Nivel de cumplimiento de metas internacionales de seguridad en un Sanatorio privado 2023 / Level of compliance with international safety goals in a private Sanatorium 2023

La presente investigación pretende evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de las metas internacionales, que representan el foco principal para la mejora de calidad y seguridad de atención de los pacientes. La seguridad del paciente involucra a todos los estudios, prácticas y acciones promovidas por las instituciones sanitarias para disminuir y eliminar los riesgos de daños innecesarios relacionados con el cuidado de la salud. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal. De fuentes primaria y secundaria, Resultados: se abordaron las metas N° 1 la cual consiste en Identificar a los pacientes correctamente y la meta N° 6 la cual se refiere a Reducir el riesgo de lesiones en pacientes como resultado de caídas. En primer lugar, se destaca el cumplimiento en la identificación correcta del paciente y en segunda instancia la mejora del cumplimiento de medidas de prevención de caídas. Conclusión: Esta proximidad de los valores obtenidos genera un aspecto positivo para mejorar la seguridad de los pacientes y que, si bien el cumplimiento de las metas no es el deseado, es cercano al porcentaje planteado. Lo que en definitiva hace a este estudio un antecedente importante en la mejora continua con vista al futuro cercano[AU]

This research aims to evaluate the level of compliance with international goals, which represent the main focus for improving the quality and safety of patient care. Patient safety involves all studies, practices and actions promoted by health institutions to reduce and eliminate the risks of unnecessary harm related to health care. Methodology: Descriptive, observational and transversal study. From primary and secondary sources, Results: goals No. 1 were addressed, which consists of Identifying patients correctly and goal No. 6, which refers to Reducing the risk of injuries in patients as a result of falls. Firstly, compliance with correct patient identification stands out and secondly, improvement in compliance with fall prevention measures. Conclusion: This proximity of the values obtained generates a positive aspect to improve patient safety and that, although the fulfillment of the goals is not as desired, it is close to the proposed percentage. Which ultimately makes this study an important precedent in continuous improvement for the near future[AU]

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar o nível de cumprimento das metas internacionais, que representam o foco principal para a melhoria da qualidade e segurança do atendimento ao paciente. A segurança do paciente envolve todos os estudos, e ações promovidas pelas instituições de saúde para reduzir e eliminar os riscos de danos desnecessários relacionados à assistência à saúde. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, observacional e transversal. De fontes primárias e secundárias, dependendo do indicador e do objetivo para o qual a medição está sendo realizada. Resultados: Nesta pesquisa serão abordadas as metas nº1, que consiste em Identificar corretamente os pacientes e a meta nº 6, que es Reduzir o risco de lesões nos pacientes em decorrência de quedas. Foi realizado nos dois locais. Em primeiro lugar, destaca-se o cumprimento da correta identificação do paciente e, em segundo lugar, a melhoria no cumprimento das medidas de prevenção de quedas. Conclusão: Essa proximidade dos valores obtidos gera um aspecto positivo para melhorar a segurança do paciente e que, embora o cumprimento das metas não seja o desejado, está próximo do percentual proposto. O que acaba por tornar este estudo um precedente importante na melhoria contínua com vista ao futuro próximo.

[Artículo traducido] Abordaje del adulto mayor con fractura vertebral por fragilidad ósea.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic and systemic disease characterized by alterations at the level of bone tissue with loss of bone mineral density, changes in microarchitecture, mineralization and remodeling that determine greater bone fragility and risk of fracture.Falls in the elderly are a risk factor closely related to fragility fractures and numerous studies demonstrate this relationship.Vertebral fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology differs from osteoporotic fractures at other skeletal sites, as only one-third are clinically recognized. In the elderly, the approach to osteoporotic vertebral fracture involves comprehensive evaluation of the patient since it is both a cause and a consequence of multiple geriatric syndromes. This fracture, in its acute phase and subsequently, can lead to destabilization of other organs and systems of the elderly, medical complications at different levels, functional deterioration, dependence, and even the need for institutionalization.Therefore, multiple assessment of patients with vertebral fractures is necessary, addressing not only the history and risk factors of osteoporosis, but also those factors that lead to falls, as well as a comprehensive geriatric assessment and the complications closely associated with it.In this chapter we address each of these aspects that are necessary in the individual and multidimensional approach to the elderly patient with vertebral fracture due to bone fragility.

Falls in older adults hospitalized in tertiary centers in Colombia. Clinical description and complications.

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of falls in elderly patients in the hospital environment is three times higher than that in the community. The aim was to determine the characteristics of patients who suffered in-hospital falls and their complications. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with patients older than 64 years of age, admitted between 2018 and 2020 to four clinics in Colombia who presented a fall during their stay. Clinical data, reasons for the fall, complications and use of drugs with a known risk for causing falls and with an anticholinergic load were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 249 patients were included. The mean age was 77.5 ± 7.4 years, and there was a predominance of males (63.9%). The patients were hospitalized mainly for community-acquired pneumonia (12.4%) and heart failure (10.4%). Falls occurred most frequently in hospitalization wards (77.1%) and emergency departments (20.9%). Falls were related to standing alone (34.4%) and on the way to the bathroom (28.9%), with 40.6% (n = 102) of falls resulting in trauma, especially to the head (27.7%); the incidence of fractures was low (3.2%). Ninety-two percent of patients had polypharmacy (≥5 drugs), 88.0% received psychotropic drugs, and 37.3% received drugs with an anticholinergic load ≥3 points. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized adults over 65 years of age suffered falls, mainly in hospitalization wards and emergency departments, especially during the process of solitary ambulation. Most had received psychotropic drugs and medications with a high anticholinergic load. These results suggest that it is necessary to improve risk prevention strategies for falls in this population.

Approach to the elderly patient with vertebral fracture due to bone fragility. / Abordaje del adulto mayor con fractura vertebral por fragilidad ósea.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic and systemic disease characterized by alterations at the level of bone tissue with loss of bone mineral density, changes in microarchitecture, mineralization and remodeling that determine greater bone fragility and risk of fracture. Falls in the elderly are a risk factor closely related to fragility fractures and numerous studies demonstrate this relationship. Vertebral fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology differs from osteoporotic fractures at other skeletal sites, as only one-third are clinically recognized. In the elderly, the approach to osteoporotic vertebral fracture involves comprehensive evaluation of the patient, since it is both a cause and a consequence of multiple geriatric syndromes. This fracture, in its acute phase and subsequently, can lead to destabilization of other organs and systems of the elderly, medical complications at different levels, functional deterioration, dependence, and even the need for institutionalization. Therefore, it is important to carry out a multiple assessment of patients with vertebral fractures, addressing not only the history and risk factors of osteoporosis, but also those factors that lead to falls, as well as a comprehensive geriatric assessment and the complications closely associated with it. In this chapter we address each of these aspects that are necessary in the individual and multidimensional approach to the elderly patient with vertebral fracture due to bone fragility.

