Effect of Household Type on the Prevalence of Climacteric Syndrome among Middle-Aged Men.

Research on climacteric syndrome among middle-aged men remains scant compared to the research among women. Research is also lacking on climacteric syndrome among older adults living alone, particularly men, who are more vulnerable than females living alone. This cross-sectional study investigated whether the prevalence of climacteric syndrome is associated with the type of household middle-aged men live in and identified the determinants of climacteric syndrome based on the household type. Six hundred middle-aged men living in multi-person households and six hundred living alone were surveyed about general characteristics, diet-related factors, and climacteric syndrome. Data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression. The risk of climacteric syndrome in single-person households was found to be 1.6 times higher than that among multi-person households (p = 0.006). In multi-person households, income and breakfast frequency predicted climacteric syndrome (p < 0.05), while age, breakfast frequency, dinner frequency, and weekly eating out frequency predicted climacteric syndrome in single-person households (p < 0.05). Thus, dietary factors are more closely linked to the prevalence of climacteric syndrome in single-person households than in multi-person households. This highlights the need for climacteric syndrome interventions for middle-aged men, whose health concerns may persist into older adulthood.

Beneficial effect of Gyejibokryeong-hwan on climacteric syndrome with blood stasis pattern: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot trial.

Background: Gyejibokryeong-hwan (GBH), a herbal mixture that is widely used for climacteric syndrome, is studied for its efficacy; however, no study evaluated the GBH indication, which is a blood-stasis pattern based on traditional Chinese medicine theory. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical pilot trial. Fifty subjects with climacteric syndrome were recruited and randomly assigned to GBH group or placebo group. Subjects were administered GBH or placebo granules for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of observation period. For the primary outcome, the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was evaluated. For the secondary outcomes, quality of life, degrees of abdominal resistance and tenderness, blood-stasis pattern questionnaire and degree of upward movement of Qi were evaluated. Results: After 4-week intervention, the mean change of total MRS score significantly decreased in the GBH group compared to the placebo group (p = 0.037). The quality of life related to physical health (p = 0.008) and blood-stasis pattern (p = 0.018) significantly improved in the GBH group but not in the placebo group. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence of the feasibility of recruiting subjects with GBH indications and show that GBH may have clinical efficacy for the treatment of menopausal symptoms, especially urogenital symptoms, without any significant adverse events. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS identifier: KCT0002170).

Prescription rules of hormone replacement therapy and its alternative.

Hormone replacement therapy is still the most effective treatment for acute climacteric syndrome and prevention of osteoporosis. When starting treatment within 10 years of menopause, i.e., before the onset of irreversible changes in the vessel wall and nervous tissues, it is a window of opportunity to prevent atherosclerosis and dementia. At a later start, on the contrary, it worsens these processes. To increase the safety of the treatment, especially in affecting the breast tissue, we choose the lowest effective dose of estrogen and give preference to gestagens structurally close to progesterone. For women who, for objective or subjective reasons, prefer non-hormonal treatment, they can choose from an extensive range of complementary and alternative medicines. Unfortunately, it does not always reliable documentation of efficacy and safety from well-performed studies. However, the data for fermented soybean extract DT56a, pollen extract PI82/GC Fem, and some traditional Chinese medicine procedures offer an interesting opportunity. Physical activity cannot be forgotten in a comprehensive approach.

The Efficacy of Strength Exercises for Reducing the Symptoms of Menopause: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether strength exercises improve the symptoms of menopause and to provide an update on the most recent scientific evidence on the type and regimen of exercise that help reduce the symptoms. METHODS: An electronic search of scientific databases was performed from 2015 to 2022. Randomized clinical trials that analyzed the effects of strength exercises versus other types of interventions, considering all the outcome measures of interest, were included in this review. RESULTS: We found 5964 potential articles. After applying the selection criteria, we selected 12 of the articles. The studies compared strength exercises versus other therapies or compared strength exercises versus no intervention in one of the groups. The results showed improvements in the strength of the legs and pelvic floor, physical activity, bone density, metabolic and hormonal changes, heart rate and blood pressure and a change in hot flashes. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that strength exercises can be beneficial for improving strength, physical activity, bone density and hormonal and metabolic levels. In terms of the appropriate type of strength training, the evidence is still unclear given that the same benefits are achieved by various types of exercises.

Baicalin regulates stem cells as a creative point in the treatment of climacteric syndrome.

