Interference of natural extract from Jatobá (Hymenaea martiana Hayne) with the physico-chemical characteristics and yield of goat milk and cheese / [Interferência do extrato natural de jatobá (Hymenaea martiana Hayne) sobre as características físico-químicas e o rendimento do leite e queijo coalho de cabra]

Several studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of natural products against mastitis, but only a few have evaluated the impacts of this alternative therapy on the main properties of milk and dairy products. In this study, we observed how the treatment of mastitis with ethanolic extract of Jatobá (Hymenaea martiana Hayne) influenced the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coalho cheese. An ointment containing the ethanolic extract was prepared for intramammary use in six dairy goats. The experiment was conducted in three experimental moments. Milking was performed, manually, and both milk and cheese were subjected to physicochemical and sensory tests. No difference was observed (p>0.05) in the physicochemical aspects of milk between the studied groups. The solids-non-fat showed a statistical difference between experimental moments M1 and M2. The protein means varied from 3.33 to 3.62, and there was a statistical difference between the two moments, while the lactose means varied from 4.79 to 5.38%. The physicochemical aspects of cheese remained similar with both treatments. Except for appearance, the sensory characteristics showed no statistical difference. In conclusion, the use of Jatobá extract ointment did not influence the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of goat milk or cheese.

A mastite representa uma das principais enfermidades nos rebanhos de caprinos leiteiros, com implicações na produção de leite e na qualidade final dos derivados. Objetivou-se observar a influência do tratamento da mastite com o extrato etanólico da Hymenaea martiana Hayne sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo tipo coalho. Uma pomada contendo extrato foi elaborada para uso intramamário em seis fêmeas caprinas especializadas na produção de leite. As metades esquerdas dos tetos das cabras receberam essa infusão, enquanto a metade direita era controle. O experimento foi conduzido em três momentos experimentais. Realizou-se ordenha manual e análise físico-química do leite. Para o queijo, foram realizados testes físico-químicos e teste sensorial. Quantos aos aspectos físico-químicos do leite, é possível afirmar que não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos. Houve diferença estatística para sólidos não gordurosos nos momentos experimentais M1 e M2. As médias de proteína variaram entre 3,33 e 3,62, e houve diferença estatística em dois momentos. As médias de lactose variaram entre 4,79% e 5,38%. Os aspectos físico-químicos do queijo mantiveram resultados similares entre os dois tratamentos. Os parâmetros sensoriais para o queijo coalho de cabra não tiveram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, contudo a aparência se destacou em relação aos demais parâmetros sensoriais. O uso da pomada elaborada com extrato de jatobá não interferiu sobre as características físico-químicas do leite de cabra e sobre as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do queijo tipo coalho de cabra.

Detection of mycobacteria in coalho cheese sold in Northeastern Brazil / Detecção de micobactérias em queijo de coalho comercializado no Nordeste do Brasil