Evaluación del riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / Evaluation of fall risk assessmentin in older adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / Avaliação do risco de quedas em idosos com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus 2 es una enfermedad frecuente en adultos mayores, con múltiples complicaciones que pueden llegar a afectar el equilibrio y la marcha e incrementar el riesgo de caída. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de caídas en dos grupos de adultos mayores, uno con padecimiento de DM2 y otro sin este padecimiento. Metodología: Estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo, diseño observacional, y de cohorte transversal; muestra poblacional de 120 adultos mayores en la ciudad de Guayaquil divididos en dos grupos: grupo A con 60 adultos mayores que no padecían DM2 y grupo B con 60 adultos mayores con DM2; que cumplen con los criterios de inclusión y a quienes se evalúan mediante las técnicas: observación, evaluación y entrevista; y los instrumentos: Escala de Berg, Mini-BESTest y formulario estándar. Se utilizó la prueba estadística Chi cuadrado para la comparación de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: Los resultados indican que, en la determinación del riesgo de caídas, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p0.05). El estudio además encontró que los resultados obtenidos, en las dos pruebas de riesgo de caídas, difieren entre sí. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores diabéticos presentan un mayor riesgo de caída a comparación de adultos mayores no diabéticos.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus 2 is a common disease in older adults, with multiple complications that can affect balance and gait and increase the risk of falling. Objective: To determine the risk of falls in two groups of older adults, one with and the other without DM2. Methodology: Quantitative approach study, descriptive scope, observational design, and cross-sectional cohort; population sample of 120 older adults in the city of Guayaquil divided into two groups: group A with 60 older adults who did not suffer from DM2 and group B with 60 older adults with DM2; who meet the inclusion criteria and who are evaluated by means of the techniques: observation, evaluation and interview; and the instruments: Berg scale, Mini-BESTestest and standard form. The Chi-square statistical test was used to compare the results obtained. Results: The results indicate that, in the determination of the risk of falls, statistically significant differences (p0.05) were found. The study further found that the results obtained, in the two fall risk tests, differed from each other. Conclusions: Diabetic older adults present a higher risk of falling compared to non-diabetic older adults.

Introdução: O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 é uma doença comum em idosos, com múltiplas complicações que podem afetar o equilíbrio e a marcha e aumentar o risco de quedas. Objetivo: Determinar o risco de quedas em dois grupos de idosos, um com DM2 e outro sem essa condição. Metodologia: Estudo com abordagem quantitativa, escopo descritivo, desenho observacional e coorte transversal; amostra populacional de 120 idosos da cidade de Guayaquil dividida em dois grupos: grupo A com 60 idosos que não sofriam de DM2 e grupo B com 60 idosos com DM2; que atendam aos critérios de inclusão e que sejam avaliados pelas técnicas: observação, avaliação e entrevista; e os instrumentos: Escala de Berg, Mini-BESTest e formulário padrão. O teste estatístico Qui-quadrado foi utilizado para comparação dos resultados obtidos. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que, na determinação do risco de quedas, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p0,05). O estudo também constatou que os resultados obtidos nos dois testes de risco de queda diferem entre si. Conclusões: Idosos diabéticos apresentam maior risco de queda em comparação aos idosos não diabéticos.

Efectividad de las intervenciones enfermeras en la prevención de caídas en adultos mayores en la comunidad y en entornos sanitarios: una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de ECA / Effectiveness of nursing interventions in the prevention of falls in older adults in the community and in health care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT

Objetivo: Estimar la efectividad de los programas de prevención de caídas en mayores de 65 años en los que participan profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados disponibles a texto completo sobre la prevención de caídas en la comunidad realizada por enfermeras en personas mayores de 65 años y que informaran de la incidencia de dichas caídas. Se analizaron 14 bases de datos en el período de 2016 a 2018 de publicaciones en inglés, francés, portugués y español. La calidad de los artículos se evaluó de manera independiente y ciega por los revisores, que trabajaron en parejas usando para ello los dominios de riesgo de riesgo de la Colaboración Cochrane. Se utilizó el cociente de riesgos como medida del tamaño de efecto. Se asumió un modelo de efectos aleatorios para los análisis estadísticos. La influencia de las variables moderadoras de los estudios sobre los tamaños de efecto se realizó mediante ANOVA con un intervalo de confianza del 95% para cada categoría. Resultados: Se seleccionaron 31 estudios con 25.551 participantes, donde la intervención más frecuente fue la educación (57,1%), seguida de los modelos multifactoriales (37,1%). La probabilidad de caídas se redujo significativamente en los grupos intervención (RR +=0,87). Las intervenciones multifactoriales (RR +=0,89) y basadas en la educación (RR=+0,84) redujeron significativamente la probabilidad de caídas. Conclusiones: Descartando el sesgo de publicación, los programas de prevención llevados a cabo por enfermeras producen una reducción significativa del 10% de las caídas. Las intervenciones basadas en la educación y multifactoriales son las más efectivas cuando son llevadas a cabo por enfermeras.(AU)

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of fall prevention programs in people aged 65 years and older involving nursing professionals. Methods: We included available full-text randomized clinical trials on nurse-led prevention of falls in the community in people over 65 years of age and reporting the incidence of such falls. An extensive search was performed in 14 databases covering the period 2016 to 2018 for publications in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. The quality of the papers was assessed independently and blindly by reviewers working in pairs using the risk of bias dominios of the Cochrane Collaboration. The hazard ratio was used as a measure of the effect size of the incidence of falls. A random-effects model was assumed for statistical analyses. The influence of moderator variables of the studies on the effect sizes was performed using ANOVAs and its 95% CI for each moderator category. Results: A total of 31 randomized clinical trials were selected with 25,551 participants. The most frequent type of intervention was education (57.1%), followed by multifactorial models (37.1%). The probability of falling was significantly reduced by 13% in the intervention groups compared to the control groups (RR +=0.87). Multifactorial (RR +=0.89) and education-based (RR=+0.84) interventions significantly reduced the probability of falls by 11% and 16%, respectively. Conclusions: Discarding publication bias prevention programs carried out by nurses produce a significant 10% reduction in falls. Education-based and multifactorial interventions are the most effective when conducted by nurses.(AU)

Prevalencia de caídas en pacientes ingresados en un hospital universitario / Prevalence of falls in patients admitted to a University Hospital

Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de caídas de los pacientes hos­pitalizados en un hospital universitario, así como los factores asociados con la asistencia sanitaria (motivos de las caídas, especialidad más prevalente, turno más frecuente, si estaban solos o acompañados, etc.) en los pacientes que se cayeron y las posibles consecuencias de las caídas. Métodos: estudio transversal. Se incluyeron a todos los pacientes adultos ingresados en 20 unidades de hospitalización del Hospital Universitario de Burgos, que habían sufrido una caída en 2019 y estaban incluidos en el registro de caídas del programa GACELA Care®. El formulario consta de 28 campos de en­trada de datos, que aportan información relevante sobre la caída. Se llevó a cabo análisis descriptivo y comparativo, usando los test estadísticos correspondientes. Resultados: se registraron 244 caídas (0,9%). La edad media fue 73,3 años. El 54,4% tenía edad igual o mayor a 75 años. El 57,8% era del sexo masculino. En Medicina Interna (29,1%) y Psiquiatría (11,1%) se registró el mayor porcentaje de caídas. El 44,2% se produjo en turno de noche, en pacientes que estaban solos (71,7%), sin protecciones (70,5%); y deambulando (36,1%). El motivo principal fue la inestabilidad motora (48,4%). El 62,7% de los pacientes resultó ileso. La especialidad y el turno de trabajo se asociaron significativamente con las caídas. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de caídas en el hospital fue baja. Los factores que se relacionaron con mayor porcentaje de caídas fueron ser mayor de 75 años, sexo masculino, estar ingresado en unidades de especialidad médica y turno de noche. Las caídas ocurrieron habitualmente cuando el paciente estaba solo, sin protección, al levantarse y caminar. La mayoría de los pacientes no presentó lesiones.(AU)

