Parents' Beliefs about Children's Emotions and Children's Social Skills: The Mediating Role of Parents' Emotion Regulation.

Few studies have investigated the relationship between parents' beliefs about children's emotions and children's social skills. Fewer studies have addressed this association and its underlying mechanisms while obtaining data from both parents. In this context, the present study explores the mediating role of parents' emotion regulation in the association between parents' beliefs about children's emotions and children's social skills. The participants were 90 parental dyads (N = 180) with typically developing preschool children. They completed self-report scales regarding parents' beliefs about their children's emotions, parents' emotion regulation, and children's social skills. The data were analyzed using the common fate mediation model (CFM with mediation). The results indicate that only parents' cognitive reappraisal mediates the relationship between their emotion-related beliefs and their children's social skills. Specifically, parental beliefs about "children's anger is valuable" and "children use their emotions to manipulate others" are directly and negatively associated with children's social skills, and indirectly through the parents' cognitive reappraisal. Future intervention programs should focus on restructuring parents' beliefs and their ability to regulate emotions.

Adolescent problematic gaming and its association with maternal behaviors: A dyadic study focusing on the relational-emotional correlates.

INTRODUCTION: Associations between Problematic Gaming (PG) and the relational-emotional correlates of parenting have been reported in the literature. Previous research mostly collected information from adolescents, however, and suggested that little is known about the perceptions of parents and whether these are shared among parent-adolescent dyads. Therefore, this study aimed to (a) examine multiple informants' reports of adolescent PG and maternal behaviors (i.e., warmth and indifference) and (b) disentangle the associations between the behaviors shared by mothers and adolescents from those unique to each member. METHOD: Data were collected by using self-administered online questionnaires from 137 Italian mother-adolescent dyads in Italy. The mean age of adolescents (n = 92 males, n = 42 females, n = 3 nonbinary) was 14.68 (±1.25) years and that of mothers 47.48 (±4.69) years. Descriptive statistics and common fate model (CFM) analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Mothers reported higher scores of their offspring's PG. Within-reporter interclass correlations revealed positive associations between maternal indifference and adolescent PG for both informants. CFM indicated that correlations between maternal behaviors and adolescent PG based on shared perceptions did not reach statistical significance, whereas correlations based on unique mothers' perceptions were statistically significant for all the observed relationships. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of adolescent PG, mothers may have a heightened motivation to perceive their parenting as crucial. The multi-informant approach allows a more accurate examination of the associations between adolescent PG and maternal behaviors and underscores the need to consider discordant assessment of the same phenomenon between mothers and adolescents.

Relationship of common dyadic coping to marital satisfaction and quality of life for patients with brain injury and their spouses in a rehabilitation facility: using common fate model / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate common dyadic coping (CDC) in linking with marital satisfaction and quality of life (QOL) in patients with brain injury and their spouses in a rehabilitation facility by using common fate model (CFM). MethodsFrom October, 2022 to June, 2023, 101 brain injury inpatients and their spouses in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital completed the questionnaire of Dyadic Coping Inventory, Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Life. ResultsThe level of CDC between patients and their spouses significantly positively correlated with their marital satisfaction for both partners (β = 0.814, P < 0.001), as well as correlated with their quality of life (β = 0.271, P = 0.038; β = 0.481, P < 0.001). For the dimensions of QOL, the physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental dimensions significantly positive correlated with the CDC for the spouses, and only psychological and social relationship dimensions for the patients. ConclusionFacing the stress of brain injury, the level of CDC within couples can positively predict their marital satisfaction and QOL, and effect seems stronger for the spouses. It is advisable to consider both brain injured patients and their spouses as a whole to promote psychological adaptation and improve rehabilitation outcomes.

Examining cross-level effects in dyadic analysis: A structural equation modeling perspective.

The actor-partner interdependence (APIM) and common-fate (CFM) models for dyadic data are well understood and widely applied. The actor and partner coefficients estimated in the APIM reflect the associations between individual-level variance components, whereas the CFM coefficient describes the association between dyad-level variance components. Additionally, both models assume that the theoretically relevant and/or empirically dominant component of variability resides at the same level (individual or dyad) across the predictor and outcome variables. The present work recasts the APIM and CFM in terms of dyadic nonindependence, or the extent to which a given variable reflects dyad- versus individual-level processes, and describes a pair of hybrid actor-partner and common-fate models that connect variance components residing at different levels. A series of didactic examples illustrate how the traditional APIM and CFM can be combined with the hybrid models to describe mediational processes that span the individual and dyad levels.

Couples' Shared Beliefs About Aging and Implications for Future Functional Limitations.

Purpose of the Study: Individual beliefs are known to be predictive of health. This study examines the co-construction of couple norms and links couples' shared beliefs about aging to future individuals' and couples' functional limitations. Design and Methods: Data from the 2008 and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1,231 couples; age range = 51-90) were analyzed using latent variables that estimated shared and individual variance in beliefs about aging in 2008 and functional limitations at follow-up in 2014. Spouses' individual processes of physical activity and disease burden were modeled to contribute to couples' shared beliefs about aging and subsequent functional limitations. Models progressively controlled for indicators of partner selection, couples' shared health experiences, and similarities and differences in age. Results: Couples' beliefs about aging predicted future functional limitations. The effect magnitude decreased but remained significant in all models. Physical activity predicted couples' future functional limitations but was largely explained by shared health experiences and similarities and differences in age for wives and husbands, respectively. Disease burden contributed to couples' shared beliefs about aging. Husbands' contributions were explained by partner selection, but wives' contributions remained significant in all models. The effect of couples' shared beliefs on change in couples' functional limitations was explained by couples' shared health experiences. Implications: Beliefs about aging and health occur within the context of close relationships and shared experiences. Knowledge of couples' beliefs and health is necessary to support their individual and collective efforts to age successfully together.

Maternal Psychological Control and Its Association with Mother and Child Perceptions of Adolescent Adjustment: More Evidence on the Strength of Shared Perspectives.

Mothers and adolescents hold distinct albeit correlated views of their relationship and of one another. The present study focuses on disentangling these independent views. Concurrent associations between maternal psychological control and children's adjustment are examined at two time points in order to identify the degree to which associations reflect (a) views that are shared by mothers and adolescents, and (b) views that are unique to mothers and adolescents. A total of 123 (56 % female) U.S. Latino/a adolescents (M = 10.4 years old at the outset) and their mothers reported on maternal psychological control, children's conduct problems, and children's anxiety, twice within a 5-month period. Data were collected at the close of primary school when the adolescents were in grade 5 and again at the beginning of middle school, when they were in grade 6. Results from conventional correlations indicated that mother- and adolescent-reports yielded similar associations between maternal psychological control and adolescent adjustment. Common fate model analyses partitioned results into variance shared across mother and adolescent reports and variance unique to mother and adolescent reports. Results differed for anxiety and conduct problems. Shared views indicated that greater maternal psychological control was associated with heightened child conduct problems; there were no associations unique to either reporter. In contrast, unique reporter views indicated that greater maternal psychological control was associated with child anxiety; there were no associations involving shared views. Although mother- and adolescent-reports agree that maternal psychological control is correlated with children's adjustment, there is considerable divergence in results when associations are partitioned according to shared and unique reporter views. Associations between maternal psychological control and children's anxiety are more apt to be inflated by same-reporter variance bias than are associations between maternal psychological control and children's conduct problems.