The aim of the present study was to detect and identify Mycobaterium spp. in 50 samples of coalho cheese sold in the Northeast region of Brazil. Of the 50 analyzed samples, 35 were produced by the artisanal process, using raw milk, and 15 originated from industrialized establishments that pasteurize milk. Conventional and real-time nested PCR for the rv2807 gene of the M. tuberculosis complex was performed directly from the 50 analyzed samples. Samples of coalho cheese were grown simultaneously in Stonebrink medium, and conventional PCR was performed from the bacterial isolates with primers that flank differentiation region 4 (DR4), specific to M. bovis, mb400F. Bacterial isolates negative by PCR for RD4 were subjected to PCR for hsp65 of Mycobacterium spp., with subsequent DNA sequencing. The cultures were negative for the M. tuberculosis complex, but two samples (4%) from the artisanal process (with raw milk) exhibited identity with hsp65 of Mycobacterium lehmanii (Sequence ID: KY933786.1, identities: 312/363 [86%]); and Mycobacterium rutilum (sequence ID: LT629971.1, identities: 331/371 [89%]), showing to be indicative environmental contamination. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are emergent and ubiquitous microorganisms; therefore, they deserve greater attention in the cheese production chain, both in terms of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar e identificar Mycobaterium spp. em 50 amostras de queijo de coalho comercializados na região Nordeste do Brasil. Das 50 amostras analisadas, 35 foram produzidas pelo processo artesanal, com leite cru e 15 provenientes de estabelecimentos industrializados que realizam a pasteurização do leite. Nested-PCR convencional e em tempo real para o gene rv2807 do Complexo M. tuberculosis foi realizada diretamente das cinquenta amostras analisadas. Paralelamente, as amostras de queijo de coalho foram cultivadas em meio de Stonebrink e dos isolados bacterianos foi realizada PCR convencional com iniciadores que flanqueiam a região de diferenciação 4 (RD4), específica de M. bovis, mb400F. Os isolados bacterianos negativos na PCR para RD4 foram submetidos à PCR para hsp65 de Mycobacterium spp., com posterior sequenciamento do DNA. As culturas mostraram-se negativas para o Complexo M. tuberculosis, porém duas amostras oriundas do processo artesanal (com leite cru) (4%) apresentaram identidade com hsp65 de Mycobacterium lehmanii (ID da sequência: KY933786.1, identidades: 312/363 [86%]); e Mycobacterium rutilum (ID da sequência: LT629971.1, identidades: 331/371 [89%]), apontando-se como indicativos de contaminação ambiental. As micobactérias-não-tuberculosas (MNT) são microrganismos emergentes e de natureza ubíqua. Devido a essas características merecem maior atenção na cadeia produtiva de queijos, tanto nas boas práticas agropecuárias (BPAs) quanto nas boas práticas de fabricação de alimentos (BPFs).(AU)

Detection of mycobacteria in coalho cheese sold in Northeastern Brazil / Detecção de micobactérias em queijo de coalho comercializado no Nordeste do Brasil

The aim of the present study was to detect and identify Mycobaterium spp. in 50 samples of coalho cheese sold in the Northeast region of Brazil. Of the 50 analyzed samples, 35 were produced by the artisanal process, using raw milk, and 15 originated from industrialized establishments that pasteurize milk. Conventional and real-time nested PCR for the rv2807 gene of the M. tuberculosis complex was performed directly from the 50 analyzed samples. Samples of coalho cheese were grown simultaneously in Stonebrink medium, and conventional PCR was performed from the bacterial isolates with primers that flank differentiation region 4 (DR4), specific to M. bovis, mb400F. Bacterial isolates negative by PCR for RD4 were subjected to PCR for hsp65 of Mycobacterium spp., with subsequent DNA sequencing. The cultures were negative for the M. tuberculosis complex, but two samples (4%) from the artisanal process (with raw milk) exhibited identity with hsp65 of Mycobacterium lehmanii (Sequence ID: KY933786.1, identities: 312/363 [86%]); and Mycobacterium rutilum (sequence ID: LT629971.1, identities: 331/371 [89%]), showing to be indicative environmental contamination. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are emergent and ubiquitous microorganisms; therefore, they deserve greater attention in the cheese production chain, both in terms of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar e identificar Mycobaterium spp. em 50 amostras de queijo de coalho comercializados na região Nordeste do Brasil. Das 50 amostras analisadas, 35 foram produzidas pelo processo artesanal, com leite cru e 15 provenientes de estabelecimentos industrializados que realizam a pasteurização do leite. Nested-PCR convencional e em tempo real para o gene rv2807 do Complexo M. tuberculosis foi realizada diretamente das cinquenta amostras analisadas. Paralelamente, as amostras de queijo de coalho foram cultivadas em meio de Stonebrink e dos isolados bacterianos foi realizada PCR convencional com iniciadores que flanqueiam a região de diferenciação 4 (RD4), específica de M. bovis, mb400F. Os isolados bacterianos negativos na PCR para RD4 foram submetidos à PCR para hsp65 de Mycobacterium spp., com posterior sequenciamento do DNA. As culturas mostraram-se negativas para o Complexo M. tuberculosis, porém duas amostras oriundas do processo artesanal (com leite cru) (4%) apresentaram identidade com hsp65 de Mycobacterium lehmanii (ID da sequência: KY933786.1, identidades: 312/363 [86%]); e Mycobacterium rutilum (ID da sequência: LT629971.1, identidades: 331/371 [89%]), apontando-se como indicativos de contaminação ambiental. As micobactérias-não-tuberculosas (MNT) são microrganismos emergentes e de natureza ubíqua. Devido a essas características merecem maior atenção na cadeia produtiva de queijos, tanto nas boas práticas agropecuárias (BPAs) quanto nas boas práticas de fabricação de alimentos (BPFs).

