Functional yogurt fermented by two-probiotics regulates blood lipid and weight in a high-fat diet mouse model.

We investigated the blood lipid regulation effects and mechanism of a functional Natto yogurt in a high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia mouse model. Natto yogurt was characteristically fermented by Bacillus natto and Lactobacillus plantarum with milk-soy dual protein as substrates. After 5 weeks of Natto yogurt consumption, the body weight, fat, and liver weight of mice were significantly improved, while serum levels of TG, TC, LDL, ALT, TBIL, and TBA were reduced. Natto yogurt significantly decreased the area of liver fat infiltration and the number of lipid droplets. In mechanism, we found that Natto yogurt can inhibit fatty acid synthesis and enhance fatty acid catabolism by regulating the expression of PPARα, PPARγ, CD36 and FAS in the liver. Moreover, Natto yogurt increased the ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes in the intestine. These results provide a possibility for Natto yogurt as a dual protein functional food to prevent and treat hyperlipidemia and obesity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Traditional-fermented yogurt promotes nutritional absorption and reduces blood pressure and fat, while Bacillus natto and its fermented food have been proved to play a significant role in improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and obesity. Therefore, we developed a new dual protein functional yogurt (Natto yogurt) fermented by B. natto and Lactobacillus plantarum with milk and soy as substrates. We found that Natto yogurt could notably regulate blood lipid by inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids, accelerating the catabolism of fatty acids, reducing liver damage, and increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal microorganisms. This study suggested that Natto yogurt could improve hyperlipidemia and obesity as a safe, effective, and healthy functional food.

Identification and action mechanism of lipid regulating components from Rhei Radix et rhizoma.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to attack stagnation, clear damp heat, relieve fire, cool blood, remove blood stasis and detoxify recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Modern pharmacological research has showed the extract of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma has the effect of lowering blood lipids, but the main active components and their mechanisms are still not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY: To reveal the lipid regulating components from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and preliminarily explore their related action mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rat model of dyslipidemia was established by administration of a high-fat emulsion via gavage, and the intervention effect of different polar fractions of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma on rat blood lipids as well as their related action mechanisms were preliminarily investigated. The effective components were inferred based on the above tests and identified by high performance liquid chromatography in comparison with reference substances, their UV absorption and high resolution mass spectra characteristics. RESULTS: The extract with dichloromethane fraction (DF) containing rhubarb free anthraquinones (aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) significantly regulated the disordered blood lipids, lowered TC and LDLC, reversed TG and increased HDLC level in dyslipidemic rats and also showed lipid-lowering effect on lipid abnormalities in HepG2 cells. DF could alter the signaling pathways such as PPARα and AMPK implicated in lipid metabolism, and it down-regulated the mRNA expression of liver APOA2, SCD-1, HMGCR, SREBP-2 and PCSK9, but up-regulated the expressions of liver APOE, LPL and intestinal ABCG8. Besides, it could change the composition of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in dyslipidemic rat feces samples. CONCLUSIONS: Rhubarb free anthraquinones have a significant regulating effect on the levels of serum TC, LDLC and HDLC, and probably possess a bidirectional regulatory effect on TG level in dyslipidemic rats. These effects may be achieved by regulating the expressions of the liver PPARα and SREBP target genes, PCSK9 and the intestinal ABCG8 genes, which are involved in blood cholesterol transport, liver lipid metabolism and intestinal cholesterol excretion. Rhubarb free anthraquinones may also affect energy metabolism by changing the composition of gut microflora related to lipid metabolism in dyslipidemic rats.

Hypolipidemic effect of powder of Panax notoginseng and its mechanism / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the hypolipidemic effects of powder of Panax notoginseng (PPN) and explore its possible mechanism. Methods: Hyperlipidemic rats model was established, and orally given three dosages of PPN for 8 weeks. The levels of serum ALT, AST, TC, TG, and LDL-C were detected. The pathological changes of liver tissues were observed by H&E staining. Gene expressions of hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), SIRT1, and LXR-α were measured with RT-PCR analysis. Protein expression of SREBP-2 and SCAP was determined by Western blotting. Results: Three dosages of PPN significantly decreased serum ALT, AST, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels. Histological data indicated that PPN notably reduced liver injury and hepatic steatosis in hyperlipidemic rats. In molecular study, mRNA expression of hepatic LDLR and SIRT1 was up-regulated and LXR-α gene expression was down-regulated in PPN treated rats. Additionally, PPN significantly reduced protein expression of SREBP-2 and SCAP. Conclusion: The positive effect of PPN on hyperlipidemic rats may be related to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis of PPN through the up-regulation of SIRT1 and down-regulation of LXR-α and SCAP/SREBP-2 signaling pathway. Additionally, PPN could up-regulate hepatic LDLR mRNA expression and improve uptake of LDL-C in circulation.

