Gamification using technologies for occupational safety training in the civil construction sector.

BACKGROUND: Although regulatory norms on work safety offer guidelines for organizing and preventing accidents, the construction site is an environment susceptible to deviations, sometimes due to the lack of effective training. To this end, technologies such as virtual reality become possibilities for innovations with great advantages, as they allow simulations, modeling, exploratory environments and games, which allow the user to create a greater connection and interest in the subject in question. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present the technological advances applied in safety-oriented training in the construction industry worldwide, emphasizing serious games through a systematic review of the literature. METHODS: The review was carried out using five scientific databases, with a research protocol to answer questions about the application of gamification to guarantee the safety of workers. RESULTS: Fifteen articles were evaluated, with descriptive, observational research and case studies. It was found that the use of technologies in construction safety is not yet a common reality in the sector, as it presents challenges and limitations, such as gameplay and issues related to cost. However, they show great potential as a dynamic solution in the training of civil construction workers, effectively collaborating in accident prevention and work safety. CONCLUSION: Several software programs and applications were found for creating three-dimensional scenes and for providing users with a customized experience according to the needs observed in the virtual interaction; building information modeling tools, which promote realistic project modeling; and equipment to visualize the scenes created. Furthermore, the possibility of combining traditional theoretical teaching with serious games was verified. However, gamification applicability is an alternative that still has limitations, in addition to the lack of flexibility in the rules imposed on the game, hampering users' authenticity in making decisions.

Digital tools for prevention through design application: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Prevention through Design (PtD) is a safety initiative that increases the ability of eliminating risks before construction. Implementing digital tools for PtD is an innovative way to help identify embedded risk in design phase by automating a process that is currently time consuming and extensively dependent on designers' experience. However, there is a lack of known digital safety tools available to professionals. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to systematically review published research on the development of digital tools for PtD in order to point out existing processes and limitations. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) guidelines were used to search publications in Scopus database. Initially, 148 publications were found, but after applying the filters, thirteen publications were read and included in this review. RESULTS: Quantitative results showed few publications and quantitative results detailed the studied digital tools workings and what limitations prevent their full implementation by designers. CONCLUSION: Although 53.84% of methods are automatic, existing barriers such as the inability to consider schedule, and to provide a complete database challenge the validity of these tools. Therefore, PtD still poses a research gap for future research on safety matters.

Critical Analysis of the Evaluation Methods of Extended Reality (XR) Experiences for Construction Safety.

The construction industry has high accident rates. The sector is exploring various tools to improve safety management, training, and awareness to achieve zero accidents. This work focuses on extended reality (XR), which encompasses virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies. Several authors have developed training experiences for construction safety in XR environments with positive conclusions about their effectiveness. However, there is no standardization regarding the evaluation methods used in the sector, and many experiences do not use any method. This lack is critical, as whenever the aim is to evaluate the degree of awareness of security issues, the implementation of evaluation systems is indispensable to make known the methods used in the literature to evaluate the effectiveness of the experiences and represent support for future research. This research identifies developments in XR experiences and analyzes the validation methods through a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology. It identifies two evaluation methods, objective and subjective, which are each broken down into four categories. The results show the types of evaluation, safety-related purposes, and safety application objectives used by the database classification.

Guidelines for exploring construction sites in virtual reality environments for hazard identification.

The use of virtual reality devices for exploring construction sites is a promising alternative to anticipate problems and reduce the occurrence of work-related accidents. The present study drew comparisons between different ways of performing virtual exploration to improve workers' safety on construction sites. These comparisons allowed the proposal of guidelines for modelling and exploring construction site simulations using low-cost immersive virtual reality devices. Eight construction managers participated in two virtual reality simulations in which they had to identify hazards to the workers. Considering the volunteers' opinion, the time used and the number of hazards identified, the study concluded that the best simulation mode was one in which the user rigidly followed the guidelines of a protocol for their displacement and hazard analysis. The results of the study indicated that the procedures for virtual exploration of the construction site should be standardized, providing greater focus on hazard identification.

