Trend on Mortality of Gastric Cancer and Cause-eliminated Life Expectancy from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To analyze the mortality characteristics and trends and the cause-eliminated life expectancy of gastric cancer in Harbin City from 1987 to 2019. Methods Mortality data of residents with gastric cancer from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin was analyzed to describe the mortality characteristics and trends of gastric cancer. Abridged life table and cause-eliminated life table were applied to calculate life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated with Joinpoint 4.2 software to evaluate the trends of mortality and cause-eliminated life expectancy of gastric cancer. Results From 1987 to 2019, the crude mortality, ASMRC and ASMRW and the truncated rate (35-64) were 14.3/105, 10.9/105, 10.9/105, and 13.5/105, respectively. The ASMRC showed an obvious decreasing trend at an average annual rate of 2.9% from 1987 to 2019 (95%CI: -4.4%--1.4%). Significant decreasing trends were observed for males (AAPC=-3.0%, 95%CI: -4.4%--1.7%) and females (AAPC=-3.1%, 95%CI: -5.3%--0.9%). An obvious decreasing trend in the ASMRW was also observed. The truncated rate (35-64) showed a downward trend (AAPC=-2.8%, 95%CI: -3.1%--2.5%). The average life expectancy of residents from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin were 76.78 years (male: 74.41 years, female: 79.33 years). After eliminating the causes of death of gastric cancer, the life expectancy increased by 0.25 years (male: 0.31 years, female: 0.18 years). Significant decreasing trends were found in the proportion of gastric cancer in all malignant cancer cases (AAPC=-0.18%, 95%CI: -2.0%--1.7%). Conclusion The mortality of gastric cancer decreases gradually from 1987 to 2019 in Harbin. After eliminating the causes of death of gastric cancer, the life expectancy increases by 0.25 years. Therefore, prevention and control should be strengthened.

The Causes of Death and Their Influence in Life Expectancy of Children Aged 5-14 Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries From 1990 to 2019.

Introduction: Although child and adolescent health is the core of the global health agenda, the cause of death and its expected contribution to life expectancy (LE) among those aged 5-14 are under-researched across countries, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Death rates per 10 years age group including a 5-14-year-old group were calculated by the formula, which used the population and the number of deaths segmented by the cause of death and gender from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. LE and cause-eliminated LE in 10-year intervals were calculated by using life tables. Results: In 2019, the global mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years was 0.522 (0.476-0.575) per 1,000, and its LF was 71.377 years. In different-income regions, considerable heterogeneity remains in the ranking of cause of death aged 5-14 years. The top three causes of death in low-income countries (LICs) are enteric infections [0.141 (0.098-0.201) per 1,000], other infectious diseases [0.103 (0.073-0.148) per 1,000], and neglected tropical diseases and malaria [0.102 (0.054-0.172) per 1,000]. Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.085, 0.062, and 0.061 years, respectively. The top three causes of death in upper-middle income countries (upper MICs) are unintentional injuries [0.066 (0.061-0.072) per 1,000], neoplasm [0.046 (0.041-0.050) per 1,000], and transport injuries [0.045 (0.041-0.049) per 1,000]. Eliminating these mortality rates can increase the life expectancy of the 5-14 age group by 0.045, 0.031, and 0.030 years, respectively. Conclusion: The mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 5-14 years among LMICs remains high. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in the main causes of death among regions. According to the main causes of death at 5-14 years old in different regions and countries at different economic levels, governments should put their priority in tailoring their own strategies to decrease preventable mortality.

Cancer Mortality and Cause Eliminated Life Expectancy in Key Areas of Four Provinces - China, 2008-2018.

Introduction: Cancer is a major health problem in China. Integrated interventions have been implemented in key areas of Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu, and Shandong provinces with historically higher than average cancer mortality. Assessing the cancer mortality trend and its impact on life expectancy (LE) could help evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in these regions. Methods: Based on the National Cause-of-Death Surveillance, we analyzed the standardized mortality rate (SMR) of cancer, cause eliminated life expectancy (CELE), potential gains in life expectancy (PGLEs), and rate of life lost in key areas of 4 provinces from 2008 to 2018. Joinpoint program was used to compute the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of cancer mortality. Arriaga's decomposition method was used to estimate the contribution of cancer to LE in each age group. Results: From 2008 to 2018, cancer SMR decreased in the study region (AAPC=-3.09%, P<0.001), which increased LE. The positive effect was the greatest in the 75-79 age group (0.120 years, 2.90%), and the negative effect was the greatest in the 50-54 age group (-0.094 years, -2.20%). Compared to 2008, cancer CELE increased by 3.95 years, PGLEs increased by 0.32 years, and rate of life lost increased by 0.21% in 2018. Conclusions: Cancer SMR decreased in key areas of 4 provinces from 2008 to 2018. This change had a positive effect on the increase of LE. However, the rate of life lost due to cancer increased. Integrated interventions should continue to further reduce the cancer burden.

Association of Major Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases and Life Expectancy in China, 2019.