Effects of Inonotus obliquus fungal substance on type 2 diabetic rats induced by Streptozotocin / 中草药

Objective: To compare the effects of fungal substance and sclerotium in Inonotus obliquus on the expeimental rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus induced by Streptozotocin (STZ). Methods: The type 2 diabetic rat model was established by ip injection of STZ (35 mg/kg) on SD rats after the rats were fed with high sugar and high fat for 6 weeks. Then, the rats were divided into model, fungal substance (I. obliquus fungal substance 1 g/kg), sclerotium (I. obliquus sclerotium 1 g/kg), and positive control (metformin hydrochloride 0.2 g/kg) groups. After 10 weeks of administration, the body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin (INS), glycated metabolism (HbAlc), free fatty acid (FFA), cholesterin (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and other blood biochemical indexes were measured, and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. Results: After 10 weeks of administration, compared with the model group, the body weight and the SOD and GSH-Px levels of diabetic rats were significantly increased in fungal substance and sclerotium groups (P < 0.05), and the blood glucose and FBG, FFA, TC, TG, and MDA levels in the serum of diabetic rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The effects between fungal substance and sclerotium groups were statistically nonsignificant on the above indexes. Conclusion: The fungal substance of I. obliquus could relieve the symptom, lower the blood glucose, regulate the blood lipid, and improve the oxidative stress of experimental rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the effects are similar with sclerotium group of wild I. obliquus.

STUDIES ON THE SERIAL PRODUCTS OF ENTERMORPHA WITH ITS DEFECATION FUNCTIONS / 营养学报

Objective To study the effect of the products of entermorpha (EP), chlorella growth factor (CGF) and entermorpha dietary fiber (EPDF) on defecation and blood lipid regulation. Method Based on the composition of EP products, the male ICR mice were intervened with EP, EPDF and CGF with three doses. Using the constipation model induced by compound diphenoxylate, the effect of EP products on enterocinesia function of mice was determined by measuring defecation and the percentage of ink-pushing in small intestine. High-lipid rat model was established by feading high fat diet and the intervention effect with three doses of EPDF and CGF for 6 w was observed. Results As compared to the model group,all doses of EP,both middle and high doses of EPDF,and high dose of CGF could shorten the time of first defecation and increase the percentage of ink-pushing in small intestine of costive mice (P

Studies on blood lipid regulating effects of GANPISHU INSTANT GRANULE / 中草药

Object To study the effects of GANPISHU INSTANT GRANULE * on experimental hyperlipemia model of rats Methods: Hyperlipemia models were prepared by special feeding method and their biochemical parameters determined Results GANPISHU INSTANT GRANULE can obviously lower serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), LDL C and apolipoprotein B while increase the high density lipoprotein total cholesterol ration Conclusion GANPISHU INSTANT GRANULE showed significant blood lipid regulation effects on hyperlipedemicrats These results provided an important basis for exploiting and utilizing GANPISHU INSTANT GRANULE

STUDY ON THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MORTIERELLA ISABELINA AND ITS EFFECT ON REGULATION OF BLOOD LIPIDS IN RATS / 营养学报

Objective: 1.To analyze the nutritional composition and evaluation of the nutritional value of Mortierella isabelina powder. 2.To investigate the effects of Mortierella isabelina powder on prevention and regulation of hyperlipidemia in rats. Methods: 1. Mycelium powder was analyzed for proteins, lipids polysaccharides, fibre, ash, vitamin E, amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. 2. Mycelium powder was used to feed rats in different dosages together with high lipid diet for 10 days. 3. Mycelium powder was used to feed hyperlipidemic rats in different dosages for 30 days. Results: (1) There were about 20% of proteins and more than 50% of lipids in the mycelium. Further examination found that the mycelium contained rich essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The mycelium also contained vitamin E and useful minerals such as K, Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Mn. (2) 0.6 or 1.2 g/(kg?d) dosage of mycelium powder could prevent the rise of serum lipids. (3) When the mycelium powder was used to feed hyperlipidemic rats, the serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL C and VLDL C of the rats could be reduced, meanwhile HDL C could be increased. Conclusion: The results indicated that Mortierella isabelina powder has potential nutritional value and can be used to regulate the blood lipids in hyperlipidemic rats.