Literacia em saúde da pessoa internada em serviço de cirurgia oncológica / Health literacy of patients admitted to a surgical oncology unit / Alfabetización en salud de las personas ingresadas en un servicio de cirugía oncológica

Resumo Enquadramento: A literacia em saúde (LS) é a capacidade da pessoa obter e traduzir informações a fim de manter e melhorar a saúde. Objetivo: Caracterizar o nível de LS da pessoa internada num hospital oncológico; avaliar a fiabilidade do instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodologia: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e metodológico. Amostra de 188 pessoas internados num serviço de cirurgia oncológica entre maio e setembro de 2020, os dados foram colhidos através de formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica, de saúde e instrumento de avaliação da LS. Resultados: O HLS-EU-PT apresentou elevado nível de consistência interna. Todos os domínios e níveis de processamento do instrumento se correlacionam positivamente entre si. Os participantes apresentam em média um nível problemático de LS. Conclusão: Os resultados indiciam a necessidade de um maior investimento na capacitação da LS. São necessários mais estudos nesta e noutras populações e contextos de prestação de cuidados de saúde, de forma a direcionar a prática de cuidados na resposta eficaz aos problemas de saúde.

Abstract Background: Health literacy (HL) is the ability of an individual to obtain and translate information in order to maintain and improve their health. Objective: To characterize the level of HL of patients admitted to an oncology hospital and assess the reliability of the Portuguese version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-PT). Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive, and methodological study. Sample of 188 patients admitted to a surgical oncology unit between May and September 2020. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and health characterization form and a HL assessment tool. Results: The HLS-EU-PT had a high level of internal consistency. All domains and information-processing levels correlated positively with each other. Participants had on average a problematic level of HL. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for greater investment in HL training. Further studies are needed in this population and in other populations and healthcare settings to provide an effective response to health problems.

Resumen Marco contextual: La alfabetización en salud (AS) es la capacidad de una persona para obtener y traducir información con el fin de mantener y mejorar su salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar el nivel de AS de las personas ingresadas en un hospital oncológico; evaluar la fiabilidad del instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodología: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo y metodológico. Muestra de 188 personas ingresadas en un servicio de cirugía oncológica entre mayo y septiembre de 2020, se recogieron datos mediante un formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de salud, y una herramienta de evaluación de AS. Resultados: El HLS-EU-PT mostró un alto nivel de consistencia interna. Todos los dominios y niveles de procesamiento del instrumento correlacionaron positivamente entre sí. Por término medio, los participantes tienen un nivel problemático de AS. Conclusión: Los resultados indican la necesidad de una mayor inversión en formación en AS. Son necesarios más estudios en esta y otras poblaciones, y en entornos sanitarios para orientar la práctica asistencial hacia una respuesta eficaz a los problemas de salud.

Actitudes ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería latinoamericanos: una revisión integrativa

Introducción: La muerte es parte de los tabúes sociales existentes y puede fomentar actitudes que distan de su abordaje explícito en relación con los cuidados. Objetivo: Analizar las actitudes ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería de acuerdo con las publicaciones científicas en el contexto latinoamericano en el período 2018 a 2022. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura integrativa de las publicaciones científicas latinoamericanas respecto de las actitudes ante la muerte en el contexto de la enfermería, empleando los siguientes términos estandarizados: actitud, muerte, enfermería y cuidados de enfermería. Se incluyeron 8 artículos publicados en el período definido, en idioma español y portugués, en los que se abordó explícitamente la temática de la revisión. La información de los artículos fue analizada tomando como referencia los conceptos de la teoría de las transiciones. Resultados: Se encontraron diseños tanto cuantitativos (50 %) como cualitativos (50 %), elaborados en su totalidad en el ámbito hospitalario. Los principales resultados dan cuenta del predominio de la indiferencia ante la muerte en el contexto de los cuidados. En relación con la teoría de las transiciones, la mayoría de los artículos abordan las condiciones en que estas se dan, además de los conceptos de terapéutica de enfermería y patrones de respuesta. Conclusiones: La producción de investigaciones sobre la actitud ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería es escasa en Latinoamérica. Las experiencias de pérdidas cercanas, la capacitación y el soporte institucional son la base para contribuir a una mejor actitud hacia la muerte

