Women's Health: Coming of Age on 2024.

The focus of the life and work of an obstetrics and gynaecological specialist is improving women's health, hence it is imperative that this issue be addressed in the Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of India while we are still fresh with our memories of the "International women's day" celebration. The multidimensional impact of health and well-being of women has now been realised not only in the medical field but also in the realms of socioeconomic development. Governments all over the world are now paying special attention towards improving infrastructure, policymaking and implementation strategies to uplift the quality of healthcare for women and children, which  are now also important components of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is heartening to see worldwide interdisciplinary collaboration and coordination to achieve this vital goal and include every aspect of women's healthcare through the "lifecycle" approach and "holistic care" protocols.

Precarious adolescence: Adolescent rickets and anterior sacral angulation in two Dutch skeletal collections from the 18th-19th centuries.

OBJECTIVE: This project aims to provide an objective approach to suggesting cases of adolescent rickets using the presence of anterior sacral angulation and interglobular dentine. MATERIALS: Sacra from 49 individuals from Hattem and 150 individuals from Middenbeemster, and second and third molars from five individuals from Hattem were analyzed. Both sites date to the 17th to 19th centuries. METHODS: The sacra were visually assessed for sacral angulation and measured to quantify anterior sacral angulation. The sampled molars were thin sectioned to look for the presence of interglobular dentine. RESULTS: Metric analysis determined that seven individuals had significantly anteriorly angled sacra. Three of the five individuals with sampled molars had interglobular dentine formed during adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent rickets may be associated with anterior sacral angulation. SIGNIFICANCE: Anterior sacral angulation may help identify possible cases of adolescent rickets in archaeological human remains. LIMITATIONS: The small sample size for the molars prevented the identification of more individuals with interglobular dentine present during adolescence. Several individuals with visibly angled sacra were unmeasurable due to post-mortem damage and lacked molars. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Research on a larger sample would allow us to understand better the association between anterior sacral angulation and adolescent rickets.

Cuando las drogas ya no molan. Narrativas de madurez sobre la adicción de Skins a Euphoria / When drugs are no longer cool. Coming-of-age narratives on addiction from Skins to Euphoria

Introducción: Las series de televisión pueden actuar como una de las principales fuentes de información sobre las adicciones. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la representación fiel de la adicción en cuanto a su realidad clínica y social es todavía escasa, principalmente porque requiere un enfoque interdisciplinar de mayor complejidad. Metodología: este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la representación narrativa de la adicción a las drogas a través de dos estudios de caso de las series de televisión: Euphoria (Levinson et al., 2017-2021) y Skins (Elsley et al., 2013-2017). Además, pretende identificar qué estereotipos siguen predominando en la pantalla. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las series de televisión actuales intentan optar por mejores representaciones. Discusión y conclusiones: a pesar de la complejidad de los imaginarios sobre las drogas en estas series, todavía se produce una perpetuación de ideas y representaciones erróneas debido a una tensión entre mostrar valores realistas y educativos (edutainment) o bien optar por un drama audiovisual y narrativo apasionante. Finalmente, cabe señalar que la serie de televisión critica cómo la responsabilidad de la recuperación recae en la persona y no en el sistema. (AU)

Introduction: Television series can act as one of the primary sources of information on addiction. However, research on the accurate representation of addiction concerning its clinical and social reality is still lacking, mainly because it requires an interdisciplinary approach with higher complexity. Methods_ this article aims to analyze the narrative depiction of drug addiction through two TV series case studies_ Euphoria (Levinson et al., 2017-2021) and Skins (Elsley et al., 2013-2017). Moreover, it intends to identify which stereotypes are still predominant on-screen. Results_ current TV series try to opt for better representations. Discussion_ the perpetuation of misconceptions and misrepresentations is still due to a tension between showing realistic, educational values (edutainment) and opting for a gripping audio-visual and narrative drama. Finally, the TV series criticizes how the responsibility for the recovery is placed on the persona rather than the system. (AU)

When drugs are no longer cool. Coming-of-age narratives on addiction from Skins to Euphoria / Cuando las drogas ya no molan. Narrativas de madurez sobre la adicción de Skins a Euphoria

Introduction: Television series can act as one of the primary sources of information on addiction. However, research on the accurate representation of addiction concerning its clinical and social reality is still lacking, mainly because it requires an interdisciplinary approach with higher complexity. Methods_ this article aims to analyze the narrative depiction of drug addiction through two TV series case studies_ Euphoria (Levinson et al., 2017-2021) and Skins (Elsley et al., 2013-2017). Moreover, it intends to identify which stereotypes are still predominant on-screen. Results_ current TV series try to opt for better representations. Discussion_ the perpetuation of misconceptions and misrepresentations is still due to a tension between showing realistic, educational values (edutainment) and opting for a gripping audio-visual and narrative drama. Finally, the TV series criticizes how the responsibility for the recovery is placed on the persona rather than the system. (AU)