It is widely acknowledged that the climacteric syndrome negatively affects women's quality of life and leads to cerebral ischemic injury, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. One of the main active ingredients in Radix Scutellariae, Baicalin, has been established to possess a wide range of pharmacological effects and is beneficial in enhancing osteogenic differentiation and cardiovascular disease. Baicalin's profound metabolic impact on various stem cell populations and their fate specification could improve the efficiency of stem cell therapy for climacteric syndrome. However, Baicalin-mediated processes are complex and many of the underlying mechanisms are not fully fathomed yet. This review aims to shed light on the regulatory role of Baicalin on the diverse behaviors of distinct stem cell populations and provide a good cell source for stem cell therapy to broaden the therapeutic landscape for climacteric syndrome patients.

Long-term effects of a combination of isoflavones, agnus castus and magnolia extracts on climacteric symptoms and cardiometabolic risk profile in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effects of a combination of isoflavones, agnus castus and magnolia extracts (combined isoflavone compound [CIC]) on climacteric symptoms and cardiometabolic risk in symptomatic postmenopausal women. METHODS: This interventional, prospective study evaluated climacteric symptoms, mood and sleep disorders using the 21-item Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS) and 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires; and cardiovascular, metabolic and thrombotic risk markers at baseline (T0) and after 12 months of CIC treatment (T1). RESULTS: In healthy postmenopausal women (N = 71), 12-month CIC treatment significantly reduced patient-reported vasomotor symptoms (100% vs. 17%), mood disorders (67% vs. 25%) and sleep disorders (89% vs. 19%%) (all p < .001) compared with baseline; and significantly improved GCS psychological, somatic, and vasomotor domain scores and ISI sleep disturbance scores (all p < .05). CIC significantly reduced systolic (p = .022) and diastolic blood pressure (p < .001), and heart rate (p < .001); glucose concentrations (p = .018), HOMA index (p = .013), and ALT (p = .035), homocysteine (p = .005) and NT-proBNP (p = .003) levels. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term CIC therapy improved vasomotor symptoms, mood disorders, sleep disorders, hemodynamic measurements and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy postmenopausal women. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT03699150.

Effects of a Cereal Bar with a Combination of Phytoestrogens on the Climacteric Symptoms: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether the consumption of a cereal bar combining different phytoestrogens could contribute to the reduction of climacteric symptoms in women. METHODS: This is a clinical, prospective, randomized, simple-blind trial. Forty-eight women, aged 40-65 years, with climacteric symptoms, from a city in southwestern Paraná, Brazil. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups; Phytoestrogens group (PHY = 24), which received for 90-day period a cereal bar containing 80.73 milligrams of soybean and flaxseed phytoestrogens, and the placebo group (PLA = 24), which consumed rice flakes biscuit. Clinical, sociodemographic and anthropometric data were collected and climacteric symptoms were assessed using the Kupperman Index (KI). RESULTS: Forty-three women were analyzed (PHY = 21 and PLA = 22). There were significant reductions in the overall KI score in both groups at the end of the intervention period (p < 0.05). However, the comparison between the groups using linear regression models presented expressively better symptom improvement in the PHY group -6.43 over time (95% CI: -11.6; -1.26; p < 0.05) KI points, with perimenopausal -15.15 (95% CI: -28.95; -1.35) and postmenopausal women -19.34 (95% CI: -33.68; -4.99) showed considerably greater reductions in symptoms at the end of the intervention period compared to premenopausal women. There was also significant reduction in symptoms of hot flushes, paresthesia, sexual complaints, insomnia and melancholy. CONCLUSION: The consumption of a cereal bar containing phytoestrogens was able to improve the symptoms of climacteric syndrome.

Limitations in functioning in climacteric syndrome: a systematic literature review using the ICF.

INTRODUCTION: This study is the first of four preparatory studies in the process to develop an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for climacteric syndrome. The aim was to identify perimenopausal and postmenopausal limitations in functioning reported in the scientific literature. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed on MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Embase and CINAHL including publications from 2010 to 2020. Meaningful concepts were identified from the included studies and linked to the ICF using standardized linking rules. RESULTS: From the 6935 unique publications found, 300 articles were randomly selected for abstract screening and 48 studies met the inclusion criteria. From these, 1836 meaningful concepts were identified and linked to 158 different ICF categories. Most of them could be linked to the ICF chapter 'Body Functions'. Emotional, sleep, energy and drive as well as thermoregulatory functions and sensation of pain were addressed in >80% of all publications. CONCLUSION: Climacteric syndrome involves all four components of the ICF, but the focus of scientific research lies on limitations in body functioning. Limitations in body structures, activities and participation and environmental factors were less frequently assessed. The ICF is a valuable tool to describe the multidimensional phenotype of climacteric syndrome.