Introdução: A morte faz parte dos tabus sociais existentes e pode fomentar atitudes que se distanciam de sua abordagem explícita em relação aos cuidados. Objetivo: analisar as atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem de acordo com as publicações científicas no contexto latino-americano no período de 2018 a 2022. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa de publicações científicas latino-americanas sobre atitudes diante da morte no contexto da enfermagem, utilizando os seguintes termos padronizados: atitude, morte, enfermagem e cuidados de enfermagem. Foram incluídos 8 artigos publicados no período definido, em espanhol e português, nos quais o tema da revisão foi abordado explicitamente. As informações dos artigos foram analisadas tendo como referência os conceitos da teoria das transições. Resultados: Foram identificados desenhos quantitativos (50 %) e qualitativos (50 %), elaborados totalmente no âmbito hospitalar. Os principais resultados mostram a predominância da indiferença diante da morte no contexto do cuidado. Em relação à teoria das transições, a maioria dos artigos aborda as condições em que as transições ocorrem, além dos conceitos de terapêutica de enfermagem e padrões de resposta. Conclusões: A produção de pesquisas sobre atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem é escassa na América Latina. As experiências de perdas próximas, a capacitação e o apoio institucional são a base para contribuir para uma melhor atitude em relação à morte

Introduction: Death is part of the existing social taboos and can foster attitudes that are far from its explicit approach in relation to care. Objective: To analyze attitudes towards death in nursing professionals according to scientific publications in the Latin American context in the period 2018 to 2022. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted of Latin American scientific publications regarding attitudes towards death in the context of Nursing, using the following standardized terms: attitude, death, nursing and nursing care. Eight articles published in the defined period were included, in Spanish and Portuguese, in which the subject of the review was explicitly addressed. The information in the articles was analyzed using the concepts of the theory of transitions as a reference. Results: Both quantitative (50 %) and qualitative (50 %) designs were found, all of them elaborated in the hospital setting. The main results show the predominance of indifference to death in the context of care. In relation to the theory of transitions, most of the articles address the conditions under which these occur, in addition to the concepts of nursing therapeutics and response patterns. Conclusions: The production of research on the attitude towards death in nursing professionals is scarce in Latin America. Experiences of close losses, training and institutional support are the basis for contributing to a better attitude towards death

Healthcare providers' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards cervical cancer screening in Sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a prevalent cancer among women in low and middle-income countries, but it can be largely prevented through screening programs and HPV vaccination. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer screening among healthcare providers in Sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Relevant databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, AJOL, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases were used to retrieve and search articles. The study included published and unpublished research written in English between January 2013 and May 16, 2024 for studies reporting knowledge, attitude, and practice towards cervical cancer screening among healthcare providers in Sub-Saharan Africa. This review has been registered on PROSPERO. The heterogeneity of the data was evaluated using the I2 statistic. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17 software, with a 95% confidence interval. The researchers also conducted publication bias and sensitivity analysis. Results: The review included 30 studies involving 7542 healthcare providers. The pooled magnitude of good knowledge status towards cervical cancer was 67.93% (95% CI: 53.36-82.50) whereas the pooled magnitude of positive attitude towards cervical cancer was 55.26% (95% CI: 34.28- 76.23). The results also showed that about 49.68% (95% CI: 33.18-66.17) of healthcare providers had good knowledge status about cervical cancer screening, 66.63%(95% CI: 50.36- 82.89) had a positive attitude towards it, and only 17.23% (95% CI; 6.08-28.37) had ever screened for cervical cancer. Conclusion: The overall magnitude of knowledge and attitude of healthcare providers in Sub-Saharan Africa towards cervical cancer and its screening was suboptimal. Furthermore, a low percentage of female healthcare providers in the region had undergone screening for cervical cancer. As a result, policymakers and program administrators should focus on improving the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthcare providers to meet the global health goal of cervical cancer screening and effectively eliminating cervical cancer. Healthcare providers must serve as role models for other women who should also undergo screening. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023495241.