Atividade antagonista in vitro de bactérias ácido láticas isoladas de queijo de coalho artesanal do Sertão paraibano frente a microrganismos indicadores / Antagonist activity in vitro of lactic acid bacteria isolated from coalho cheese from Sertão paraibano front microorganisms indicators

Bactérias ácido láticas (BAL) produzem substâncias inibitórias de patógenos e deteriorantes de alimentos e isso tem despertado interesse sobre seu uso na preservação e na segurança sanitária desses produtos. Assim, o estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade inibitória de Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius isoladas de queijo de coalho artesanal do Sertão da Paraíba frente a microrganismos indicadores. A avaliação do potencial antagônico foi realizada pela técnica de difusão em disco frente à estirpe reveladora Escherichia coli, isolada das mesmas amostras de queijos e frente ao patógeno de referência Escherichia coli ATCC 3539. Das 11 estirpes analisadas, 81,8% foram capazes de inibir o microrganismo indicador isolado dos mesmos queijos de coalho, enquanto 36,4% das bactérias láticas apresentaram inibição frente ao patógeno de referência. Conclui-se que as cepas Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius isoladas de queijos de coalho do Sertão da Paraíba apresentam potencial antagônico e podem assegurar a qualidade microbiológica de alimentos fermentados, inclusive o queijo de coalho.(AU)

Lactic acid bacteria (BAL) produce pathogen inhibiting and food damaging substances and this has raised interest in their use in the preservation and health safety of these products. Thus, the study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the inhibitory activity of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius isolated from artisanal coalho cheese from Sertão da Paraíba against indicator microorganisms. The evaluation of the antagonistic potential was performed using the disk diffusion technique against the Escherichia coli revealing strain, isolated from the same cheese samples and against the reference pathogen Escherichia coli ATCC 3539. Of the 11 strains analyzed, 81.8% were able to inhibit the indicator microorganism isolated from the same coalho cheeses, while 36.4% of the lactic acid bacteria showed inhibition compared to the reference pathogen. It is concluded that the strains Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius isolated from coalho cheeses from Sertão da Paraíba have antagonistic potential and can ensure the microbiological quality of fermented foods, including coalho cheese.(AU)

Short communication: Potential use of passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata) as a biopreservative in the production of coalho cheese, a traditional Brazilian cheese.

Passion fruit (Passiflora cincinnata Mast.) is a native fruit from the Caatinga, a typical ecoregion in northeastern Brazil, and it has potential for use by the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we characterized the antimicrobial activity of P. cincinnata and its application in the production of coalho cheese, a traditional Brazilian product. Aqueous extract of P. cincinnata exhibited high inhibitory activity against Listeria spp. (n = 4, reference strains), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3, reference strains), and multidrug-resistant Staph. aureus (n = 8), and low inhibitory activity against lactic acid bacteria (LAB, n = 3, reference strains). Based on these results, we produced coalho cheese using goat milk with and without (control) passion fruit. Cheeses were stored at 10°C for 14 d and populations of mesophilic aerobes, Staph. aureus, and presumptive LAB were monitored at d 1, 7 and 14. The passion fruit cheese had lower counts of mesophilic aerobes, Staph. aureus (after 7 and 14 d), and presumptive LAB (after 14 d) than the control cheese. Adding ground passion fruit contributed to a reduction of Staph. aureus counts in goat cheese, although these differences were not significant. These results indicated the inhibitory potential of passion fruit and its potential use for controlling microbial populations in a cheese model; further studies are needed to characterize the active molecules that are responsible for such activity.