Prediction of climacteric syndrome development in perimenopausal women with hypothyroidism.

Introduction: The study aim was to predict the risk of climacteric syndrome (CS) developing in perimenopausal women with hypothyroidism (HT) according to the developed algorithm and mathematical model for timely preventive measures. Material and methods: 146 perimenopausal women with autoimmune HT were enrolled in this study. Assessment of the severity of metabolic, neurovegetative and psychoemotional symptoms was graded according to the Blatt-Kupperman menopause index. All women were interviewed according to a specially designed questionnaire for predicting the development of severe CS. Multiple regression analysis was used to build a multifactorial mathematical model. Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria were used to assess the normality of the distribution of traits. Results: Regression analysis was used to determine the most significant multicollinear risk factors for CS developing: pathology of the thyroid gland, smoking, alcohol consumption, adverse environmental conditions, low physical activity, history of stress and anxiety. The predicted value of the risk factor for severe CS with a high degree of probability was determined in 72 (49.32%) women, medium probability in 58 (39.73%) women, and low probability in 16 (10.95%) women. Conclusions: The developed algorithm and mathematical model are informative and allow one to prevent CS and its complications. The decay of women's health starts many years before menopause and prevention of its consequences is an important task for the clinicians.

[The effectiveness of the transcranial electrical stimulation method in obstetrics and gynecology]. / Effektivnost' metoda transkranial'noi elektrostimulyatsii v akusherstve i ginekologii.

The review examines the use of protective (endorphinergic and serotonergic) mechanisms of the brain in obstetrics and gynecology. To review the current state of the problem an analysis of the eLIBRARU, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane databases was carried out, and works for 2015-2020 were selected. It has been shown that the method of non - invasive non - drug effects on the human body - transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) - activates and accelerates reparative processes, normalizes psychophysiological status, has anti-inflammatory and immune-stimulating effects, has an onco-protective effect, stabilizes the autonomic nervous system, provides drug - free disturbance homeostasis in general. This makes it possible to successfully use TES in obstetrics and gynecology in such pathological conditions as the threat of pregnancy termination at different times, nausea and vomiting of pregnant women, preeclampsia, pathological prelaminar period, menstrual dysfunction, climacteric syndrome, leiomyoma and endometriosis of the uterus, endometrial hyperplastic processes, chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs with pain syndrome, surgery and obstetrics care. TES is characterized by high efficiency, safety, ease of use, availability and economic profitability. TES reduces the number of prescribed drugs and shortens the recovery time. This method is used both as monotherapy and as a component of a complex action including medication and non-medication. The results of the TES studies presented in the review complement each other and demonstrate the importance of modern alternative methods of treatment, and the authors of these studies are unanimous in their opinion on the fruitfulness of the use of transcranial electrical stimulation as a type of non-drug therapy in various fields of obstetrics and gynecology.

Assessment of the climacteric syndrome: a narrative review.

PURPOSE: Many menopausal women suffer from a variety of estrogen deficiency-related symptoms and chronic medical conditions. Health care professionals should be able to identify and quantify symptoms to facilitate diagnosis, indicate and monitor treatment. Therefore, various questionnaires have been developed and are used as a simple, time-saving and cost-effective mean to assess and monitor menopausal complaints. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and comparison of the available tools for climacteric syndrome assessment. METHODS: Three electronic databases (Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews/CDRS) were searched covering a time period of 10 years using a combination of relevant controlled vocabulary terms and free-text terms. Relevant references were evaluated for inclusion in a stepwise approach. RESULTS: The literature research revealed four questionnaires (Kupperman Index, Menopause Rating Scale, Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire and Greene Climacteric Scale) that are used to holistically assess the climacteric syndrome, varying in type of assessment, included symptoms, rating system of severity, weighing of symptoms, resulting total rating score and validation status. Further questionnaires are available to assess single symptoms or group of symptoms relating to specific aspects of menopause (e.g., vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, etc.). CONCLUSION: Four holistic questionnaires addressing menopausal symptoms have been developed [KI, MRS, MENQOL (-Intervention), Greene Climacteric Scale]. All but one (KI) have been validated and are available in different languages. However, there are still several shortcomings such as the lack of recognition of ethnic and cultural background and missing thresholds for treatment initiation and monitoring.