Development of a Scale to Assess Cancer Attitude in the Community.

AIM: The aim of this study was to develop the Cancer Attitude Scale (CAS) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. METHODS: The study was conducted in a mixed-methods study. The preliminary version of the CAS was created by developing an item pool, and qualitative interviews. The items' content validity ratio was calculated to assess content validity. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest methods were used to determine the reliability of the scale. The Cancer Information Burden Scale was used to evaluate the convergent validity of the scale. Three hundred twenty-five healthy individuals selected by convenience sampling method were included in this study. RESULTS: The CAS sub-dimensions were determined as cancer diagnosis, cancer prevention, stigmatization of individuals with cancer, and personal empowerment after cancer. The content validity of the 22-item scale was 0.94 and four factors explaining 56% of the variance. The model fit indices were χ2/df = 1.968, RMSEA = 0.055, SRMR = 0.085, and GFI = 0.904. . Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability coefficients of the total scale are 0.76 and 0.936, respectively. The CAS and Cancer Information Overload Scale showed acceptable convergent validity (r = 0.435, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The Cancer Attitude Scale is a valid and reliable tool that can be applied to assess the attitudes of individuals in the community toward cancer in a multidimensional way. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Nurses play crucial roles in society, including enhancing cancer awareness, delivering counseling services, and providing health education. Cancer nursing should plan cancer awareness training in line with individuals' attitudes toward cancer and encourage positive attitudes that increase participation in screening programs.

Physiotherapists' attitudes, practice and barriers to sexual issues among stroke survivors in South-East Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Sexual issues post-stroke are common and can include difficulties related to arousal, orgasm, and decreased sexual desire, and satisfaction. AIM: To determine the attitudes, practices, and barriers experienced by physiotherapists in addressing sexual issues among stroke survivors. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey involved 72 practicing physiotherapists purposively recruited from selected tertiary hospitals in southeast Nigeria. Modified Physiotherapists' Attitudes on sexual issues, Physiotherapists' Performance Questionnaire in dealing with sexual issues, and Barriers to Discussing Sexual Issues Questionnaires were used to collect data that were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). RESULTS: The results showed a significant association (p < 0.05) between the attitude and practice of physiotherapists in dealing with sexual issues of stroke survivors. Although most of the physiotherapists expressed confidence in their understanding of the need to address sexual issues of stroke survivors, only a quarter of them often or always assessed the patients' sexual function as well as included therapy for erectile dysfunction in their plan of care for stroke survivors. Patients' discomfort (88.9%) and insufficient knowledge and training (70.8%) were the most reported barriers. The majority (95.8%) indicated the need for a training program on the sexual issues, despite their area of specialization. CONCLUSION: Although the studied physiotherapists understand the need to address these issues, the practical application remains limited due to varying barriers. There is a need for structured training programs focused on sexual health to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, thereby enhancing the overall care and quality of life for stroke survivors.

Healthcare professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards polygenic risk testing for glaucoma.