Microbiology quality, detection of enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and Coalho cheese / Qualidade microbiológica, detecção de genes de enterotoxinas e resistência antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de leite e queijo de Coalho

This study evaluated the microbiological quality of milk and Coalho cheese, the prevalence of enterotoxin genes, antimicrobial resistance and determined an inducible MLSB resistance phenotype by the D-test in strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from these products. Seventy samples of milk and Coalho cheese were analyzed. S. aureus strains were identified by biochemical tests. The presence of se genes (sea-see) was tested by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial sensitivity of S. aureus strains was evaluated for 13 antimicrobial drugs using the disk diffusion technique and the double-disk diffusion test (D-test) was performed to determine inducible resistance to lincosamide phenotype. The amount of toxin sufficient to cause foodborne diseases is generally observed when Staphylococcus populations exceed 10(5) CFU mL-¹ g-¹. In this study, none of the milk samples analyzed showed these counts; however, 73.3% (22/30) of Coalho cheese samples exceeded this value. A total of 109 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The presence of enterotoxin genes was detected in 25.7% of these isolates and amplified only for the sec gene. Most of the isolates (78.5%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. The D test showed that 25.0% of erythromycin-resistant isolates had the constitutive resistance phenotype, and 3.8% had the inducible resistance phenotype to clindamycin. These results indicate that these dairy products represent a health risk since these bacteria can cause foodborne diseases or may be a possible route for the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans.(AU)

Este estudo avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de leite e queijo de Coalho, a prevalência de genes das enterotoxinas, a resistência antimicrobiana e o fenótipo de resistência MLSB por meio do D-teste, em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas destes produtos. Foram analisadas 70 amostras de leite e queijo de coalho. Cepas de S. aureus foram identificadas por meio de testes bioquímicos. A presença de genes se (sea-see) foi verificada pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). A sensibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de S. aureus foi avaliada para 13 antimicrobianos, utilizando a técnica de difusão em disco e o ensaio de difusão de disco duplo (D-teste), para determinar o fenótipo de resistência induzível à lincosamidas. A quantidade de enterotoxina estafilocócica suficiente para causar a intoxicação alimentar é geralmente observada quando a população de estafilococos excede a contagem de 10(5) UFC mL-¹ g-¹. Neste estudo, nenhuma das amostras de leite analisadas apresentou esta contagem, entretanto, 73,3 % (22/30) das amostras de queijo de Coalho ultrapassaram este valor. Um total de 109 isolados foram identificados como S. aureus. A presença de genes de enterotoxinas foi detectada em 25,7% destas estirpes, ocorrendo amplificação apenas para o gene sec. A maioria destas bactérias (78,5 %) apresentaram resistência a um ou mais de dois agentes antimicrobianos. O D-teste demostrou que 25,0 % dos isolados resistentes à eritromicina tinham o fenótipo de resistência constitutiva e 3,8 % tinham o fenótipo de resistência induzível à clindamicina. Estes resultados indicam que estes produtos lácteos representam um risco para a saúde, desde que essas bactérias podem causar doenças de origem alimentar ou podem ser um possível caminho para a transferência de cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos para os seres humanos.(AU)

Microbiology quality, detection of enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and Coalho cheese / Qualidade microbiológica, detecção de genes de enterotoxinas e resistência antimicrobiana de Staphylococcus aureus isolados de leite e queijo de Coalho

This study evaluated the microbiological quality of milk and Coalho cheese, the prevalence of enterotoxin genes, antimicrobial resistance and determined an inducible MLSB resistance phenotype by the D-test in strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from these products. Seventy samples of milk and Coalho cheese were analyzed. S. aureus strains were identified by biochemical tests. The presence of se genes (sea-see) was tested by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial sensitivity of S. aureus strains was evaluated for 13 antimicrobial drugs using the disk diffusion technique and the double-disk diffusion test (D-test) was performed to determine inducible resistance to lincosamide phenotype. The amount of toxin sufficient to cause foodborne diseases is generally observed when Staphylococcus populations exceed 10(5) CFU mL-¹ g-¹. In this study, none of the milk samples analyzed showed these counts; however, 73.3% (22/30) of Coalho cheese samples exceeded this value. A total of 109 isolates were identified as S. aureus. The presence of enterotoxin genes was detected in 25.7% of these isolates and amplified only for the sec gene. Most of the isolates (78.5%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents. The D test showed that 25.0% of erythromycin-resistant isolates had the constitutive resistance phenotype, and 3.8% had the inducible resistance phenotype to clindamycin. These results indicate that these dairy products represent a health risk since these bacteria can cause foodborne diseases or may be a possible route for the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to humans.

