg day-1) compared to the wet brewers grain silage alone and the diet containing soybean hulls. The results observed for dry matter (636.96 and 632.96 g kg-1), organic matter (659.16 and 654.35 g kg-1 DM), crude protein (712.84 and 717.79 g kg-1 DM) and neutral detergent fiber (598.99 and 538.90 g kg-1 DM) when cows were fed diets containing soybean hulls and ground corn, respectively, were higher than other diets. The different diets did not change daily milk production, milk production corrected for 3.5 % fat or milk composition. The milk urea nitrogen from cows fed ground corn diets was a lower concentration (17.67 mg dL-1), however, it was still above the suitable range (10 to 14 mg dL-1). Providing wet brewers grain silage with soybeans hulls or ground corn to Holstein cows increased the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients.[...]

Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do farelo de trigo (FT), casca do grão de soja (CGS) ou milho moído (MM) na ensilagem do resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC), e seus efeitos sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, bem como, sobre a eficiência, produção e composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandês. Foram utilizadas quatro vacas da raça Holandês, multíparas, com produção média de 28 litros/dia, distribuídas no delineamento em quadrado latino (4x4), com quatro períodos experimentais de 21 dias e quatro silagens. As vacas foram alimentadas com dietas compostas por feno de Tifton 85, silagens do RUC e ração concentrada. Os tratamentos consistiram de silagem do RUC (SRUC), silagem do RUC com FT (SRFT), CGS (SRCGS) ou MM (SRMM). As dietas não interferiram no peso corporal dos animais. As inclusões do FT ou MM, na ensilagem do RUC, proporcionaram maiores consumos de matéria seca e matéria orgânica das dietas SRFT e SRMM. As maiores digestibilidades da matéria seca, orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e proteína bruta foram observadas nas dietas SRCGS e SRMM. A produção diária, a produção corrigida para 3,5 % de gordura e a composição do leite não foram alteradas pelas dietas. Para o nitrogênio ureico no leite a dieta SRMM apresentou menor concentração, acima da variação considerada adequada. A inclusão da CGS ou MM, na ensilagem do RUC, aumenta a digestibilidade da matéria seca e dos nutrientes, no entanto, o uso de aditivos nutrientes com alto teor de matéria seca não altera a produção, a eficiência ou a composição do leite de vacas da raça Holandês.

Desempenho de frangos caipiras Label Rouge alimentados com farelo de amendoim em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja / Performance of free range Label Rouge broilers fed peanut meal in partialsubstitution of soybean meal

Avaliou-se o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte caipiras, da linhagem Label Rouge pescoço pelado alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja. Um total de 128 frangos foram distribuídos entre 16 boxes, sendo alojados 8 frangos por boxe, cada boxe foi considerado como uma parcela experimental, e quatro níveis de substituição de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim foram testados: 0; 12,5; 25 e 50 %. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 8 repetições. Os frangos alimentados com farelo de amendoim apresentaram ganho de peso mais elevado e melhor conversão alimentar em todos os níveis de substituição analisados. A substituição de 50% de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim apresentou o maior consumo de ração. Nas três fases de criação analisadas a variável ganho de peso foi mais elevada nas dietas 25 e 50 % de substituição de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim. Os frangos alimentados com a ração sem inclusão de farelo de amendoim apresentaram os maiores pesos e rendimento de carcaça.(AU)

The present study evaluated the performance and carcass yield of naked neck Label Rouge free range broilers fed different levelsof peanut meal in substitution with soybean meal. A total of 128 chickens were distributed among 16 boxes (8 animals/box). Eachbox was considered an experimental parcel and four levels of soybean meal replacement by peanut bran were tested: 0; 12.5;25 and 50%. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 treatments and 8 replicates. Chickens fed peanut mealpresented higher weight gain and better feed conversion in all replacement levels analyzed. Replacing 50% of soybean mealby peanut meal presented the highest feed intake. In all three rearing phases analyzed, weight gain was higher in 25 and 50%soybean meal replacement by peanut meal diets. Chickens fed ration without inclusion of peanut meal presented the greatest weight and carcass yield.(AU)

Desempenho de frangos caipiras Label Rouge alimentados com farelo de amendoim em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja / Performance of free range Label Rouge broilers fed peanut meal in partialsubstitution of soybean meal

Avaliou-se o desempenho e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte caipiras, da linhagem Label Rouge pescoço pelado alimentados com diferentes níveis de farelo de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja. Um total de 128 frangos foram distribuídos entre 16 boxes, sendo alojados 8 frangos por boxe, cada boxe foi considerado como uma parcela experimental, e quatro níveis de substituição de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim foram testados: 0; 12,5; 25 e 50 %. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos e 8 repetições. Os frangos alimentados com farelo de amendoim apresentaram ganho de peso mais elevado e melhor conversão alimentar em todos os níveis de substituição analisados. A substituição de 50% de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim apresentou o maior consumo de ração. Nas três fases de criação analisadas a variável ganho de peso foi mais elevada nas dietas 25 e 50 % de substituição de farelo de soja por farelo de amendoim. Os frangos alimentados com a ração sem inclusão de farelo de amendoim apresentaram os maiores pesos e rendimento de carcaça.

The present study evaluated the performance and carcass yield of naked neck Label Rouge free range broilers fed different levelsof peanut meal in substitution with soybean meal. A total of 128 chickens were distributed among 16 boxes (8 animals/box). Eachbox was considered an experimental parcel and four levels of soybean meal replacement by peanut bran were tested: 0; 12.5;25 and 50%. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 4 treatments and 8 replicates. Chickens fed peanut mealpresented higher weight gain and better feed conversion in all replacement levels analyzed. Replacing 50% of soybean mealby peanut meal presented the highest feed intake. In all three rearing phases analyzed, weight gain was higher in 25 and 50%soybean meal replacement by peanut meal diets. Chickens fed ration without inclusion of peanut meal presented the greatest weight and carcass yield.