BACKGROUND: Effective clinical implementation of polygenic risk testing for glaucoma relies on healthcare professionals' attitudes and knowledge of the test. Given the emerging applications of the test, it will likely impact a range of healthcare professionals and will require competency in polygenic risk scores concepts for all those involved in patient care. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess healthcare professionals' views towards polygenic testing for glaucoma. METHODS: An online cross-sectional questionnaire was distributed to healthcare professionals via relevant professional organisations in Australia. The questionnaire assessed experience and confidence with genetic testing, glaucoma and genetic knowledge, recommendations for the tests, and factors affecting the decision. RESULTS: A total of 94 participants completed the questionnaire. The sample was composed of ophthalmologists (36%), optometrists (21%), orthoptists (17%), general practitioners (16%) and clinical geneticists/genetic counsellors (10%). Although familiarity with polygenic risk scores for glaucoma was low overall (11%), the majority reported a positive attitude towards recommending testing based on known risk factors such as family history (91%) and older age (57%). Over 95% indicated that ophthalmologists would be the most appropriate group to order polygenic risk testing and communicate results. The majority felt they would benefit from more training on polygenic risk scores (93%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that multiple groups of healthcare professionals were neither familiar nor confident with the concept of glaucoma polygenic risk testing, and identified training and education needs to support the implementation of testing into clinical practice.

Giving a voice to "the silent killer": a knowledge, attitude and practice study of diabetes among French Guiana's Parikweneh people.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the French overseas department of French Guiana, South America, nearly doubles that in its European counterpart, Metropolitan France. This region is demographically diverse and includes several populations of Indigenous Peoples. Although such populations are at particular risk of developing T2D across the Americas, very little is known about their health status in French Guiana, and accurate numbers of diabetic patients do not exist. METHODS: In light of a potential public health crisis, an ethnomedicinal study of diabetes experienced by Indigenous Parikweneh was conducted to provide better insight into the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to this quickly emerging disease in French Guiana. Altogether, 75 interviews were conducted with community members and Elders, as well as healthcare professionals and administrators providing services to the Parikweneh population of Macouria and Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock. RESULTS: Interviews suggest a high incidence of T2D in this population, with cases that have risen quickly since the mid-twentieth century. Parikweneh participants linked the development of the illness to dietary changes, notably through the introduction of new and sweet foods. Recognizing the complexity of diabetes and its symptoms, diabetic patients highlighted the importance of biomedical treatments and follow-ups, though they frequently alternated or used them concomitantly with Parikweneh medicines. With the help of biomedical tools (i.e. glucometer), local medicinal practices mirrored biomedical approaches through dietary adaptation and the use of medicinal animals and plants for glycaemic control and the treatment of complications from the disease. CONCLUSION: Parikweneh are appropriating T2D into their knowledge system and adapting their health system in response to this relatively new health concern. A greater understanding of local practices and perceptions relating to T2D among medical staff may therefore be beneficial for meeting patients' needs, providing greater autonomy in their health path, and improving treatment outcomes.

Plastic pollution in Harari region, Ethiopia: practices and impacts on health and environment.

Plastic pollution poses a significant threat to the environment and human health on a global level. This study aimed to investigate plastic pollution in the Harari region of Ethiopia. The result indicated that 62% of respondents demonstrated good knowledge about plastic waste, and 59% of them perceived plastic waste as harmful. Polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polycarbonates were the types of plastic waste identified. Being female (AOR = 1.82), aged 15-45 (AOR = 1.82), married (AOR = 1.83), and having families >3 (AOR = 2.15) were significantly positively associated with good plastic waste management practice. Being illiterate (AOR = 0.52), and having poor knowledge about plastic waste (AOR = 0.54) were significantly negatively associated with poor management practice. The findings indicated that the Harari region is prone to adverse health and environmental effects from plastic pollution. Policies restricting plastic use, training municipal waste collectors and health extension workers, and improving public awareness are indispensable.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on Cervical Cancer Prevention among Female University Students in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Cervical Cancer (CC) is the fourth most frequent malignancy worldwide among females with significant death rates. It ranks as the 8th most frequent cancer in Saudi female. CC is preventable, with likelihood of full treatment by early detection, because of its long pre-invasive period. Lack of awareness and practice on CC prevention and screening increase the risk of disease. Objective: to examine knowledge, attitude, and practice on CC prevention among Saudi female university students. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study with a convenience sample included 594 female university students studying at health and non-health colleges of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj City, Saudi Arabia. All female students were asked to complete an online questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, and practice on CC prevention. Results: A total of 594 respondents to the questionnaire, 88.7% of them had unsatisfactory knowledge about CC. Out of a total of 27 points, students' knowledge mean score was 9.3 ± 6.4. Conversely the majority of students (94.4%) had positive attitude toward CC; the mean attitude score was 34.52 ± 5.04 out of 45. Regarding students practice, less than 7% of students were vaccinated against HPV and only 3.7% were screened for cancer cervix. Married females, health colleges students, and high attitude score were significant predictors for the students' knowledge about cancer cervix (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Majority of the respondents displayed lack of knowledge; however, they had a positive attitude toward CC. Very alarmingly, almost all of students had inadequate practice regarding CC prevention. So, the study recommends developing and implementing educational programs and strategies for female university students to improve their knowledge and practice related to cervix cancer. Results of this study provide evidence that can help in formulating effective awareness strategies and educational programs for women that would help in CC prevention.