Objective: to analyse the prevalence of falls in patients admitted to a University Hospital, as well as to identify the characteristics of those patients who experienced falls, the factors associated with patient care (reasons for falls, the most prevalent specialty, the most frequent shift, whether they were alone or accompanied, etc.) among patients who fell down, and the potential consequences of said falls. Methods: a cross-sectional study, including all adult patients admitted to 20 hospitalization units from the Hospital Universitario de Burgos, who had experienced a fall in 2019 and were included in the register of falls from the GACELA Care® program. The form consisted of 28 data entry fields, and included information about date, time and place of the fall; reasons for falls; consequences of falls, and action by professionals. Descriptive and comparative analysis was conducted, using the relevant statistical tests. Results: in total, 244 (0.9%) falls were registered. The mean age was 73.3 years; 57.8% were male. The highest proportion of falls was recorded at Internal Medicine (29.1%) and Psychiatry (11.1%); 44.2% occurred during the night shift, in patients who were alone (71.7%); without protections (70.5%); and walking around (36.1%). The main reason was motor instability (48,4%); 62.7% of patients remained unharmed. There was a significant association between specialty and work shift and falls. Conclusions: there was a low prevalence of falls in the hospital. The factors associated with a higher proportion of falls were being >75-year-old, male gender, being admitted to medical specialty units, and night shift. Falls commonly occurred when the patient was alone, without protection, when getting up and walking. Most patients did not present any lesions.(AU)

[Alusti test as a premonitory variable of adverse health events in a nursing home. Two-years follow-up]. / Test Alusti como variable premonitoria de procesos adversos de salud en una residencia de mayores. Seguimiento a 2 años.

INTRODUCTION: Functional capacity is a good indicator of health, quality of life, and a good predictor of morbimortality. It is a priority to functionally assess the geriatric population through objective, precise, and simple instruments. The Alusti Test in its two versions, complete (TA) and abbreviated (TAA), is a scale that meets these criteria. OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of the Alusti Test as a predictor of adverse health events: falls, hospitalizations, cognitive deterioration, and mortality in the elderly institutionalized population, with a two-year follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This observational study's sample included 176 persons admitted to a nursing home for 32months, with a mean age of 85.5years. The TA was performed on 138 and the TAA on 38. RESULTS: The ratio of falls is much higher in residents with mild dependence than in those with total dependence (P<.001). Hospitalizations increase as the results of the Alusti Test are more favorable. The risk of hospitalization in dependent patients is 50% lower (P<.001) than in those with preserved mobility. Cognitive impairment is similar in all the populations with some mild-moderate level of functional dependence and decreases in the population with preserved mobility. Categorization as total and mild/severe dependence is related to a 3-4times higher mortality at six months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A higher mild-moderate level of dependence on the AT correlates with a lower risk of falls, a lower rate of hospitalization, and a higher risk of mortality at six months.

Effectiveness of nursing interventions in the prevention of falls in older adults in the community and in health care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effectiveness of fall prevention programs in people aged 65 years and older involving nursing professionals. METHODS: We included available full-text randomized clinical trials on nurse-led prevention of falls in the community in people over 65 years of age and reporting the incidence of such falls. An extensive search was performed in 14 databases covering the period 2016-2018 for publications in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. The quality of the papers was assessed independently and blindly by reviewers working in pairs using the risk of bias dominios of the Cochrane Collaboration. The hazard ratio was used as a measure of the effect size of the incidence of falls. A random-effects model was assumed for statistical analyses. The influence of moderator variables of the studies on the effect sizes was performed using ANOVAs and its 95% CI for each moderator category. RESULTS: A total of 31 randomized clinical trials were selected with 25,551 participants. The most frequent type of intervention was education (57.1%), followed by multifactorial models (37.1%). The probability of falling was significantly reduced by 13% in the intervention groups compared to the control groups (RR+=0.87). Multifactorial (RR+=0.89) and education-based (RR=+0.84) interventions significantly reduced the probability of falls by 11% and 16%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Discarding publication bias prevention programs carried out by nurses produce a significant 10% reduction in falls. Education-based and multifactorial interventions are the most effective when conducted by nurses.

[Prognosis in elderly patients with falls treated in emergency departments: The EDEN-3 study]. / Pronóstico en pacientes ancianos con caídas atendidos en servicios de urgencias: estudio EDEN-3.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether falls in people ≥65 years old are a prognostic factor for adverse events compared to the rest of older patients who consult emergency departments, and identify factors related to a worse long-term evolution. METHOD: EDEN cohort that included patients ≥65 years old. Those patients who consulted for fall and the rest were distinguished. Twelve variables were collected. For comparison: two groups matched by fall propensity score. We compared mortality at one year and combined adverse event post-discharge at one year. In patients with falls, variables independently related to evolution were identified. RESULTS: Two thousand seven hundred and forty-five patients treated for falls and 22,920 for other reasons. Mortality at one year was 14.4% (9.5% vs. 15.0%, respectively, P<.001) and the combined post-discharge adverse event at one year was 60.6% (52.2% vs. 61.7%, respectively, P<.001). In 4748 patients matched by fall propensity score (2372 in each group), the inverse association between consultation for fall and mortality (HR: 0.705, 95% CI: 0.5880.846) and post-discharge combined adverse event (0.758, 0.701-0.820) remained significant. Factors associated with mortality in patients with falls were ≥80 years (2.097, 1.521-2.891) and comorbidity (2.393, 1.574-3.636) while being female was a protective factor (0.758, 0.584-0.985). Between the factors associated with post-discharge combined adverse hospitalization in the index event was a protective factor (0.804, 0.685-0.943). CONCLUSIONS: Patients over 65 years of age treated in the emergency room for falls have a better prognosis. Hospitalization was a protective factor of combined postdischarge adverse event.

Factores asociados con caídas de pacientes y su relación con la valoración de riesgo / Patient fall risk factors and their relationship with fall risk assessment

Introducción: la seguridad como atributo de la calidad de atención incluye las actividades orientadas a reducir o mitigar un evento adverso. Las caídas intrahospitalarias son un problema grave y una de las principales causas de lesiones, incapacidad e incluso muerte. El profesional de la salud debe realizar la valoración del riesgo del paciente, determinando la probabilidad de sufrir una caída según sus condiciones individuales. Objetivo: describir los factores asociados con caídas de pacientes en el Hospital de San José de Bogotá y su relación con la valoración del riesgo en el período 2018. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal de 90 historias clínicas de pacientes adultos que presentaron este evento adverso. Las variables cuantitativas se reportan como frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Según la Resolución 8430 de 1993 del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia, este estudio se clasifica sin riesgo. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 55 años, 81% estaban clasificados de bajo riesgo, 21% alto, siendo 51% de las valoraciones acorde con la situación del paciente; 38% de las caídas ocurrieron en el baño y con mayor frecuencia (43%) en el turno de la mañana, 27% requirió exámenes adicionales y 12% aumentó la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusión: las caídas constituyen un fenómeno frecuente independiente de la causa de hospitalización, por lo que la "clasificación del riesgo" exige evaluación permanente para conocer los factores predisponentes e intervenir en las causas para mejorar los resultados en salud y favorecer el aprendizaje organizacional.

