RESUMO
Abstract Introduction Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare inherited disease that results in a malfunction of mucociliary clearance and sinonasal complaints. Aplasia/hypoplasia of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses has been described as more frequent in this population. However, to date, no studies have provided a detailed description of computed tomography findings in adult patients with a diagnosis of this condition. Objective To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Methods Retrospective observational study of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia who underwent CT. Results Twenty-one adults were included in the study. Aplasia occurred in 38.1% of frontal sinuses and in 14.3% of sphenoid sinuses. Likewise, hypoplasia occurred in 47.6% of the frontal sinuses, in 54.8% of the sphenoid sinuses and in 40.5% of the maxillary sinuses. Furthermore, trabecular loss was identified in 61.9% ethmoidal sinuses. The mean Lund-Mackay score was 13.5. In addition, 9.5% of the patients had concha bullosa, 47.6% had marked bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy, 38.1% had marked middle turbinate hypertrophy, and 47.6% had marked septal deviation. Finally, we identified images suggestive of fungus ball, mucocele, osteoma, a possible antrochoanal polyp, and frontal bone erosions. Conclusion The present study provides a detailed description of CT findings in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. We also describe abnormalities that must be identified for safer surgical planning and that suggest a diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia if found in patients with a consistent clinical picture.
RESUMO
Introduction Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare inherited disease that results in a malfunction of mucociliary clearance and sinonasal complaints. Aplasia/hypoplasia of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses has been described as more frequent in this population. However, to date, no studies have provided a detailed description of computed tomography findings in adult patients with a diagnosis of this condition. Objective To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Methods Retrospective observational study of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia who underwent CT. Results Twenty-one adults were included in the study. Aplasia occurred in 38.1% of frontal sinuses and in 14.3% of sphenoid sinuses. Likewise, hypoplasia occurred in 47.6% of the frontal sinuses, in 54.8% of the sphenoid sinuses and in 40.5% of the maxillary sinuses. Furthermore, trabecular loss was identified in 61.9% ethmoidal sinuses. The mean Lund-Mackay score was 13.5. In addition, 9.5% of the patients had concha bullosa, 47.6% had marked bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy, 38.1% had marked middle turbinate hypertrophy, and 47.6% had marked septal deviation. Finally, we identified images suggestive of fungus ball, mucocele, osteoma, a possible antrochoanal polyp, and frontal bone erosions. Conclusion The present study provides a detailed description of CT findings in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. We also describe abnormalities that must be identified for safer surgical planning and that suggest a diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia if found in patients with a consistent clinical picture.
RESUMO
La neurocisticercosis es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia en países tropicales y de bajos recursos, sin embargo su incidencia ha aumentado en países desarrollados. Este es el caso de una mujer de 49 años con neurocisticercosis subaracnoidea generalizada asociada a compromiso encefálico y medular, una presentación rara de este parásito neurotrópico,con convulsiones y limitación motora severa. Las imágenes muestran respuesta inflamatoria generalizada del cerebro y el espacio subaracnoideo, hidrocefalia y múltiples lesiones calcificadas, reafirmando la importancia de las neuroimágenes para la correlación clínica y el diagnóstico de las enfermedades infecciosas cerebrales como la neurocisticercosis, con variabilidad en la presentación y múltiples compromisos del sistema nervioso central.
Neurocysticercosis is a disease of high prevalence in tropical and low-income countries and its incidence has been increased in developed countries. This is the case of 49-year-old woman with generalized subarachnoid neurocysticercosis associated to encephalic and medullar compromise, a rare presentation of this neurotropic parasite, with seizures and severe motor limitation. Images showed generalized inflammatory response of the brain and spinal subarachnoid space, hydrocephalus and multiple calcified lesions, demonstrating and reaffirming the importance of neuroimaging tools for the clinical correlation and diagnosis of brain infectious diseases as neurocysticercosis with variability on the presentation and multiple central nervous system involvement.