Knowledge attitude and practice of antibiotic use among medical students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

Background and Aims: Antibiotic misuse represent a significant global health challenge, with medical students positioned as key figures in promoting responsible antibiotic usage. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use among medical students in Bangladesh, aiming to identify areas for targeted educational and policy interventions. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 501 medical students across various years of study in Bangladesh, collecting data over a 3-month period. The survey assessed antibiotic knowledge, usage practices, and attitudes towards misuse, employing descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses to explore associations between students' demographic characteristics and their KAP towards antibiotics. Significance was assigned at p-value < 0.05. Results: In our study involving 501 medical students from four medical colleges in Bangladesh, we achieved a 76% response rate. Among the participants, 78.24% correctly identified antibiotics' effectiveness against bacterial infections, but 45.71% were uncertain about their efficacy against viral infections. Notably, 21.20% reported self-prescribing antibiotics, predominantly sourced from physician prescriptions (54.89%). The most common reason for antibiotic use was fever (19.02%). Senior students were less likely to have good knowledge compared to junior students, and urban students demonstrated a higher likelihood of good knowledge and positive attitude towards antibiotic resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for educational reforms and antimicrobial stewardship among medical students in Bangladesh to combat antibiotic misuse and mitigate antimicrobial resistance.

A Cross-Sectional Observational Study Analyzing the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Young Female Nursing Officers and Female Doctors About the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine.

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer among Indian women and is caused by a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. To achieve its global commitment to the elimination of CC, India is planning to include the HPV vaccine in its national immunization program. The success of the prevention of CC mostly depends on the level of awareness and knowledge among healthcare providers about different aspects of the disease and the vaccine. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding CC, HPV, and the HPV vaccine in first-contact young female doctors and nursing officers. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalyani, between February and June 2024 among young female health workers aged between 20 and 35 years. To evaluate KAP we used a validated, self-administered questionnaire. Results There were a total of 204 participants, whose median age was 26 (interquartile range = 25 to 29) years; among them, 114 (55.9%) were nursing officers and 90 (44.1%) were junior doctors. Good knowledge was found among 85.5% of doctors and 70.2% of nursing officers (p < 0.01). A positive attitude was found in 81.1% of doctors and 67.5% of nursing officers (p < 0.01). The overall good practice score was low (31.3%). A higher level of education was associated with good knowledge (ß = -1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.76, -0.55, p < 0.01) and positive attitude (ß = -0.53, 95% CI = -0.9, 0.16, p = 0.005) toward HPV, CC, and the HPV vaccine. Conclusions Our cohort showed good knowledge and attitude toward CC, HPV, and the HPV vaccine, but poor HPV vaccine uptake and practice. Therefore, health education programs focused on increasing awareness and uplifting confidence are needed to accept and recommend the HPV vaccine in developing countries like India.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding medical waste management among operation room personnel in a tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Medical waste management (MWM) is of concern to the medical and surgical communities in the hospital. Adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the management of healthcare waste are important for the proper handling and disposal by physicians and healthcare workers. Objective: The aim of this study was an assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding medical waste management among operation room personnel in a tertiary hospital. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted at a single-center government Comprehensive Specialized Hospital operation room from 1-30 September 2022. All specialty operation room healthcare personnel consenting to cooperate and participate were included in the study. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. The results were presented in texts, tables and graphs. Results: From 130 operation room personnel, the results revealed that the majority of the total respondents were male (83.1%). Only 30 (23.1%) of the respondents were involved in training, whereas 100 (76.9%) of the study participants have not participated in training. It was found that 86 (66.2%) of the respondents had good knowledge, 113 (86.9%) of the respondents had a good attitude, and 27 (20.8%) of the respondents had good practice. Conclusion and recommendation: The authors' study reveals that the majority of study participants have a moderate level of knowledge, a good level of attitude, and poor levels of practice, according to Bloom's cut-off point. The institution should more fully implement the training for operation room personnel to improve their level of knowledge and practice of medical waste management.