Este estudo avaliou a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de leite e queijo de Coalho, a prevalência de genes das enterotoxinas, a resistência antimicrobiana e o fenótipo de resistência MLSB por meio do D-teste, em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas destes produtos. Foram analisadas 70 amostras de leite e queijo de coalho. Cepas de S. aureus foram identificadas por meio de testes bioquímicos. A presença de genes se (sea-see) foi verificada pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). A sensibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de S. aureus foi avaliada para 13 antimicrobianos, utilizando a técnica de difusão em disco e o ensaio de difusão de disco duplo (D-teste), para determinar o fenótipo de resistência induzível à lincosamidas. A quantidade de enterotoxina estafilocócica suficiente para causar a intoxicação alimentar é geralmente observada quando a população de estafilococos excede a contagem de 10(5) UFC mL-¹ g-¹. Neste estudo, nenhuma das amostras de leite analisadas apresentou esta contagem, entretanto, 73,3 % (22/30) das amostras de queijo de Coalho ultrapassaram este valor. Um total de 109 isolados foram identificados como S. aureus. A presença de genes de enterotoxinas foi detectada em 25,7% destas estirpes, ocorrendo amplificação apenas para o gene sec. A maioria destas bactérias (78,5 %) apresentaram resistência a um ou mais de dois agentes antimicrobianos. O D-teste demostrou que 25,0 % dos isolados resistentes à eritromicina tinham o fenótipo de resistência constitutiva e 3,8 % tinham o fenótipo de resistência induzível à clindamicina. Estes resultados indicam que estes produtos lácteos representam um risco para a saúde, desde que essas bactérias podem causar doenças de origem alimentar ou podem ser um possível caminho para a transferência de cepas resistentes aos antimicrobianos para os seres humanos.

What are the cultural effects on consumers' perceptions? A case study covering coalho cheese in the Brazilian northeast and southeast area using word association.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of regional diversity aspects related to consumers' perceptions of coalho cheese, with Brazilian Northeast and Southeast consumers (n=400, divided equally in each area) using Word Association (WA) task. Different perceptions were detected for both Northeast and Southeast consumers, and among 17 categories elicited for describing coalho cheese, only 7 categories (positive feeling, social aspects, sensory characteristic, dairy product technology, negative feeling, and lack of quality standard) presented significant differences in the frequency of mention according to chi-square per cell approach. The application of the discriminant technique Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that the categories "Social", "Accompaniment", "Manufacturing method" were the main responsible for differentiating consumers' perceptions of both areas. Overall, the main dimensions involved in the consumers' perceptions of coalho cheese from different Brazilian regions were identified, thus obtaining comprehensive insights that can be used as a guideline for coalho cheese producers to develop marketing strategies considering the intra-cultural differences.

Peptide profile of Coalho cheese: A contribution for Protected Designation of Origin (PDO).

Coalho cheese of Ceará and the Jaguaribe region of Brazil has been studied to determine its peptide profile. Peptides generated by the action of peptidases upon cheese proteins were separated by reverse-phase HPLC to give 28 fractions. Peptide sequencing after MS/MS fragmentation enabled the identification of 116 different peptides; 74 of them originated from ß-casein, 4 from ßA2-casein, 4 from ßA3-casein, 25 from αS1-casein, 5 from αS2-casein, and 4 from κ-casein. Phosphorylated peptides were identified, one from αS1-casein and 17 from ß-casein. Other reports on the bioactivity of casein-derived peptides have shown that the ß-casein peptide (193-209) exhibits immunomodulatory, antimicrobial and antihypertensive activity. The peptides ß-casein (58-72), ß-casein (193-202), αs1-casein (85-91), αs1-casein (1-9), as well as αs2-casein (189-197) have antihypertensive activity. The fragment αS1-casein (1-23) is an immunomodulatory and antimicrobial peptide. These results can be a marker to determine the authenticity of this Brazilian cheese.

Proteomic and peptidomic profiling of Brazilian artisanal 'Coalho' cheese.

