Cephalometric changes during aging in subjects with normal occlusion

Abstract Objective To assess craniofacial changes from early adulthood to the seventh decade of life in individuals with normal occlusion. Methodology The sample comprised lateral cephalograms of 21 subjects with normal occlusion (11 male, 10 female), taken at 17 (T1) and 61 years of age (T2). Anteroposterior and vertical maxillomandibular relationships, and dentoalveolar and soft tissue changes were analyzed. Interphase comparisons were performed using paired t-tests. Differences between sexes, and subgroups with and without tooth loss were evaluated using t-tests (p<0.05). Results Maxillary and mandibular anterior displacement, and facial and ramus height increased from T1 to T2. Maxillary molars showed significant mesial angulation. Maxillary and mandibular molars, and mandibular incisors developed vertically during the evaluation period. Soft tissue changes included a decrease of the nasolabial angle, upper and lower lip retrusion, decrease of upper lip thickness and increase of the lower lip and soft chin thickness. Maxillary incisor exposure by the upper lip decreased 3.6 mm in 40 years. Males presented counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, whereas females showed mandibular clockwise rotation and backward displacement of the chin. The group with tooth loss showed a greater increase of the posterior facial height and ramus height. Conclusion We observed aging changes in dentoskeletal structures and soft tissue, as well as sexual differences for craniofacial changes during the maturational process. Subjects with multiple tooth losses showed a greater increase in mandibular ramus height.

Determinação da relação cêntrica pelo registro do Arco Gótico de Gysi em paciente edêntulo total / Determining the centric relation for the edentulous patient with the Gothic Arch of Gysi

Este artigo descreve a técnica de confecção dos dispositivos intraorais e a realização do registro do arco gótico, com consequente determinação da Relação Cêntrica (RC) em um paciente edêntulo total. (AU)

The aim of this paper was to describe the technique of intraoral devices making for the recording of the Gothic Arch Tracings, and consequently the determination of the Centric Relation (CR), in a total edentulous patient. (AU)

Comparison of mesiodistal tooth widths in Caucasian, African and Japanese individuals with Brazilian ancestry and normal occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the presence of sexual dimorphism and compare the mesiodistal width of the teeth in Caucasian, African and Japanese individuals with Brazilian ancestry not orthodontically treated and with normal occlusion. METHODS: One hundred pairs of dental casts were used. It was measured, from first molar to first molar in both arches, the teeth's mesiodistal widths, using a digital caliper. For the statistical analysis of results Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t test, ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05) were used. RESULTS: Sexual dimorphism occurred on the three evaluated groups, and the highest mesiodistal widths were found in males. There was statistically significant difference between racial groups in all evaluated teeth in males. However, in females, this same difference was found only on upper lateral incisor and first molar; and lower lateral incisor, canine, first premolar and first molar. CONCLUSIONS: Most of mesiodistal measures present particular characteristics in relation to gender, with higher values for males, and to race, with a tendency for African to present greater mesiodistal distance of the teeth, followed by Japanese and Caucasians, respectively, important for the correct diagnosis and orthodontic planning.

Comparison of mesiodistal tooth widths in Caucasian, African and Japanese individuals with Brazilian ancestry and normal occlusion

OBJECTIVE: To observe the presence of sexual dimorphism and compare the mesiodistal width of the teeth in Caucasian, African and Japanese individuals with Brazilian ancestry not orthodontically treated and with normal occlusion. METHODS: One hundred pairs of dental casts were used. It was measured, from first molar to first molar in both arches, the teeth's mesiodistal widths, using a digital caliper. For the statistical analysis of results Kolmogorov-Smirnov, t test, ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05) were used. RESULTS: Sexual dimorphism occurred on the three evaluated groups, and the highest mesiodistal widths were found in males. There was statistically significant difference between racial groups in all evaluated teeth in males. However, in females, this same difference was found only on upper lateral incisor and first molar; and lower lateral incisor, canine, first premolar and first molar. CONCLUSION: Most of mesiodistal measures present particular characteristics in relation to gender, with higher values for males, and to race, with a tendency for African to present greater mesiodistal distance of the teeth, followed by Japanese and Caucasians, respectively, important for the correct diagnosis and orthodontic planning.