The Effect of Educational Intervention on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Colorectal Cancer Screening Practices Among Nursing Students in Jordan.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study aimed to examine the impact of an educational intervention on nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding CRC screening in Jordan. METHODOLOGY: The study was an experimental design conducted before and after the educational intervention. Participants attended four 30-minute sessions held weekly over one month. A paired t-test was used to determine the mean difference in participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding CRC screening before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS: A total of 43 participants took part in the study, of whom 29 (67.4%) were female and 14 (32.6%) were male. The majority (30, 69.8%) were aged between 20 and 30 years. The results showed a significant mean increase in knowledge (mean difference [MD] = 3.09, P < 0.001), attitude (MD = 4.16, P < 0.001), and practice (MD = 2.67, P < 0.001) regarding CRC screening following the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of health education about CRC screening for the study participants was successful based on the results. This strategy could provide a solid basis for organizing, implementing, and supervising CRC screening initiatives.

Attitudes of Chinese public towards the autism community: Evidence from a decade of Weibo data.

Autism is a highly stigmatized developmental disorder in Chinese society, with the public harboring many prejudices and misunderstandings towards individuals with autism.Grounded in ABC attitude theory, explores the status, trends, and characteristics of Weibo users' attitudes towards the autism community. Utilizing natural language processing and machine learning techniques, the study analyzes 1,113,014 Weibo posts concerning autism, spanning from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2022. Findings indicate that Weibo users generally hold a positive and progressively improving attitude towards the autism community, particularly in affective and behavioral dimensions. However, the cognitive dimension of these attitudes remains relatively underdeveloped. Notable variations in attitudes and their components are evident across demographic variables such as gender, age, educational level, and verification status. These insights offer valuable guidance for policy-making by relevant authorities and contribute to enhancing public acceptance of individuals with autism.

Bridging The Gap: Essential Role of Parents and Caregivers In Their Child's Management in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

The importance of parental involvement in the care and management decisions made for children hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) is examined in this editorial. Initial days and weeks in a PICU can be challenging for the child and family due to the emotional intensity and medical complexity of the therapy a child receives. Regardless of the result, families may feel uncertain and anxious that their child may die or have a terrible outcome. The majority of pediatric patient deaths in hospitals happen in the PICU. Recognizing and supporting the crucial role of parents or caretakers in informed decision-making and management of their child's condition is essential for advancing prevention, detection, and treatment efforts.