Introduction: patient safety, as an attribute of quality care, includes actions aimed at reducing or mitigating an adverse event. In-hospital falls are a serious problem and a leading cause of injury, disability, and even death. Patients should be evaluated for fall risk by the healthcare provider, to determine their likelihood of falling, consonantly with their individual features. Objective: to describe patient fall risk factors at Hospital de San José in Bogotá and their relationship to fall risk assessment during 2018. Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study including 90 adult patients in whom this adverse event was reported in their medical records. Quantitative variables were reported as absolute and relative frequencies. This study was classified as non-risk in accordance with Resolution 8430 of 1993 issued by the Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection. Results: the mean age of participants was 55 years, 81% were classified as low risk, 21% as high risk, and in 51% risk assessment correlated with their comorbid conditions; 38% of falls occurred in the bathroom, most of them (43%) in the morning shift, 27% required further scrutiny and 12% were associated with prolonged hospitalization. Conclusion: patient falls are a common event, regardless of the reason for hospitalization, thus, "risk classification" requires permanent evaluation to identify predisposing factors and the implementation of proper interventions to improve health outcomes and promote organizational learning.

Prevenção de quedas em idosos: relato de experiência de formação em serviço para equipe de saúde da família / Prevention of falls in the elderly: report of experience of in-service training for the family health team / prevención de caídas en ancianos: relato de experiencia de capacitación en servicio para el equipo de salud de la familia

A transição demográfica com aumento da expectativa de vida tem colocado em evidência um importante problema de saúde pública: as quedas. As quedas provocam comprometimentos na vida dos idosos, mesmo as ocorrências com lesões de menor gravidade, podem deixar sequelas, produzir impacto significativo na qualidade de vida e colaboram para o aumento da morbidade, em algumas situações, mortalidade. Este estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver um curso de qualificação profissional sobre prevenção de quedas que acometem idosos, para profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família. O cenário de construção da proposta formativa foi o município de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, em três Unidades Básicas de Saúde, com 52 profissionais das estratégias de Saúde da Família, a saber: quatro médicos, três enfermeiros, seis técnicos de enfermagem, três odontólogos, três auxiliares de consultório odontológico, vinte e um agentes comunitários de saúde, quatro fisioterapeutas, dois psicólogos, um terapeuta ocupacional, dois recepcionistas e três higienizadoras. A construção da proposta formativa foi alicerçada nos preceitos teóricos do Arco de Charles Maguerez: observação da realidade, pontos chaves, hipóteses de solução, teorização e aplicação a realidade. Foram realizadas ainda três oficinas formativas em três Unidades básicas de saúde, norteadas pelo método criativo sensível adaptado. Os preceitos éticos foram respeitados e o estudo teve parecer favorável sob o número 5.821.177. O desenvolvimento do curso de qualificação profissional teve duração total de 6 horas aula e estruturou-se em cinco momentos. Observação da realidade: foi realizado um encontro de sensibilização com a gestão, a respeito do tema do projeto, apresentação de dados relativos a morbimortalidade relacionado as quedas; pontos chave: foram contempladas as quedas em idosos como problema de Saúde Coletiva, abordados na primeira oficina formativa com dados pertinentes ao tema; hipóteses de solução: para estruturação do processo formativo foram realizadas pesquisas em bases de dados com vistas a construção do arcabouço teórico sobre a temática; teorização: foi realizada a segunda oficina formativa, oportunizou-se socialização de conhecimentos relacionados à ocorrência, causas, locais, consequências e/ou complicações decorrentes das quedas, bem como início da construção de um material didático sobre prevenção de quedas; aplicação a realidade: foi o momento de abordarmos a prevenção na prática, discutiu-se sobre o tema durante a terceira oficina formativa, bem como apresentou-se o material elaborado com a colaboração dos profissionais e apresentação do Setor de Prevenção de Quedas. O desenvolvimento da proposta formativa oportunizou ampliar conhecimentos sobre quedas e as formas de atuação multiprofissional, colaborando para integração entre os membros das equipes e consequentemente qualificando assistência e ações à saúde do idoso. Esse processo formativo gerou aplicabilidade de um material didático na prática dos processos de trabalho das equipes de Saúde da Família e criação de um serviço municipal de prevenção de quedas.

The demographic transition with increased life expectancy has highlighted an important public health problem: falls. Falls in the elderly cause impairments in the lives of the elderly, even occurrences with minor injuries, can leave sequelae, produce a significant impact on quality of life and contribute to increased morbidity, in some situations, mortality. This study aimed to develop a professional qualification course on the prevention of falls that affect the elderly, for professionals of the Family Health strategies. The construction scenario of the formative proposal was the municipality of Balneário Gaivota, State of Santa Catarina, in three Basic Health Units, with 52 professionals of the Family Health strategies, namely: four doctors, three nurses, six nursing technicians, three dentists, three dental office assistants, twenty-one community health agents, four physiotherapists, two psychologists, one occupational therapist, two receptionists and three sanitizers. The construction of the formative proposal was based on the theoretical precepts of Charles Maguerez's Arch: observation of reality, key points, hypotheses of solution, theorization and application to reality. Three training workshops were also held in three Basic Health Units, guided by the adapted sensitive creative method. The ethical precepts were respected and the study had a favorable opinion under the number 5,821,17. The development of the Professional Qualification Course had a total duration of 6 hours/class and was structured in five moments; Observation of reality: a sensitization meeting was held with the management, regarding the theme of the project, presentation of data related to morbidity and mortality related to falls; Key points: falls in the elderly were considered as a Collective Health problem, addressed in the first formative workshop with data pertinent to the theme; Hypotheses of solution: to structure the formative process, searches were carried out in databases with a view to the construction of the theoretical framework on the theme; Theorization: the second formative workshop was held, socialization of knowledge related to the occurrence, causes, places, consequences and/or complications resulting from falls was provided, as well as the beginning of the construction of a didactic material on fall prevention; Application to reality: It was the moment to address prevention in practice, it was discussed on the subject during the third formative workshop, as well as the material elaborated with the collaboration of the professionals and presentation of Sector of Prevention of Falls. The development of the formative proposal provided the opportunity to expand knowledge about falls and the forms of multiprofessional action, collaborating for integration among team members and consequently qualifying care and actions for the health of the elderly. This formative process generated the applicability of a didactic material in the practice of the work processes of the Family Health teams and the creation of a municipal service for the prevention of falls.