This study aimed to illustrate the association of four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes) with life expectancy (LE) of Chinese residents in 2019 and to provide an evidence base for the scientific prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in China. The abbreviated life and cause-eliminated life tables were compiled according to the Jiang Qing Lang method recommended by WHO (World Health Organization) to calculate LE and cause-eliminated life expectancy (CELE) in 2019. The disease that had the greatest association with the LE of Chinese residents was cardiovascular disease (CVD), with the LE increasing by 8.13 years after removing CVD deaths. This was followed by cancer (2.68 years), respiratory diseases (0.88 years), and diabetes (0.24 years). The four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were the main diseases affecting the health of Chinese residents. CVD should be prevented and treated as the key disease among the chronic diseases, while women and rural people should be the major focus of health knowledge promotion. All residents should be encouraged to develop a good understanding of self-protection and of how to achieve a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of death and to improve their quality of life and health in general.

Loss of life expectancy due to respiratory infectious diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study in 195 countries and territories 1990-2017.

Understanding of the patterns of and changes in mortality from respiratory infectious diseases (RID) and its contribution to loss of life expectancy (LE) is inadequate in the existing literature. With rapid sociodemographic changes globally, and the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is timely to revisit the disease burden of RID. Using the approaches of life table and cause-eliminated life table based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), the study analyses loss of LE due to RID in 195 countries/territories and its changes during the period 1990-2017. Results indicate that loss of LE due to RID stood at 1.29 years globally in 2017 globally and varied widely by age, gender, and geographic location, with men, elderly people, and populations in middle/low income countries/territories suffering a disproportionately high loss of LE due to RID. Additionally, loss of LE due to RID decreased remarkably by 0.97 years globally during the period 1990-2017 but increased slightly among populations older than 70 years and in many high income countries/territories. Results suggest that RID still pose a severe threat for population and public health, and that amid dramatic sociodemographic changes globally, the disease burden of RID may resurge. The study presents the first examination of the life-shortening effect of RID at the global and country/territory levels, providing new understanding of the changing disease burden of RID and shedding light on the potential consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Trends in mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and effects on life expectancy in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020 / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and to examine the effects on life expectancy among residents in Yuhang District of Hangzhou City from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide insights into the management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.@*Methods@#The mortality surveillance data of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases of registered residents in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020 were collected from Zhejiang All-cause Death Surveillance System. The crude mortality, standardized mortality, annual percent change ( APC ), Fulfillment index, life expectancy, cause-eliminated life expectancy and years of life lost, and the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the impact on life expectancy were analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 21 761 deaths occurred due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020, and the annual average crude and standardized mortality rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were 206.14/105 and 129.62/105, respectively. The annual crude and standardized mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases both appeared a tendency towards a decline from 2010 to 2020, with APC of -3.63% and -5.45%, respectively ( P<0.05 ), and the Fulfillment index showed a tendency towards a reduction in residents at ages of 50 to 79 years ( P<0.05 ). The mean life expectancy and cause-eliminated life expectancy were 82.71 and 88.39 years in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020, which both appeared a tendency towards a rise, both with APC of 0.50% ( P<0.05 ). The years of life lost were 5.02 to 6.47 years due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and the life loss rates were 6.00% to 7.73%.@*Conclusions@#The mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases appeared a tendency towards a decline decreased and the cause-eliminated life expectancy appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yuhang District from 2010 to 2020. Intensifying the management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases death may increase the life expectancy.

Effect of major chronic diseases on probability of premature death rate and life expectancy in Tongxiang / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the premature death rate and life expectancy caused by cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes and to provide the basis for the government to formulate residents' health promotion measures. Methods The data of deaths of permanent residents in Tongxiang in 2016 were derived from"Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information System" . The mortality, premature death rate, years of potential life loss and life expectancy of four chronic diseases were descriptively analyzed. Results In 2016, a total of 5104 deaths were reported in Tongxiang, with a crude death rate of 738.77 / 100, 000 and a standardized mortality rate of 480.40 / 100, 000, 23.59％ were premature deaths. The mortality rate of the four types of chronic diseases was 8.44％ , malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes were 5.68％, 2.06％, 0.65％ and 0.24％. Residents' life expectancy was 81.40 years, removal of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, the life expectancy increased 3.69, 2.78, 1.43 and 0.16 years, respectively. The four types of chronic diseases had a potential life-loss loss of 15, 239 person-years, with an average life-saving year of 4.25 years and a life-saving rate of 22.06 ‰. Mortality rate, premature death rate, years of potential loss of life, average life expectancy and longevity rate were higher in males than in females. Conclusion The probability of premature death of four types of chronic diseases in Tongxiang was 8.44％, and male residents were more likely to be affected.

Analysis on causes of death and life expectancy in residents of Tianjin, 2014 / 天津医药

Objective To explore the causes of death and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease in residents of Tianjin. Methods The death registry data of Tianjin residents in 2014 were collected and coded in“international classification of disease, 10th edition”. The crude death rate and life expectancy after elimination of main causes of disease were calculated, respectively. Results In 2014, the crude death rate in Tianjin residents was 70.708 per million, while in male and female were 78.728 and 62.637 per million respectively. The main cause of death in Tianjin residents was non-communicable disease. The top four death causes were heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease and respiratory disease, accounting for 31.5%, 23.6%, 22.2% and 8.3% of the total death. The top four life expectancy lost diseases were heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, cancer and respiratory disease, with a 6.46 year, 3.28 year, 3.11 year and 1.25 year life increase respectively. Conclusion Non-communicable diseases are the major reason of death and life expectancy lost disease in Tianjin residents, which needs urgent effective intervention to control.