Factors influencing safe use of drugs among community residents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Researchers have paid little attention to the safety of drug use among community residents (CRs). Irrational use of drugs can lead to health risks. We investigated the situation of knowledge-attitude-practices (KAP) of CRs in Shenzhen (China) for safe use of drugs, and analyzed the main factors influencing drug use. METHODS: A multi-stage, random sampling method was used. We used a validated questionnaire to conduct an online questionnaire survey on the demographic characteristics and KAP of safe use of drugs of CRs in 10 administrative districts of Shenzhen City. The KAP score of safe use of drugs of CRs was analyzed. Influencing factors were identified using a single-factor chi-squared test and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 7269 valid questionnaires were collected. The average scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were (9.08 ± 1.49) (possible range: 0-10), (37.82 ± 3.96) (possible range: 8-40), and (35.82 ± 4.56) (possible range: 8-40), respectively, indicating that they had a better grasp of safe use of drugs. Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, age, education level, occupation, monthly household income per capita, marital status, health status, and different sources of information were the main factors affecting the knowledge and behavior of safe use of drugs of CRs. In addition to the marital status variable, other variables also have a significant impact on attitude towards safe use of drugs of CRs. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, lower education level, lower income level, average/poor self-rated health status, and single source of drug-use information were the main factors affecting safe use of drugs based on KAP theory. The government and medical workers should carry out various forms of drug-education activities for people with different needs, encourage CRs to learn safe use of drugs, and promote safe use of drugs by CRs through diverse information sources.

Nursing students' knowledge, attitudes and learning occasions about pressure injuries at the time of graduation: A multi-method pre-post pandemic study.

INTRODUCTION: Pressure injuries (PIs) are a significant issue in healthcare system: nursing students are recommended to be prepared to assess the risk, prevent and manage them. However, despite the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected nursing students' learning opportunities no data regarding their impact of PIs knowledge, attitudes and learning occasions have been documented to date. AIMS: To describe the post-pandemic knowledge and attitudes regarding PI prevention and management and to compare clinical learning opportunities in the field of PIs before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: A descriptive multi-method study involving students at the time of their graduation in the before (n = 114) and after the pandemic (n = 113). The Italian versions of the Pressure Ulcer Knowledge Assessment Tool (PUKAT-IT) and Attitude Toward Pressure Ulcer Prevention (APuP-IT) scales were used. Data regarding pre- and post-pandemic learning opportunities were retrospectively collected from the Student Portfolio of Skills. RESULTS: The average PUKAT-IT score was 57.92 % (cut-off 60 %), which indicates insufficient knowledge; the average APuP-IT score was 78.19 % (cut-off 75 %), which shows positive attitudes towards PI. Comparing the pre- and the post-pandemic groups, learning opportunities in PI risk assessment and prevention significantly decreased (overall 38.90 vs 32.27 and 35.26 vs 25.97, respectively) while those regarding the PI management remained stable. CONCLUSION: In the post-pandemic times, nursing students' knowledge about PIs remains insufficient while their attitudes are adequate; the pandemic significantly reduced students' exposure to prevention and assessment learning opportunities during their internship, which suggests a need to update educational strategies to ensure appropriate knowledge and learning experiences in this field.

An integrated dual process model in predicting e-cigarette use in undergraduate students.

The use of e-cigarette or vape devices is a growing concern on an international scale, given the devices' addictive nature and questions regarding their short- and long-term health impacts. Their use is especially an issue in young people, many of whom have little or no previous nicotine use experience. This study tested an integrated dual process model in 363 young Australian undergraduates where prospectively measured e-cigarette use was predicted by the psychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior, supplemented with risk perception, e-cigarette dependence, habit, and implicit attitude. Intention to use an e-cigarette was predicted by affective attitude, subjective norm, and e-cigarette dependance, but not instrumental attitude, perceived behavioral control, or risk perception. E-cigarette use was predicted by e-cigarette dependance, intention, habit, implicit attitude, and previous nicotine use, although perceived behavioral control did not directly predict behavior nor moderate the intention-behavior relationship. Current findings provide evidence for important psychological predictors of e-cigarette use, signposting potential intervention targets. Specifically, interventions may benefit from using strategies that tap affective or normative beliefs alongside automatic constructs and dependence, while focusing less on beliefs about the health impacts of e-cigarettes or control over using.