La transición demográfica con el aumento de la esperanza de vida ha puesto de relieve un importante problema de salud pública: las caídas. Las caídas causan deficiencias en la vida de los ancianos, incluso ocurrencias con lesiones leves, pueden dejar secuelas, producir un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida y contribuir al aumento de la morbilidad, en algunas situaciones, la mortalidad. Desarrollar un curso de cualificación profesional sobre prevención de caídas que afectan a personas mayores, para profesionales de estrategias de Salud de la Familia. Métodos: el escenario de construcción de la propuesta formativa fue la ciudad de Balneário Gaivota, Estado de Santa Catarina, en tres Unidades Básicas de Salud, con 52 profesionales de las estrategias Salud de la Familia, a saber: cuatro médicos, tres enfermeros, seis técnicos de enfermería, tres odontólogos, tres auxiliares de odontólogo, veintiún agentes comunitarios de salud, cuatro fisioterapeutas, dos psicólogos, un terapeuta ocupacional, dos recepcionistas y tres desinfectantes. La construcción de la propuesta formativa se basó en los preceptos teóricos del Arco de Carlos Maguérez: observación de la realidad, puntos clave, hipótesis de solución, teorización y aplicación a la realidad. También se realizaron tres talleres de capacitación en tres unidades básicas de salud, guiados por el método creativo sensible adaptado. Se respetaron los preceptos éticos y el estudio tuvo una opinión favorable bajo el número 5.821.177. Resultados: el desarrollo del curso de cualificación profesional tuvo una duración total de 6 horas/clase y se estructuró en cinco momentos. Observación de la realidad: se realizó una reunión de sensibilización con la dirección, sobre el tema del proyecto, presentación de datos relacionados con la morbilidad y mortalidad relacionadas con las caídas; Puntos clave: las caídas en los ancianos fueron consideradas como un problema de Salud Colectiva, abordado en el primer taller de capacitación con datos pertinentes al tema; Hipótesis de solución: Para estructurar el proceso de formación, se realizó una investigación en bases de datos con el objetivo de construir el marco teórico sobre el tema; Teorización: se realizó el segundo taller formativo, se brindó socialización de conocimientos relacionados con la ocurrencia, causas, lugares, consecuencias y/o complicaciones resultantes de caídas, así como el inicio de la construcción de un material didáctico sobre prevención de caídas; Aplicación a la realidad: fue el momento de abordar la prevención en la práctica, el tema se discutió durante el tercer taller de capacitación, así como el material elaborado con la colaboración de profesionales y se presentó la presentación del Sector de Prevención de Caídas. El desarrollo de la propuesta formativa brindó la oportunidad de ampliar el conocimiento sobre las caídas y las formas de acción multiprofesional, colaborando para la integración entre los miembros del equipo y, en consecuencia, calificando los cuidados y acciones para la salud de las personas mayores. Este proceso formativo generó la aplicabilidad de un material didáctico en la práctica de los procesos de trabajo de los equipos de Salud de la Familia y la creación de un servicio municipal para la prevención de caídas.

Prevenção de quedas na hospitalização: oportunidades educativas na perspectiva dos trabalhadores de Enfermagem* / Preventing falls during hospitalization: educational opportunities from the perspective of Nursing staff / Prevención de caídas durante la hospitalización: oportunidades educativas desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de Enfermería

Objetivo: descrever as oportunidades educativas identificadas pelos trabalhadores de Enfermagem para prevenir as quedas de pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com 21 trabalhadores de Enfermagem de um hospital universitário no sul do Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu de março a maio de 2020, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidas à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: foram descritas pelos trabalhadores a necessidade de as ações educativas atingirem os envolvidos na prevenção das quedas, emergindo as categorias: Protagonismo do paciente na prevenção das quedas: a educação como estratégia para a percepção do risco; O desafio do envolvimento do familiar/acompanhante como potencializador do cuidado; Dialogicidade na prevenção das quedas: uma reflexão sobre o fazer diário. Conclusão: os trabalhadores identificaram as oportunidades de investimento na educação e na formação, considerando as experiências prévias e o contexto social, criando percursos de aprendizagem, testando novas abordagens para a prevenção de quedas e aprimorando seu papel educativo.

Objective: to describe the educational opportunities identified by Nursing staff to prevent falls in hospitalized adult patients. Method: This is a qualitative, descriptive study with 21 Nursing workers from a university hospital in southern Brazil. Data collection took place from March to May 2020, with semi-structured interviews, submitted to Content Analysis. Results: workers described the need for educational actions to reach those involved in fall prevention, and the following categories emerged: Patient protagonism in fall prevention: education as a strategy for risk perception; The challenge of involving the family member/companion as an enhancer of care; Dialogicity in fall prevention: a reflection on daily practice. Conclusion: workers identified opportunities to invest in education and training, taking into account previous experiences and the social context, creating learning paths, testing new approaches to fall prevention, and improving their educational role.

Objetivo: describir las oportunidades educativas identificadas por los trabajadores de Enfermería para prevenir caídas en pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, con 21 trabajadores de Enfermería de un hospital universitario del sur de Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó de marzo a mayo de 2020, con entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidas a Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: los trabajadores describieron la necesidad de acciones educativas para llegar a los involucrados en la prevención de caídas, surgiendo las siguientes categorías: Papel del paciente en la prevención de caídas: la educación como estrategia para la percepción del riesgo; El desafío de la participación de la familia/acompañante como potenciador del cuidado; Diálogo en la prevención de caídas: una reflexión sobre la práctica diaria. Conclusión: los trabajadores identificaron oportunidades de inversión en educación y capacitación, considerando experiencias anteriores y el contexto social, creando caminos de aprendizaje, probando nuevos enfoques para prevenir caídas y mejorar su rol educativo.

Diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa / Diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores: revisión integradora / Fall prevention diagram for older adults: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Propor um diagrama de prevenção de quedas para pessoas idosas, baseado no Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Nola Pender. Métodos A construção do diagrama foi embasada no modelo de Nola Pender e em seus elementos. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de revisão integrativa, com o objetivo de coletar dados sobre características e experiências individuais, sentimentos e conhecimentos e adoção de comportamento saudável para prevenção de quedas. Após a coleta dessas informações, realizou-se análise de similitude dos estudos selecionados por meio do IRaMuTeQ. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude facilitaram o agrupamento dos estudos quanto aos elementos encontrados e, assim, proporcionaram a organização do diagrama de prevenção de quedas. Resultados A amostra final foi constituída de 54 artigos, divididos de acordo com os elementos do modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordavam características e experiências individuais, 40 sentimentos e conhecimentos, e 20 eram referentes ao comportamento. Os elementos obtidos da análise de similitude geraram um leque semântico de palavras mais frequentes: queda, prevenção, mulher e medo. Já as palavras menos frequentes foram cognição, autoeficácia, transporte e planejamento, os quais contribuíram para a construção do diagrama. Conclusão A partir da revisão, elaborou-se um diagrama, que favoreceu a identificação dos fatores pessoais, barreiras e facilidades, para um comportamento desejável à prevenção de quedas.

Resumen Objetivo Proponer un diagrama de prevención de caídas para personas mayores, basado en el modelo de promoción de la salud de Nola Pender. Métodos La elaboración del diagrama se basó en el modelo de Nola Pender y sus elementos. Para tal fin, se realizó un estudio de revisión integradora con el objetivo de recopilar datos sobre características y experiencias individuales, sentimientos y conocimientos y adopción de un comportamiento saludable para la prevención de caídas. Después de recopilar la información, se realizó un análisis de similitud de los estudios seleccionados mediante IRaMuTeQ. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud permitieron agrupar los estudios respecto a los elementos encontrados y, de esta forma, proporcionaron la organización del diagrama de prevención de caídas. Resultados La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 54 artículos, divididos de acuerdo con los elementos del modelo de Nola Pender: 36 abordaban características y experiencias individuales, 40 sentimientos y conocimientos y 20 eran sobre el comportamiento. Los elementos obtenidos del análisis de similitud generaron un conjunto semántico de palabras más frecuentes: caída, prevención, mujer y miedo. Por otro lado, las palabras menos frecuentes fueron: cognición, autoeficacia, transporte y planificación, que contribuyeron para la elaboración del diagrama. Conclusión A partir de la revisión, se elaboró un diagrama que favoreció la identificación de los factores personales, barreras y facilidades para un comportamiento conveniente en la prevención de caídas.