Improvement of testosterone deficiency by fermented Momordica charantia extracts in aging male rats.

This study evaluated the efficacy of Momordica charantia (MC; bitter melon) extracts against andropause symptoms. We fermented MC with Lactobacillus plantarum and verified the ability of the fermented MC extracts (FMEs) to control testosterone deficiency by using aging male rats as an animal model of andropause. FME administration considerably increased total and free testosterone levels, muscle mass, forced swimming time, and total and motile sperm counts in aging male rats. In contrast, sex hormone-binding globulin, retroperitoneal fat, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly reduced in the treated groups compared to the non-treated control aging male rats. Furthermore, we observed that FME enhanced the expression of testosterone biosynthesis-related genes but reduced the expression of testosterone degradation-related genes in a mouse Leydig cell line. These results suggest that FME has effective pharmacological activities that increase and restore free testosterone levels and that FME may be employed as a promising natural product for alleviating testosterone deficiency syndrome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-020-00872-x.

[Non-hormonal alternatives for the management of menopausal hot flushes. Postmenopausal women management: CNGOF and GEMVi clinical practice guidelines]. / Alternatives non hormonales de prise en charge des bouffées vasomotrices post-ménopausiques. RPC Les femmes ménopausées du CNGOF et du GEMVi.

One of the major symptoms of climacteric syndrome is hot flushes (HF). They are most often experienced as very disabling. Estrogen therapy is the most effective treatment. However, it may be contraindicated in some women. The aim of this article is to provide a review of the scientific literature on pharmacological and non-pharmacological alternatives in this context. Only randomized trials and meta-analyses of randomized trials were considered. This review shows that some treatments usually used in non-gynecological or endocrinological disease have significant effect in reducing the frequency and/or severity of HF. Hence, some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (paroxetine, citalopram and escitalopram), serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine) gabapentin, pregabalin and clonidine have a statistically effect as compared with placebo in reducing, the frequency and/or severity of HF. Some phytoestrogens, such as genistein, may also reduce the frequency of HF. Regarding non-pharmacological interventions, hypnosis, acupuncture or yoga have been analyzed with significant beneficial results, even if their evaluation is difficult by the absence of a good placebo group in most trials. By contrast, other approaches, both pharmacological or non-pharmacological, appear to be ineffective in the management of HT. These include homeopathy, vitamin E, alanine, omega 3, numerous phytoestrogens (red clover, black cohosh…), primrose oil, physical activity. In women suffering from breast cancer, several additional problems are added. On the one hand because all phytoestrogens are contraindicated and on the other hand, in patients using tamoxifen, because the molecules, that interact with CYP2D6, are to be formally avoided because of potential interaction with this anti-estrogen treatment. In conclusion, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological alternatives have significant efficacy in the management of severe HF.

Effects of herbal medicine (Danggwijagyaksan) for treating climacteric syndrome with a blood-deficiency-dominant pattern: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

BACKGROUND: Danggwijagyaksan (DJS) has been one of the most widely used herbal medicines for gynecological disorders in traditional East Asian medicine. Several clinical studies about DJS have shown improvement in menopausal symptoms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and feasibility of DJS for treating climacteric syndrome with a blood-deficiency-dominant pattern. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. A group of 45-to 60-year-old women with climacteric syndrome were registered for the trial. The participants received treatment over a 4-week period and were then followed for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the mean change in the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Secondary outcome measures included the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), the Blood-Deficiency Scoring System (BDSS), lean body mass, and serum hormone levels, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels. RESULTS: The MRS and BDSS scores decreased significantly in both groups, but the differences between two groups were not significant. The WHOQOL-BREF scores increased in the control group. No statistically meaningful differences in serum hormone levels or lean body mass were observed in both groups. There were no serious adverse events, and the laboratory tests were within the normal range. The recruitment rate, completion rate and medication adherence rate were over 90% in both groups, indicating high feasibility. CONCLUSIONS: DJS showed clinical effectiveness in the treatment of climacteric syndrome with a blood-deficiency-dominant pattern. Additionally, DJS was shown to be safe and feasible for a large-scale study to confirm the efficacy of the treatment. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, https://cris.nih.go.kr): KCT0002387.

Risk factors and comorbidities associated with magnesium deficiency in pregnant women and women with hormone-related conditions: analysis of a large real-world dataset.