BACKGROUND: Artisanal 'Coalho' cheese is a product typically popular in the Brazilian north-eastern region. Production of this cheese represents about 9.2% of the internal crude product of Pernambuco State. Several peptides are generated from hydrolysis of αS1 -, αS2 -, ß-, and κ-caseins during manufacture of this cheese. The commercial importance of Brazilian artisanal 'Coalho' cheese justifies the examination of both the protein and peptide profiles of cheeses from six cities of the semi-arid region of Pernambuco State, Brazil. RESULTS: SDS-PAGE of the aqueous extracts of 'Coalho' cheeses (WSP) showed bands of lactoferrin, ß-lactoglobulin, ß-lactoglobulin (dimer), α-lactoalbumin, bovine serum albumin, α-casein, ß-casein, κ-casein and para-κ-casein. A total of 57 to 72 peptides were confirmed by mass spectra in the different samples of 'Coalho' cheese which 32 known peptides (11 from αS1 -casein, three from αS2 -casein, 15 from ß-casein and three from κ-casein), comprising seven caseinphosphopeptides. Among the unidentified peptides, three showed high intensity peaks in all 'Coalho' cheeses studied (with molecular weights of 1597, 1725/1726, 2778/2779 Da). CONCLUSION: The proteomic studies revealed peptides that may represent molecular markers or fingerprints for investigating the quality control and regional characterisation of these 'Coalho' cheeses. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Coalho Cheese Made with Protease from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31: Technological Potential of the New Coagulant for the Production of High-Cooked Cheese.

The aim of this study was to explore the use of a new coagulant from Thermomucor indicae-seudaticae N31 for the manufacture of a high-cooked starter-free cheese variety, by evaluating its physicochemical and functional characteristics in comparison to cheeses made with a traditional commercial coagulant. Coalho cheese was successfully produced with the new protease as it exhibited comparable characteristics to the one produced using the commercial enzyme: pH behavior during manufacture; cheese composition; protein and fat recovery; and cheese yield. In addition, during storage, melting was low and not affected by storage time; the increase of TCA 12% soluble nitrogen (% of total nitrogen) was lower than half of that of pH 4.6 soluble nitrogen (% of total nitrogen); concentration of ß-CN significantly decreased, whereas αs1 -CN concentration was not affected by storage time.

Detection of bovine milk contaminants in adulterated milk and curd goat cheese / Detecção de fraude em leite e queijo de coalho caprino por adição de leite bovino

Background: Goat milk is quite useful as an alternative for feeding children and adults who are sensitive or allergic to bovine milk because of its peculiar characteristics, and goat milk ensures the subsistence of small producers. Therefore, ensuring the purity and satisfactory quality of dairy goat products is essential for consumer safety. Accordingly, the present study aimed to detect adulteration of goat milk and curd goat cheese with bovine milk contaminants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, the detection limit of the PCR assay was tested using bovine milk added to goat milk at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 25.0%, 50.0%, and 100%. Subsequently, goat milk from 79 producers and 43 samples collected from community cooling tanks was tested. Curd goat cheese was subsequently manufactured in the laboratory according to technical recommendations. The quality of the curd cheese was assessed by adding the aforementioned concentrations of bovine milk to goat milk, and PCR was performed to detect contaminants. Genomic DNA was extracted from milk and curd cheese samples and subjected to amplification by PCR using specific primers. After amplification, PCR products were analyzed in 1.5% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized using a UV transilluminator. The quality of milk DNA was evaluated using...

Detection of bovine milk contaminants in adulterated milk and curd goat cheese / Detecção de fraude em leite e queijo de coalho caprino por adição de leite bovino

Background: Goat milk is quite useful as an alternative for feeding children and adults who are sensitive or allergic to bovine milk because of its peculiar characteristics, and goat milk ensures the subsistence of small producers. Therefore, ensuring the purity and satisfactory quality of dairy goat products is essential for consumer safety. Accordingly, the present study aimed to detect adulteration of goat milk and curd goat cheese with bovine milk contaminants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, the detection limit of the PCR assay was tested using bovine milk added to goat milk at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 25.0%, 50.0%, and 100%. Subsequently, goat milk from 79 producers and 43 samples collected from community cooling tanks was tested. Curd goat cheese was subsequently manufactured in the laboratory according to technical recommendations. The quality of the curd cheese was assessed by adding the aforementioned concentrations of bovine milk to goat milk, and PCR was performed to detect contaminants. Genomic DNA was extracted from milk and curd cheese samples and subjected to amplification by PCR using specific primers. After amplification, PCR products were analyzed in 1.5% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized using a UV transilluminator. The quality of milk DNA was evaluated using...(AU)