Abstract Objective To propose a fall prevention diagram for older adults, based on Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model. Methods Diagram construction was based on Nola Pender's model and its elements. For this, an integrative review study was carried out with the objective of collecting data on individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect and behavioral outcome for fall prevention. After collecting this information, a similarity analysis of the selected studies was carried out using IRaMuTeQ. The elements obtained from similarity analysis facilitated the grouping of studies regarding the elements found and thus provided fall prevention diagram organization. Results The final sample consisted of 54 articles, divided according to the elements of Nola Pender's model: 36 addressed individual characteristics and experiences, 40 referred to behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and 20 referred to behavioral outcome. The elements obtained from the similarity analysis generated a semantic range of the most frequent words: fall, prevention, woman and fear. The least frequent words were cognition, self-efficacy, transportation and planning, which contributed to diagram construction. Conclusion From the review, a diagram was prepared, which favored identifying personal factors, barriers and facilities for a desirable behavior to prevent falls.

Prevenção de quedas no contexto hospitalar: Perspectiva dos residentes de enfermagem à luz da teoria ambientalista / Preventing falls in the hospital context: Perspective of nursing residents in light of environmental theory / Prevención de caídas en el contexto hospitalario: perspectiva de los residentes de enfermería a la luz de la teoría ambiental

Objetivo: identificar e analisar a perspectiva dos residentes de enfermagem sobre prevenção de quedas no ambiente hospitalar à luz da teoria ambientalista de Florence Nigthingale. Métodos: estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa. Esse trabalho é oriundo da dissertação intitulada.: Medidas educativas implementadas por enfermeiros residentes aos pacientes vulneráveis a quedas no contexto hospitalar. Resultados: os participantes entendem que o ambiente hospitalar pode influenciar o risco de quedas. Entre os fatores ambientais mais citados são grades não elevados; Distância dos leitos do posto de enfermagem; banheiros insalubres. Conclusão: os residentes demonstraram compreender quais são os fatores ambientais que impactam na queda e quais as ações pré estabelecidas para prevenir a ocorrências de quedas. No entanto uma amostra maior, com método quantitativo, pode ser benéfico em estudos futuros

Objective: to identify the perspective of nursing residents in the hospital environment on environmental factors in preventing falls; Analyze environmental factors and correlate them with Florence Nigthingale's environmental theory. Methods: the present study is descriptive-exploratory in nature, with a qualitative data approach. This work comes from the dissertation entitled: Educational measures implemented by resident nurses for patients vulnerable to falls in the hospital context. Results: participants understand that the hospital environment can influence the risk of falls. Among the most cited environmental factors are non-elevated railings; Distance of beds from the nursing station; unsanitary bathrooms. Conclusion: residents demonstrated an understanding of the environmental factors that impact falls and what pre-established actions are taken to prevent falls from occurring. However, a larger sample, with a quantitative method, could be beneficial in future studies

Objetivos:identificar la perspectiva de los residentes de enfermería en el ambiente hospitalario sobre los factores ambientales en la prevención de caídas; Analizar los factores ambientales y correlacionarlos con la teoría ambiental de Florence Nigthingale. Métodos: el presente estudio es de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio, con un enfoque de datos cualitativos. Este trabajo surge de la disertación titulada: Medidas educativas implementadas por enfermeros residentes para pacientes vulnerables a caídas en el contexto hospitalario. Resultados: los participantes entienden que el ambiente hospitalario puede influir en el riesgo de caídas. Entre los factores ambientales más citados se encuentran las barandillas no elevadas; Distancia de las camas desde el puesto de enfermería; baños insalubres. Conclusión: los residentes demostraron comprensión de los factores ambientales que impactan las caídas y qué acciones preestablecidas se toman para evitar que ocurran caídas. Sin embargo, una muestra más grande, con un método cuantitativo, podría resultar beneficiosa en futuros estudios

Interprofessional approach to fall prevention in hospital care / Enfoque interprofesional para la prevención de caídas en la atención hospitalaria / Abordagem interprofissional na prevenção de quedas na assistência hospitalar

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception and experience of health professionals regarding fall prevention practices in hospital inpatient units. Method: This is a qualitative exploratory and descriptive case study based on the Canadian framework of interprofessional competences. Data was collected from two focus groups, with different health professionals in each group, and thematic content analysis was used. Results: Five categories were drawn up which showed intense convergence between the participants of the two focus groups, within the context of fall prevention practices: communication between professionals and patients/carers for fall prevention, interprofessional communication for fall prevention, clarification of roles for fall prevention, health education about risk and fall prevention and continuing education for fall prevention. Conclusion: Teamwork and collaborative practice are important for achieving good results in the prevention of falls in hospital care, but for this to happen, health professionals need to acquire the necessary competences for collaborative action.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la percepción y experiencia de los profesionales de la salud en relación a las prácticas de prevención de caídas en unidades de internación hospitalaria. Método: Se trata de un estudio de caso cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, basado en el marco canadiense de competencias interprofesionales. Se recogieron datos de dos grupos focales, con diferentes profesionales sanitarios en cada grupo, y se utilizó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se elaboraron cinco categorías que mostraron una intensa convergencia entre los participantes de los dos grupos focales, en el contexto de las prácticas de prevención de caídas: comunicación entre profesionales y pacientes/cuidadores para la prevención de caídas, comunicación interprofesional para la prevención de caídas, clarificación de roles para la prevención de caídas, educación sanitaria sobre riesgos y prevención de caídas y formación continuada para la prevención de caídas. Conclusión: El trabajo en equipo y la práctica colaborativa son importantes para conseguir buenos resultados en la prevención de caídas en la atención hospitalaria, pero para ello es necesario que los profesionales sanitarios adquieran las competencias necesarias para la acción colaborativa.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a percepção e a experiência vivenciada pelos profissionais de saúde quanto às práticas de prevenção de quedas na unidade de internação hospitalar. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do tipo exploratório e descritivo, na modalidade estudo de caso, desenvolvido com base no referencial canadense de competências interprofissionais. Os dados foram coletados através de dois grupos focais, com profissionais de saúde diferentes em cada grupo, utilizando análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Foram elaboradas cinco categorias que mostraram intensa convergência entre os participantes dos dois grupos focais, dentro do contexto das práticas para prevenção de quedas: comunicação entre profissionais e pacientes/acompanhantes para a prevenção de quedas, comunicação interprofissional para a prevenção de quedas, clarificação de papéis para a prevenção de quedas, educação em saúde sobre risco e prevenção de quedas e educação permanente para a prevenção de quedas. Conclusão: O trabalho em equipe e a prática colaborativa são importantes para atingir bons resultados na prevenção de quedas na assistência hospitalar, mas para isso os profissionais de saúde precisam se apropriar das competências necessárias para o agir colaborativo.