Introducción: Las series de televisión pueden actuar como una de las principales fuentes de información sobre las adicciones. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la representación fiel de la adicción en cuanto a su realidad clínica y social es todavía escasa, principalmente porque requiere un enfoque interdisciplinar de mayor complejidad. Metodología: este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la representación narrativa de la adicción a las drogas a través de dos estudios de caso de las series de televisión: Euphoria (Levinson et al., 2017-2021) y Skins (Elsley et al., 2013-2017). Además, pretende identificar qué estereotipos siguen predominando en la pantalla. Resultados: Los resultados muestran que las series de televisión actuales intentan optar por mejores representaciones. Discusión y conclusiones: a pesar de la complejidad de los imaginarios sobre las drogas en estas series, todavía se produce una perpetuación de ideas y representaciones erróneas debido a una tensión entre mostrar valores realistas y educativos (edutainment) o bien optar por un drama audiovisual y narrativo apasionante. Finalmente, cabe señalar que la serie de televisión critica cómo la responsabilidad de la recuperación recae en la persona y no en el sistema. (AU)

Impact of the Coming-of-Age Day and ceremony on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Japan: A natural-experimental study based on national surveillance data.

BACKGROUND: Quantifying the impact on COVID-19 transmission from a single event has been difficult due to the virus transmission dynamics, such as lag from exposure to reported infection, non-linearity arising from the person-to-person transmission, and the modifying effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions over time. To address these issues, we aimed to estimate the COVID-19 transmission risk of social events focusing on the Japanese Coming-of-Age Day and Coming-of-Age ceremony in which "new adults" practice risky behavior on that particular day. METHODS: Using national surveillance data in Japan in 2021 and 2022, we conducted difference-in-differences regression against COVID-19 incidences by setting "new adults" cases as the treatment group and the cases 1 year younger or older than these "new adults" as the control group. In addition, we employed a triple differences approach to estimate the risk of holding the Coming-Age ceremony by using a binary variable regarding the presence or absence of the ceremony in each municipality. RESULTS: We estimated the relative risks (RRs) of the Coming-of-Age Day as 1.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.57) in 2021 and 3.22 (95% CI 2.68-3.86) in 2022. The RR of the Coming-of-Age ceremony was also large, estimated as 2.83 (1.81-4.43) in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: When planning large social events, it is important to be aware of the unique risks associated with these gatherings, along with effective public health messages to best communicate these risks.

Fried Green Tomatoes and The Color Purple: A case study in lesbian friendship and cultural controversy.

Published in the 1980s, Fannie Flagg's Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Café and Alice Walker's The Color Purple are lesbian coming-of-age narratives that share a great deal in common in terms of their thematic content, publication histories, and cultural afterlives. In both novels, female friendships are shaped by patriarchal violence and develop in the context of the rural, segregated, early twentieth-century U.S. South. But the two novels also diverge in significant ways, as differences in race, gender, class, and sexuality shape their protagonists' experiences of love and friendship. As filmmakers Steven Spielberg and Jon Avnet adapted these novels for the screen, they made decisions about how to portray the texts' representations of homoerotic friendship and same-sex love. Both films generated significant cultural controversy as a result, particularly as some viewers claimed that the films elided the novels' representations of lesbian sexuality. Building upon recent scholarship in critical race theory, queer theory, and friendship studies, I argue that Walker's and Flagg's representations of queer friendship, a term that I describe in more detail throughout the essay, subvert dominant classifications of romantic, familial, and platonic love. By comparatively analyzing the American public's reception of the two film adaptations in conjunction with close readings of scenes from the novels and films, I reveal how representations of queer friendship not only catalyze cultural controversy, but also serve as a vehicle of social criticism.

Audre's daughter: Black lesbian steganography in Dee Rees' Pariah and Audre Lorde's Zami: A New Spelling of My Name.

This article argues that African-American director Dee Rees' critically acclaimed debut Pariah (2011) is a rewriting of lesbian poet-activist Audre Lorde's iconic "bio-mythography" Zami: A New Spelling of My Name (1982). The article examines how Rees' work creatively and subtly re-envisions Lorde's Zami by way of deeply rooted and often cleverly camouflaged patterns, resonances, and contrasts. Shared topics include naming, mother-daughter bonds, the role of clothing in identity formation, domestic abuse, queer time, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender legacy discourse construction. What emerges between the visual and written texts is a hidden language of connection--what may be termed Black lesbian steganography--which proves thought-provoking to viewers and readers alike.