BACKGROUND: An accumulating body of literature indicates that magnesium deficiency is associated with a number of hormone-related conditions (HRC) in women, and epidemiological studies are needed to assess its prevalence and risk factors. Here, we present a secondary analysis of data pooled from four large observational studies that assessed magnesium deficiency among pregnant women and women with HRC across the Russian Federation. METHODS: The main objective of this analysis was to estimate the prevalence of magnesium deficiency in this population and to describe risk factors and comorbidities associated with low serum magnesium. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors and comorbid conditions associated with an increased risk of low serum magnesium level. RESULTS: A total of 983 pregnant women and 9444 women with HRC were eligible for analysis. Prevalence of hypomagnesemia (magnesium serum level cut-off < 0.66 mmol/L/< 0.8 mmol/L) was 34.0%/78.9% in pregnant women and 21.4%/54.8% in women with HRC. The highest prevalence of magnesium deficiency was observed for osteoporosis and climacteric syndrome. Risk factors included diastolic blood pressure, previous pregnancy complications, infections and edema for pregnant women, and age, body mass index, and various comorbidities for women with HRC. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in pregnant women and women with HRC and underline the importance of routine screening, since risk factors are mostly non-specific.

Developing an ICF Core Set for Climacteric Syndrome based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).

BACKGROUND: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a globally accepted framework for the assessment of problems in functioning in relation to health conditions. ICF Core Sets are internationally accepted shortlists of the most relevant and essential ICF categories that can be used to assess and document the functioning of patients living with specific health conditions. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this paper is to outline the process of developing an ICF Core Set for Climacteric Syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: The development of an ICF Core Set follows an established, evidence-based process and will produce a comprehensive and a brief version of the ICF Core Set. The process includes four preliminary studies: 1) a systematic literature review; 2) a multi-center, cross-sectional study in a clinical setting with women 40+ years old; 3) an online expert survey with health professionals involved in caring for the health of women with climacteric syndrome; and 4) a qualitative study with focus groups of women 40+ years old. The results will be integrated at an international consensus conference, where it will be decided which ICF categories will be included in the ICF Core Set for Climacteric Syndrome. CONCLUSION: An ICF Core Set for Climacteric Syndrome could provide a holistic assessment of limitations in peri- and post-menopausal women and integrate the psycho-social perspective into health care practice. It could further facilitate communication between health care providers, be useful for research and teaching, and support both the transparency and the comparability of information.

Autism research is 'all about the blokes and the kids': Autistic women breaking the silence on menopause.

OBJECTIVES: The menopause is a major transition marked by considerable challenges to health and well-being. Its impact on autistic women has been almost largely ignored but is of significant concern, given the poorer physical and mental health, emotion regulation and coping skills, and the common social isolation of this group. We aimed to explore awareness and perception of the menopause; menopausal experiences and their impact across each individual's life; ways that menopause with autism might differ from a non-autistic menopause; and what optimal support might look like. DESIGN: A qualitative interview study. METHODS: Comprehensive interviews were conducted with 17 autistic participants (16 of whom identified as cisgender women). Inductive thematic analysis was used, guided by IPA principles and literature. RESULTS: Four major themes were identified: (1) covering the long journey of our participants to recognizing autism in adulthood; (2) menopausal awareness and perceptions; (3) symptoms and their impact; and (4) ways that a neurodiverse menopause might differ from the norm. Menopausal experiences varied greatly and some participants experienced marked deterioration in daily function and coping skills, mental health, and social engagement. Menopausal awareness was often low, so too was confidence in help from health care professionals. CONCLUSIONS: These findings implicate the potential for menopause to severely compromise health and well-being of autistic people and indicate an area of underserved support needs.

O uso da fitoterapia como atenuante dos sintomas do climatério / The use of herbal medicine to alleviate climacteric symptoms