Technological prospecting of patents related to monitoring accidents due to falls in hospitals / Prospección tecnológica de patentes relacionadas con el seguimiento de accidentes por caídas en hospitales / Prospecção tecnológica de patentes relacionadas ao monitoramento de acidentes por quedas em hospitais

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the production of technologies aimed at monitoring falls in a hospital environment protected by registered patents. Methods: a technological prospecting of international patents, with a quantitative approach, with search carried out between February and March 2022 in the Derwent Innovations Index database with descriptors fall, hospital, monitoring. Results: 212 patents were found, with the majority filed and published since 2010, by Tran B (9) and Cerner Innovation Inc (9), focused on health technology. Universities were responsible for 13% of deposits. There was a predominance of records from the United States (43.4%), China (21.7%) and Japan (12.3%), in addition to technological strategies classified as devices for the environment (80.7%) and for preventing falls (66.5%) as well as trend towards resources with multiple functionalities in the same technology. Conclusions: the plurality of functions in the same device reflects the search for optimizing resources and the concern with comprehensive care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear la producción de tecnologías destinadas al monitoreo de caídas en un ambiente hospitalario protegido por patentes registradas. Métodos: prospección tecnológica de patentes internacionales, con enfoque cuantitativo, con búsqueda realizada entre febrero y marzo de 2022 en la base de datos Derwent Innovations Index con los descriptores caída, hospital, monitoreo. Resultados: se encontraron 212 patentes, la mayoría presentadas y publicadas desde 2010, por Tran B (9) y Cerner Innovation Inc (9), enfocadas en tecnología de la salud. Las universidades fueron responsables del 13% de los depósitos. Hubo predominio de registros de Estados Unidos (43,4%), China (21,7%) y Japón (12,3%), además de estrategias tecnológicas catalogadas como dispositivos ambientales (80,7%) y para prevenir caídas (66,5%), así como la tendencia hacia recursos con múltiples funcionalidades en una misma tecnología. Conclusiones: la pluralidad de funciones en un mismo dispositivo refleja la búsqueda de optimización de recursos y la preocupación por la atención integral.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear a produção de tecnologias voltadas para monitoramento de quedas em ambiente hospitalar protegidas por patentes registradas. Métodos: prospecção tecnológica de patentes internacionais, com abordagem quantitativa, com busca realizada entre fevereiro e março de 2022 na base Derwent Innovations Index com os descritores fall, hospital, monitoring. Resultados: foram encontradas 212 patentes, com maioria depositada e publicada a partir de 2010, por Tran B (9) e Cerner Innovation Inc (9), focadas em tecnologia em saúde. As universidades foram responsáveis por 13% dos depósitos. Houve predomínio de registros dos Estados Unidos (43,4%), da China (21,7%) e Japão (12,3%), além de estratégias tecnológicas classificadas como dispositivos para ambiente (80,7%) e para prevenção de quedas (66,5%), bem como a tendência de recursos com múltiplas funcionalidades em uma mesma tecnologia. Conclusões: a pluralidade de funções em um mesmo dispositivo reflete a busca pela otimização dos recursos e a preocupação com a integralidade do cuidado.

Funcionalidad familiar y riesgo de caídas en adultos mayores hospitalizados

Introducción: La familia es una importante red de apoyo social para el adulto mayor, dado que en esta etapa se experimentan grandes cambios físicos y sociales. El adulto mayor al ser hospitalizado, además de su enfermedad, enfrenta riesgos como caídas, las cuales generan un daño adicional al paciente, que pueden alterar su recuperación y estancia. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre funcionalidad familiar y riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor hospitalizado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico, comparativo, en adultos mayores de 65 años hospitalizados en urgencias de un hospital de segundo nivel. La muestra se calculó con la fórmula para dos proporciones, n=61 sujetos por grupo. Grupo 1: adulto mayor con familia funcional y Grupo 2: adulto mayor con familia disfuncional; el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, escolaridad, funcionalidad familiar, riesgo de caída, indicación de familiar a permanencia y contar con familiar acompañante. Con previo consentimiento informado, se aplicó el test APGAR familiar para funcionalidad y la escala Newman para riesgo de caídas. El análisis estadístico descriptivo se realizó con frecuencias, promedios, porcentajes e IC al 95 %; el análisis inferencial con t de Student, chi cuadrado y odds ratio. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 70,90 (IC 95 % 69,4-72,4) y 73,77 (IC 95 % 71,8-75,5) años. En ambos grupos predominaron los hombres y grado de escolaridad primaria. El 70,5 % de pacientes en Grupo 2 no contó con acompañantes a pesar de que 49,2 % tenía indicado familiar permanente. Existió mayor riesgo de caídas en el grupo de familia disfuncional con 50,8 % y 27,9 % para el grupo de familia funcional (p=0,030). Conclusiones: Un factor protector de los adultos mayores con riesgo bajo de caída hospitalaria, es la familia funcional, además de, un familiar acompañante durante su hospitalización.

Introduction: The family is an important social support network for the elderly, since great physical and social changes are experienced at this stage. The older adult, when hospitalized in addition to his illness, faces risks such as falls, which generate additional damage to the patient, altering his recovery and stay. Objective: To determine the association between family functionality and risk of falls in hospitalized older adults. Methods: Analytical, comparative, cross-sectional study in adults over 65 years of age hospitalized in the emergency room of a second level hospital. The sample was calculated with the formula for two proportions, n=61 subjects per group. Group 1: elderly with a functional family, group 2: elderly with a dysfunctional family; the sampling was non-probabilistic for convenience. The variables studied were age, sex, schooling, family functionality, risk of falling, indication of a family member for permanence, and having an accompanying family member. With prior informed consent, the family APGAR test for functionality and the Newman scale for risk of falls were applied to the elderly. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed with frequencies, means, percentages and 95 % CI; inferential analysis with student's t test, chi-square, and odds ratio. Results: The average age was 70.90 (95 % CI 69.4-72.4) and 73.77 (95 % CI 71.8-75.5) years. In both groups, men and primary school level predominate. 70.5 % of patients in group 2 do not have an accompanying family member despite the fact that 49.2 % had a permanent family member indicated. There is a higher risk of falls in the dysfunctional family group with 50.8 % and 27.9 % for the functional family group (p=0.030). Conclusions: A protective factor for older adults with a low risk of hospital fall is the functional family and also an accompanying family member during their hospitalization.

Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety Brazil Program: an evaluability study in a teaching hospital / Programa Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety Brasil: estudio de evaluabilidad en hospital de enseñanza / Programa Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety Brasil: estudo de avaliabilidade em hospital de ensino

ABSTRACT Objectives: to present the theoretical model, logic model, and the analysis and judgment matrix of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. Methods: a qualitative, participatory research approach, in the form of an evaluability study, encompassing the phases (1) problem analysis; (2) program design, development, and adaptation to the Brazilian context; (3) program dissemination. Data were collected through document analysis and workshops. Results: through document analysis, workshops with stakeholders from the participating institution, and validation with key informants, it was possible to identify the program's objectives, expected outcomes, and the target audience. This allowed the construction of theoretical and logic models and, through evaluative questions, the identification of indicators for the evaluation of the Fall TIPS Brazil Program. Final Considerations: this study has provided insights into the Fall TIPS program, the topic of hospital fall prevention, and the proposed models and indicators can be employed in the implementation and future evaluative processes of the program.