OBJETIVO: observar a presença de dimorfismo sexual e comparar a largura mesiodistal dos dentes em indivíduos brasileiros leucodermas, melanodermas e xantodermas não tratados ortodonticamente e com oclusão normal. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 100 pares de modelos de gesso ortodônticos. As larguras mesiodistais dos dentes foram medidas de primeiro molar a primeiro molar, em ambas as arcadas, utilizando um paquímetro digital. Para a análise estatística dos resultados foi utilizado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, o teste t, a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) a um critério e o teste de Tukey (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: ocorreu dimorfismo sexual nos três grupos avaliados, sendo que as maiores larguras mesiodistais foram encontradas no sexo masculino. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos raciais em todos os dentes avaliados para o sexo masculino. Já no sexo feminino, essa mesma diferença foi encontrada apenas nos dentes incisivo lateral e primeiro molar superior, e incisivo lateral, canino, primeiro pré-molar e primeiro molar inferior. CONCLUSÃO: a maioria das medidas dentárias mesiodistais apresentam características próprias em relação ao sexo, com valores maiores para o sexo masculino; e em relação à raça, com uma tendência dos melanodermas apresentarem maior distância mesiodistal dos dentes, seguidos pelos xantodermas e leucodermas, respectivamente. O conhecimento dessas diferenças é importante para o correto diagnóstico e planejamento ortodôntico.

Oclusão em prótese total / Dental occlusion in complete denture

Neste artigo os autores fazem uma revisão através da busca literária para entender melhor sobre as alterações ocorridas em um usuário de prótese total convencional e suas consequências ao sistema estomatognático, levando em consideração o tipo de oclusão e as fraturas que podem ocorrer nas próteses de acordo com a distribuição de estresse

In this article the authors make a review to better understand the alterations that may happen in a patient with conventional complete denture and also the result in the stomatognathic system. Considering different occlusion types and possible fractures the main factor to be evaluated is the stress distribution

Contatos oclusais em balanceio em indivíduos jovens: funcionais? / Balancing side occlusal contacts in young people: are they functional?

Um importante fator no estudo da oclusão diz respeito à correta detecção da presença de contatos oclusais no lado de balanceio, sua intensidade e localização. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de contatos em balanceio em 30 indivíduos jovens, durante o ato mastigatório, utilizando como material de registro uma mistura de verniz cavitário e pó de fosfato de zinco. Vinte e três jovens ou 76.67% dos participantes apresentaram contatos no lado de balanceio bilateralmente, normais ou interferentes. Considerando-se apenas os contatos considerados normais, que não excederam a intensidade dos contatos no lado de trabalho, 50% dos participantes apresentaram contatos bilaterais, 6.67% apresentaram contatos unilaterais no lado direito e 20% apresentaram contatos unilaterais no lado esquerdo. A metodologia funcional empregada na detecção de contatos em balanceio evidenciou sua presença de maneira clara e precisa, comparativamente ao método que emprega papel carbono articular. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que contatos oclusais no lado de balanceio em indivíduos jovens são um achado funcional freqüente.

An important factor in occlusion study is related to the correct balancing-side contacts detection, its intensity and location. This study intended to evaluate balancing-side contacts occurrence in 30 young people, during mastication, using a mixture of varnish and zinc cement powder. Twenty-three young people or 76.67% of the participants showed bilateral balancingside contacts, normal or interferent. Considering only the normal contacts, it means, the ones which did not exceed working-side contacts intensity, 50% of the participants showed bilateral contacts, 6.67% showed unilateral contacts on the right side and 20% showed unilateral contacts on the left side. The functional methodology used in balancing-side contact detection denoted its presence clearly and accurately, comparatively to the carbon paper method. The results allowed us to conclude that balancing-side contacts in young people are a frequent finding.