O climatério é o período de transição entre a fase reprodutiva e não reprodutiva da mulher, que ocorre habitualmente entre os 40 a 65 anos. Este período geralmente é marcado por alterações que vão além das mudanças físicas. Muitas mulheres podem passar pelo climatério sem queixas ou sem precisar de tratamentos; em outros casos podem ocorrer sintomas de diversos tipos e intensidade, os mais relatados são: calores (fogachos), sudorese fria, insônia e alterações psicoemocionais. A terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) ainda é o meio de tratamento mais indicado pelos profissionais da saúde no tratamento das queixas climatéricas e para reposição de estrogênio. No entanto, pode causar diferentes efeitos adversos. Com isso é necessário investigar outras formas de tratamento que auxiliem no combate às queixas climatéricas. Objetivo: Analisar os medicamentos fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais utilizados para minimizar os sintomas da síndrome climatérica. Método: Foi realizada uma busca rápida de literatura nas bases de dados: BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Pubmed, MedLine, Lilacs e Scielo, no período de 2005 a 2020. Resultando na análise de 8 ensaios clínicos randomizados que se adequaram aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Foi encontrada eficácia no uso da isoflavona de soja, Actaea racemosa L., extrato das raízes de Rheum rhaponticum, extrato de cohosh preto (Cimicifuga racemosa) e erva de São João (Hypericum perforatum) e Morus Nigra L. sobre os sintomas do climatério. Conclusão: O uso da fitoterapia mostrou-se uma alternativa no tratamento das queixas climatéricas. No entanto, é necessário que haja a realização de novos estudos para a determinação da posologia mais adequada.

The climacteric is the transition period between the reproductive and non-reproductive phases of women,which usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 65. This period is usually marked bychanges that go beyond physical changes. Many women can go through the climacteric without complaints or needing treatment; In other cases, symptoms of different types and intensity may occur, the most reported of which are: hot flashes, cold sweats, insomnia and psycho-emotional changes. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is still the method of treatment most recommended by health professionals in the treatment of climacteric complaints and estrogen replacement. However, it can cause different adverse effects. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate other forms of treatment that help combat climacteric complaints. Objective: To analyze herbal medicines and medicinal plants used to minimize the symptoms of climacteric syndrome. Method: A quick literature search was carried out in the databases: VHL (Virtual Health Library), Pubmed, MedLine, Lilacs and Scielo, from 2005 to 2020. Resulting in the analysis of 8 randomized clinical trials that met the criteria of inclusion. Results: Efficacy was found in the use of soy isoflavone, Actaea racemosa L., extract from the roots of Rheum rhaponticum, extract of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) and St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) and Morus Nigra L. on the symptoms of climacteric. Conclusion: The use of herbal medicine proved to be an alternative in the treatment of climacteric complaints. However, further studies must be carried out to determine the most appropriate dosage.

Research Progress on Animal Models of Menopausal Syndrome： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In order to explore the pathological mechanism of perimenopausal syndrome and seek prevention and treatment measures， it is necessary to establish animal models that similar to human perimenopausal syndrome， so as to provide reference for drug research， new drug development and clinical application. In this paper， the keywords of "perimenopausal period" "perimenopausal syndrome" "menopause" "menopausal syndrome""menopausal period" "menopausal syndrome" and "animal" were searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Chongqing Weipu， China Biomedical Literature Database （CBM） and Pubmed. In addition， the selection of domestic peripheral menopausal syndrome model animals in recent years and the advantages and disadvantages of corresponding models were summarized. A total of 673 studies were identified， of which 61 were included in the analysis. The most common animal model of perimenopausal syndrome is castration model， while the immunodeficiency model is less used. With the aging of the population and the rapid increase of psychosocial stress， the incidence of perimenopausal syndrome is high. Therefore， it is particularly important to explore the mechanism of perimenopausal syndrome. According to the experimental purpose， experimental period， experimental technology and other factors， the selection of appropriate model animals and modeling methods is the key of the success of the experiment of perimenopausal syndrome.

[Hormonal profile of women with metabolic syndrome in the background of multimodal non-medicinal correction of climacteric disorders.]

The inability to use hormone replacement therapy in women requires the search for effective non-pharmacological methods for the correction of menopausal disorders. Purpose of work. To assess the effect of non-drug programs for the correction of age-related disorders in women with metabolic syndrome (MS) on the level of sex hormones. Of the 330 women 45-50 years old with menopausal syndrome (CS) and MS, 5 groups were formed. Applied: basic treatment, physiotherapy, balneotherapy, multivitamins and minerals, physiotherapy (vibration therapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy, aeroionotherapy) in various combinations. The levels of follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones, estradiol were determined. In patients with mild CS, when using physiotherapy, after 3 months of treatment, FSH, LH decreased, estradiol increased. In patients with moderate KS, the best results were achieved using a full set of physiotherapeutic factors: after 6 months, FSH decreased by 19,3% (p<0,0001) and LH by 23,9% (p<0,0001), estradiol increased by 22,3% (p=0,0084). Comprehensive non-drug correction has a positive effect on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary system in patients with CS and MS. In moderate-grade CS, a program with the use of vibration therapy, chromotherapy, melotherapy, aromatherapy and aeroionotherapy is a priority.