RESUMEN Objetivos: presentar el modelo teórico, modelo lógico y matriz de análisis y juicio del programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, participativa tipo estudio de evaluabilidad, que abarca las fases (1) análisis del problema; (2) diseño, desarrollo y adaptación del programa a la realidad brasileña; (3) difusión del programa. Los datos se recopilaron mediante análisis documental y talleres. Resultados: a través del análisis documental, talleres con partes interesadas de la institución participante y validación con informantes clave, se pudieron identificar los objetivos del programa, los resultados esperados y el público beneficiario, construir los modelos teórico y lógico y, a través de preguntas evaluativas, señalar indicadores para la evaluación del programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Consideraciones Finales: el estudio aportó conocimientos sobre el programa Fall TIPS, sobre la temática de prevención de caídas en hospitales, y los modelos e indicadores propuestos pueden ser utilizados en la implementación y en futuros procesos de evaluación del programa.

RESUMO Objetivos: apresentar o modelo teórico, modelo lógico e matriz de análise e julgamento do programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, participativa do tipo estudo de avaliabilidade, contempla as fases (1) análise do problema; (2) design, desenvolvimento e adaptação do programa à realidade brasileira; (3) disseminação do programa. Os dados foram coletados por análise documental e oficinas. Resultados: a partir da análise documental, oficinas com stakeholders da instituição participante e validação junto a informantes-chave, foi possível identificar os objetivos do programa, os resultados esperados e o público beneficiado, construir os modelos teórico e lógico e, mediante perguntas avaliativas, apontar indicadores para a avaliação do programa Fall TIPS Brasil. Considerações Finais: o estudo trouxe conhecimentos sobre o programa Fall TIPS, sobre a temática de prevenção de quedas hospitalares, e os modelos e indicadores propostos podem ser empregados na implantação e em processos avaliativos futuros do programa.

Fatores associados à capacidade funcional em pessoas idosas no serviço de emergência / Factores asociados a la capacidad funcional de personas mayores en servicios de emergencia / Factors associated with functional capacity in older adults in emergency services

Resumo Objetivo Relacionar variáveis sociodemográficas, econômicas, clínicas e ter ou não cuidador, risco de queda e percepção do risco de quedas com a capacidade funcional em pessoas idosas em um Serviço de Emergência. Métodos Estudo transversal e analítico, realizado entre setembro de 2019 e março de 2020, no Serviço de Emergência, com 197 pessoas idosas. Foi aplicado questionário com informações sociodemográficas, econômicas e clínicas; e os instrumentos: Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire, Morse Falls Scale, Índice de Katz e Escala de Lawton. Para comparar o Índice de Katz e a Escala de Lawton; e associar a Morse Falls Scale com as variáveis contínuas foram utilizados, respectivamente, o teste de Kruskal Wallis e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Para associar Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire com as variáveis categóricas utilizou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e o teste de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados Os nãos letrados (p<0,0001) e com menor renda (p=0,0446) tiveram menor escore no Índice de Katz, isto é, apresentaram maior percentual de totalmente dependentes. Os divorciados (p=0,0004) e sem cuidador (p<0,0001) apresentaram maior escore na Escala de Lawton, ou seja, maior grau de independência. A maior percepção dos riscos de queda (p=0,0403) associou-se à menor independência para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária. O risco baixo de quedas (p<0,0001) associou-se à maior independência para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Não houve associação entre percepção do risco de queda (p=0,2693) e risco de queda (p=0,4984) com o Índice de Katz. Conclusão A menor escolaridade e renda associaram-se com a dependência para atividades de vida diária. Ser divorciado e não ter cuidador associaram-se com a independência para atividades instrumentais de vida diária. Não houve associação entre a percepção do risco de queda e o risco de queda com as atividades de vida diária. A maior percepção dos riscos de queda associou-se à menor independência e o risco baixo de quedas associou-se à maior independência para as atividades instrumentais de vida diária.

Resumen Objetivo Relacionar variables sociodemográficas, económicas, clínicas y tener o no tener cuidador, riesgo de caída y percepción del riesgo de caída con la capacidad funcional de personas mayores en un servicio de emergencia. Métodos Estudio transversal y analítico, realizado entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020 en un servicio de emergencia con 197 personas mayores. Se aplicó un cuestionario con información sociodemográfica, económica y clínica; y se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire, Morse Falls Scale, Índice de Katz y Escala de Lawton. Para comparar el Índice de Katz y la Escala de Lawton se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal Wallis, y para asociar la Morse Falls Scale con las variables continuas se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Para asociar el Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire con las variables categóricas se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney y la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados Las personas no letradas (p<0,0001) y con menores ingresos (p=0,0446) tuvieron un puntaje menor en el Índice de Katz, es decir, presentaron un mayor porcentaje de totalmente dependientes. Los divorciados (p=0,0004) y sin cuidador (p<0,0001) presentaron mayor puntaje en la Escala de Lawton, es decir, mayor nivel de independencia. Una mayor percepción de los riesgos de caída (p=0,0403) se asoció a una menor independencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. El bajo riesgo de caída (p<0,0001) se asoció a una mayor independencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. No hubo asociación entre percepción del riesgo de caída (p=0,2693) y riesgo de caída (p=0,4984) con el Índice de Katz. Conclusión Una menor escolaridad y menores ingresos se asociaron con la dependencia para actividades de la vida diaria. Ser divorciado y no tener cuidador se asoció con la independencia para actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. No hubo asociación entre la percepción del riesgo de caída y el riesgo de caída con las actividades de la vida diaria. Una mayor percepción de los riesgos de caída se asoció a una menor independencia y el bajo riesgo de caída se asoció a una mayor independencia para las actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria.

Abstract Objective To relate sociodemographic, economic and clinical variables and having or not having a caregiver, risk for falls and perception of the risk for falls with the functional capacity of older adults in an Emergency Department. Methods Analytical cross-sectional study of 197 older adults conducted in the Emergency Department between September 2019 and March 2020. A questionnaire with sociodemographic, economic and clinical information was applied, as well as the instruments: Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire, Morse Falls Scale, Katz Index and Lawton Scale. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the Katz Index and the Lawton Scale, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was used to associate the Morse Falls Scale with continuous variables. The Mann-Whitney test and the Kruskal Wallis test were used to associate the Falls Risk Awareness Questionnaire with the categorical variables. Results Illiterate patients (p<0.0001) with lower income (p=0.0446) had a lower score on the Katz Index, that is, they presented a higher percentage of totally dependent people. Divorced older adults (p=0.0004) without a caregiver (p<0.0001) had a higher score on the Lawton Scale, that is, a greater degree of independence. The greater perception of risk for falls (p=0.0403) was associated with less independence for instrumental activities of daily living. The low risk for falls (p<0.0001) was associated with greater independence for instrumental activities of daily living. There was no association between perceived risk for falls (p=0.2693) and risk for falls (p=0.4984) with the Katz Index. Conclusion Lower education and income were associated with dependence for activities of daily living. Being divorced and not having a caregiver were associated with independence in instrumental activities of daily living. There was no association between the perception of risk for falls and the risk for falls with activities of daily living. The greater perception of risk for falls was associated with less independence, and the low risk for falls was associated with greater independence for instrumental activities of daily living.