Qualidade microbiológica de produtos lácteos comercializados em dois municípios cearenses / Microbiological quality of milk products marketed in two cities of Ceara

o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de produtos lácteos comercializados nos municípios de Aracati e Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará. Quarenta amostras de derivados do leite (queijo de coalho, ricota, manteiga de garrafa e de doce de leite) foram coletadas e analisadas quanto ao número mais provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e presença de Salmonella spp. As determinações de bolores e leveduras foram realizadas somente nas amostras de doce de leite. Verificou-se que uma amostra de manteiga de garrafa evidenciou Salmonella. Vinte e duas amostras apresentaram contagens de coliformes totais superiores a 10 NMP/g, onde os queijos ricota e coalho foram os derivados com as maiores detecções. Os queijos ricota e coalho foram os derivados com as maiores contagens de coliformes termotolerantes, com 5 e 4 amostras, respectivamente, com valores acima de 5 x 102 NMP/g. As contagens S. coagulase positiva revelaram que 5 amostras de queijo ricota, 4 amostras de manteiga de garrafa e 3 amostras de queijo de coalho estavam em desconformidade com a legislação. As contagens de bolores e leveduras no doce de leite variaram de < 3,0 a 5,0 x 103 UFC/g. (AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of milk products marketed in the cities of Aracati and Limoeiro do Norte, Ceara. Forty samples of dairy products (coalho cheese, ricotta, bottled butter and sweet milk pasty) were collected and analyzed as to most probable number of total and thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus coagulase positive and presence of Salmonella spp. Counts of yeasts and molds were performed only in samples of sweet milk. It was found that a butter sample of bottle showed Salmonella. Twenty two samples had total coliform counts greater than 10 NMPIg, where the coalho cheese and ricotta showed the highest detections. The coalho cheese and ricotta were the dairy products with the highest counts of thermotolerant coliform, with 5 and 4 samples, respectively, with values above 5 x 102 NMP/g. The counts of S. coagulase positive showed that 5 samples of ricotta, 4 samples of bottled butter and 3 samples of coalho cheese were in disagreed with the legislation. The counts of yeasts and molds in sweet milk ranged from < 3.0 to 5.0 X 103 UFC/g. (AU)

Occurrence of Salmonella sp. and coagulase-positive staphylococci in raw eggs and Coalho cheese: comparative study between two cities of Brazil's northeast

Microbiological analyses of chicken eggs in Recife and Salvador have shown a high occurrence of Salmonella in the egg shells and yolks. Likewise, the occurrence of Salmonella plus coagulase-positive staphylococci in Coalho cheese reached alarming levels. The data revealed a significant risk of infections and intoxications from consuming these foods in the cities.(AU)

Avaliação da microbiota bacteriana do queijo de coalho artesanal produzido na região agreste do estado de Pernambuco / Evaluation of the bacterial microbiota of the artisanal "Coalho" of cheese produced in agreste region of the state of Pernambuco

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e o perfil ácido-láctico do queijo de coalho artesanal. Todas as amostras de queijo apresentaram coliformes totais, termotolerantes e presença de Escherichia coli, porém com os valores dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente no país. O perfil ácido-láctico estudado mostrou uma microbiota heterogênea, constituída por lactobacilos, lactococos, estreptococos e enterococos, confirmadas as espécies Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactococcus lactis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and lactic-acid profile of artisanal coalho cheese. All cheese samples analyzed showed total coliforms, were thermotolerant, and had Escherichia coli, but all the values were within the standards established by current legislation in the country, and could be considered a food fit for human consumption. The cheese showed a heterogeneous microbiota, being constituted of all tested genus, such as lactobacilli, lactococcus, streptococcus and enterococcus, and confirmed the species: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis.

