Replacement of chicken skin with canola oil in chicken nuggets / Substituição de pele de frango por óleo de canola em nuggets de frango

This study developed chicken nuggets with emulsions with different percentages of canola oil (CO) to replace the chicken skin and evaluating the quality of the final product and the effect of frying. The experiment was set up in a 5x5 factorial scheme with the replacement of skin with different percentages of CO (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and storage periods (0, 45, 90, 135,and 180 days), and parameters such as pH and oxidation were evaluated. It was considered a 5x2 factorial scheme (replacement of skin with CO and different sample conditions (raw and fried in CO)) for the analyses of the centesimal composition, fatty acid profile, atherogenic (AI), and thrombogenic (IT) indices. The sensory analysis evaluated the chicken nuggets at time zero. The pH values ranged from 6.62 to 6.86, as an effect of frying, there was an increase in lipid content with increasing levels of substitution (T0-raw: 5.36% and fried: 12.11%; T100-raw: 7.93% and fried: 15.43%) and a decrease in moisture content in relation to the raw sample. There was a decrease in AI (T0%-raw vs. T100%-fried, 0.39 vs. 0.10) and IT (T0%-raw vs. T100%-fried, 0.61 vs. 0.18) with CO addition and frying, and lipid oxidation increased with storage. The ω6/ω3 ratio decreased and the PUFA/SFA increased with the replacement of chicken skin with CO, but there was no difference in the sensory analysis. Even though chicken nuggets are prone to lipid oxidation, it is possible to improve their nutritional value either by adding CO to the meat mixture or by frying them.

Objetivou-se neste estudo desenvolver nuggets de frango com emulsões contendo diferentes percentagens de óleo de canola em substituição a pele de frango e avaliar a qualidade do produto final bem como os efeitos da fritura. O experimento foi desenvolvido em esquema fatorial 5x5 (substituição da pele por óleo de canola (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) e tempo de armazenamento (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 dias)) avaliando parâmetros como pH e oxidação. Considerou-se fatorial 5x2 (substituição da pele por óleo de canola e condições da amostra (cru e frito em óleo de canola)) para as análises da composição centesimal, perfil de ácidos graxos e índices aterogênico (IA) e trombogênico (IT). Para a análise sensorial avaliou-se os nuggets de frango produzidos apenas no tempo zero. Houve efeito da fritura com aumento no teor de lipídios (T0%-cru:5,36% e frito:12,11%; T100%-cru:7,93% e frito: 15,43%), redução no teor de umidade em relação a amostra crua e aumento no teor de lipídios com aumento dos níveis de substituição. Com a adição de óleo de canola e fritura houve redução de IA (T0%, cru, IA:0,39; T100%, frito, IA:0,10) e IT (T0%, cru, IT:0,61; T100%, frito, IT:0,18) e com o tempo de armazenamento aumentou-se a oxidação lipídica. A proporção ω6/ ω3 diminuiu e a AGP/AGS aumentou com a substituição da pele de frango por óleo de canola e não houve diferença na análise sensorial. Apesar da propensão à oxidação lipídica, é possível melhorar nutricionalmente os nuggets de frango, tanto pela adição de óleo de canola à massa quanto pelo processo de fritura.

Effect of High-Protein and High-Fiber Breaders on Oil Absorption and Quality Attributes in Chicken Nuggets.

Consumption of fried foods is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular and other diseases; therefore, consumers are looking to reduce fat intake. We evaluated the effect of high-protein breaders and fiber on oil absorption and quality attributes in chicken nuggets, using flour blends (wheat, chickpea, coconut, oil-quinoa-chia), soy protein concentrate, and brewers' spent grain. We evaluated the chemical composition, water and oil retention capacity (ORC), viscosity profile, and flour particle size distribution, along with the developed breaders (Formulation 1 and 2) and a commercial breader (CB), in addition to texture, color, fat, and moisture contents of the fried chicken nuggets prepared with the developed breaders and the CB. The total dietary fiber content (TDF) of the nuggets breaded with only Formulation-1 and CB was determined. Nuggets breaded with Formulation-1 showed lower (p ≤ 0.05) ORC, better moisture retention (67.6%), and more TDF (4.5% vs. 2.3%, p ≤ 0.05) compared to CB-breaded nuggets. Nuggets with Formulation-1 showed the expected texture and color characteristics for fried products. Formulation-1 has the potential to be used as a breader due to its moisture, reduced ORC, and the texture and color it imparts to the fried nuggets, providing higher amounts of nutrients and possible health benefits.