Estrategias y herramientas de capacitación en seguridad y salud en el trabajo, en el sector construcción / Strategies and Tools for Occupational Health and Safety Training in the Construction Sector / Estratégias e ferramentas para treinamento em segurança e saúde ocupacional no setor de construção

Introducción: En los últimos años, el sector de la construcción en Colombia se ha ubicado en el cuarto lugar entre los sectores económicos con mayor accidentalidad. Las cifras indican que de los 1233 accidentes laborales en el país, 156 pertenecían a este sector. La capacitación en seguridad y salud en el trabajo desempeña un papel funda-mental para reducir los índices de accidentalidad. Objetivo: Mencionar algunas estrategias y herramientas digitales actualizadas para la capacitación en seguridad y salud en el trabajo en el sector de la construcción. Método: Revisión teórico-descriptiva de tipo documental. Algunas bases de datos consultadas fueron: Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, Proquest y Pubmed. Como criterio de selección se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español a partir del 2015 y algunos anteriores como referentes históricos. De más de 80 trabajos consultados, 53 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión; además, se validó cada descriptor en ciencias de la salud (Decs). Conclusiones: Existen diferentes estrategias y herramientas que podrían usarse para la capacitación en riesgos laborales, que van desde las actividades lúdicas, pasando por herramientas digitales, hasta estrategias de participación activa del trabajador que permitan una mayor concientización y apropiación del conocimiento en materia de seguridad, que incentiven la aplicación de prácticas seguras, teniendo en cuenta su contexto crítico de accidentalidad

Introduction: In recent years, the construction sector in Colombia, has ranked fourth among the economic sectors with the highest accident rates in the country, figures indicate that of the 1233 occupational accidents in Colombia, 156 belong to the construction sector. Occupational health and safety training plays a fundamental role in reducing accident rates. Objective: To mention some updated strategies and digital tools for training in occupational safety and health in the construction sector. Method: Theoretical and descriptive documentary review. Some databases consulted were Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, Proquest and Pubmed. As a selection criterion, articles in English and Spanish from 2015 and some previous ones were included as historical references. Of more than 60 papers consulted, 53 met the inclusion criteria, in addition, each Descriptor in Health Sciences (DeCS) was validated. Conclusions: There are different strategies and tools that could be used for training in occupational hazards, ranging from playful activities, digital tools and strategies of active worker participation that allow greater awareness and appropriation of knowledge on safety, encouraging the application of safe practices taking into account their critical context of accident rate.

Introdução: Nos últimos anos, o setor de construção na Colômbia ocupou o quarto lugar entre os setores econômicos com maior índice de acidentes. Os números indicam que dos 1233 acidentes de trabalho ocorridos no país, 156 ocorreram neste setor. O treinamento em segurança e saúde ocupa-cional tem um papel fundamental na redução das taxas de acidentes. Objetivo: Mencionar algumas estratégias e ferramentas digitais atualizadas para o treinamento em segurança e saúde ocupacional no setor de construção. Método: Revisão teórico-descritiva de tipo documental. Alguns bancos de dados consultados foram: Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciELO, Proquest e Pubmed. Os critérios de seleção incluíram artigos em inglês e espanhol a partir de 2015 e alguns artigos anteriores como referentes históricas. Dos mais de 80 artigos consultados, 53 preenchiam os critérios de inclusão; além disso, foi validada cada pala-vra-chave nos descritores em ciências da saúde (Decs). Conclusões: Existem diferentes estratégias e ferramentas que poderiam ser utilizadas para o treina-mento sobre riscos ocupacionais, desde atividades lúdicas, passando por ferramentas digitais, até es-tratégias de participação ativa dos trabalhadores que permitem maior conscientização e apropriação de conhecimentos sobre segurança, que incentivam a aplicação de práticas seguras, levando em conta seu contexto critico de acidentes