Occurrence of Salmonella sp. and coagulase-positive staphylococci in raw eggs and Coalho cheese: comparative study between two cities of Brazil's northeast

Microbiological analyses of chicken eggs in Recife and Salvador have shown a high occurrence of Salmonella in the egg shells and yolks. Likewise, the occurrence of Salmonella plus coagulase-positive staphylococci in Coalho cheese reached alarming levels. The data revealed a significant risk of infections and intoxications from consuming these foods in the cities.

Occurrence of Salmonella sp. and coagulase-positive staphylococci in raw eggs and Coalho cheese: comparative study between two cities of Brazil's northeast.

Microbiological analyses of chicken eggs in Recife and Salvador have shown a high occurrence of Salmonella in the egg shells and yolks. Likewise, the occurrence of Salmonella plus coagulase-positive staphylococci in Coalho cheese reached alarming levels. The data revealed a significant risk of infections and intoxications from consuming these foods in the cities.

Avaliação da microbiota bacteriana do queijo de coalho artesanal produzido na região Agreste do estado de Pernambuco / Evaluation of the bacterial microbiota of the artisanal "Coalho" of cheese produced in Agreste Region of the State of Pernambuco

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e o perfil ácido-láctico do queijo de coalho artesanal. Todas as amostras de queijo apresentaram coliformes totais, termotolerantes e presença de Escherichia coli, porém com os valores dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente no país. O perfil ácido-láctico estudado mostrou uma microbiota heterogênea, constituída por lactobacilos, lactococos, estreptococos e enterococos, confirmadas as espécies Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactococcus lactis.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality and lactic-acid profile of artisanal coalho cheese. All cheese samples analyzed showed total coliforms, were thermotolerant, and had Escherichia coli, but all the values were within the standards established by current legislation in the country, and could be considered a food fit for human consumption. The cheese showed a heterogeneous microbiota, being constituted of all tested genus, such as lactobacilli, lactococcus, streptococcus and enterococcus, and confirmed the species: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis.(AU)

Estudo das características sensoriais e da composição química de queijo de coalho industrializado / Sensorial characteristics and chemical composition of manufactured coalho cheese

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características de queijo de coalho industrializado utilizando a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ), teste de aceitabilidade, intenção de compra e análises físico-químicas. O teste de aceitabilidade foi realizado por 50 consumidores. A amostra A foi analisada nos aspectos como: aroma típico de queijo de coalho e sabor típico de queijo de coalho; a amostra B foi caracterizada pela coloração amarela e qualidade de mastigação. Os atributos, como olhaduras, sabor de gordura e sabor ácido não foram relevantes na caracterização das amostras analisadas. A amostra C recebeu maior pontuação nos atributos como aroma de manteiga (5,4) e sabor salgado (4,6). A amostra A obteve a maior média de aceitabilidade para aparência (7,14) e sabor (7,02) e, consequentemente, a maior intenção de compra nos conceitos “certamente compraria” (40,0%) e “provavelmente compraria” (32,0%). As amostras apresentaram alto teor de umidade, variando de 51,98% (amostra A) – 53,25% (amostra C). A amostra A apresentou teor de cloreto de 1,37%, acidez de 0,91 (g% de ácido láctico) e pH 6,0. O teor de sal e a porcentagem de acidez encontrados na amostra A estão próximos aos valores desejáveis para queijo de coalho.

This study evaluated the defining features of manufactured coalho cheese by Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), as acceptability test, purchasing intention and physical-chemical analyses. The acceptability test was carried out by 50 consumers. The sample A was assessed on the features as typical curd cheese aroma, typical curd cheese taste, while sample B was evaluated on its yellow color and chewiness. Characteristics as holes, fatty taste, and acid taste were not relevant for qualifying any of the samples. Sample C was highly scored on buttery aroma (5.4) and salty taste (4.6). Sample A received the highest acceptance score on appearance (7.14) and taste (7.02) features, and therefore it got the highest purchasing intention score, being “I would certainly buy” (40.0%) and “I would probably buy” (32.0%). The samples showed a highhumidity varying from 51.98% (sample A) to 53.25% (sample C). Chloride contents in sample A was 1.37%, and acidity of 0.91 (g% of lactic acid) and pH 6.0. Presumably, the salt contents and the percentage of acid found in sample A are close to the desirable rates for coalho cheese.