Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis "Fall risk in adults (00303)" in elderly people in the community-dwelling.

PURPOSE: To identify the risk factors for the nursing diagnosis of fall risk in adults (00303) in elderly people in the community-dwelling. METHOD: This is a methodological study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with elderly people living in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, from February to December 2018. For data collection, the demographic profile, Mini-Mental State Examination, diseases self-reported, functional independence measure, Lawton and Brody scale, geriatric depression scale, and self-perception of gait instruments were used. Tests of accuracy and association of risk factors with p ≤ 0.05 were performed. FINDINGS: A total of 262 elderly people, aged over 80 years (55.7%), 71% of which were female and 42.7% were widowed, were included in the sample. A total of 82.1% had vascular diseases, 72.1% had diabetes, and 20.6% had depression. The predominant risk factors were difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (58.8%), cognitive dysfunction (43.5%), and depressive symptoms (26.3%). Difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living had a sensitivity greater than 60%. The positive and negative predictive values were mostly greater than 50%. In the regression analysis, it was found that the elderly have a higher risk of suffering a fall if they present anxiety (p = 0.05), impaired physical mobility (p = 0.02), and difficulty to perform instrumental activities of daily living as risk factors (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: It was possible to identify the presence of risk factors for the diagnosis fall risk in adults (00303) in the clinical context of the elderly in home settings and contribute to the clinical validation of the taxonomy, increase the evidence and importance of the diagnosis, and generate new knowledge for gerontological nursing. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: To help nurses identify risk factors that lead elderly people to suffer falls at home and to implement preventive actions in their community with the support of their families.

OBJETIVO: Identificar os fatores de risco para o diagnóstico de enfermagem Risco de Quedas em adultos (00303) em idosos do domicílio. MÉTODO: Trata­se de um estudo metodológico, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com idosos residentes na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2018. Para coleta de dados foram utilizados instrumentos de perfil sociodemográfico, Mini exame do Estado Mental, doenças autorreferidas, Medida de Independência Funcional, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e autopercepção da marcha. Foram realizados testes de acurácia e associação de fatores de risco com p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Participaram 262 idosos, com idade superior a 80 anos (55,7%), sendo 71% do sexo feminino e 42,7% viúvos. Um total de 82,1% tinha doenças vasculares, 72,1% tinham diabetes e 20,6% tinham depressão. Os fatores de risco predominantes foram dificuldade para realizar atividades instrumentais de vida diária (58,8%), déficit cognitivo (43,5%) e sintomas depressivos (26,3%). A dificuldade para realizar atividades instrumentais da vida diária apresentou sensibilidade superior a 60%. Os valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram em sua maioria superiores a 50%. Na análise de regressão constatou­se que os idosos apresentam maior risco de sofrer queda se apresentarem Ansiedade (p = 0,05), Mobilidade física prejudicada (p = 0,02) e Dificuldade para realizar atividades instrumentais de vida diária (p = 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível identificar a presença de fatores de risco para o diagnóstico Risco de queda em adultos (00303) no contexto clínico do idoso em ambiente domiciliar e contribuir para a validação clínica da taxonomia, aumentar a evidência e a importância do diagnóstico e gerar novos conhecimentos para a enfermagem gerontológica. IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM: Ajudar os enfermeiros a identificar os fatores de risco que levam os idosos a sofrer quedas no domicílio e a implementar ações preventivas na sua comunidade com o apoio dos seus familiares.

Development and Validation of an Auricular Acupuncture Protocol for the Management of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients.

Auricular acupuncture (AA) has been used to manage chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). However, the application of the technique varies widely among the clinical trials that test its effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to develop and clinically validate an AA protocol for the management of CINV in cancer patients. This study was carried out in two stages: (1) development of the AA protocol for the management of CINV and (2) clinical validation of the protocol. The content validity of the protocol was determined by a panel of specialists, with an agreement rate ranging from 85.7% to 100%. In the clinical validation, when administered to cancer patients, the protocol developed has been shown to reduce the incidence, frequency, severity, and length of nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy, as well as the severity of nausea and anticipatory nausea following chemotherapy. This protocol needs to be tested in future studies, including a pilot study with a sham group and a randomized clinical trial, in order to further evaluate its feasibility, acceptability, safety, and clinical usefulness for the management of CINV.

Adolescent Assertiveness Assessment Scale: Evidence of Content Validity / Escala de Habilidades Assertivas para Adolescentes: Evidências de Validade de Conteúdo

Abstract This study aimed to present the process of elaborating the Adolescent Assertiveness Assessment Scale (AAA-S). Based on the analysis of judges, evidence of the validity of the content of the instrument was established, assessing the criteria of relevance, pertinence, and clarity of the items. In addition, a study with a sample of the instrument's target population showed good indices for the comprehensibility of the items (semantic validity). Based on these results, the illustrated version of the instrument was elaborated, which underpins the general scope of the psychometric study on the construct validity and accuracy of AAA-S and sheds light on the development of new studies on the factorial validity of the instrument.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar o processo de elaboração da escala de avaliação das Habilidades Assertivas para Adolescentes (EHA-A). A partir da análise de juízes foi possível observar evidências de validade de conteúdo do instrumento, sendo avaliados critérios de pertinência, relevância e clareza dos itens. Além disso, um estudo com uma amostra da população-alvo do instrumento demonstrou bons índices de compreensibilidade dos itens (validade semântica). A partir desses resultados, foi elaborada a versão ilustrada do instrumento, a qual corrobora com o escopo geral da investigação psicométrica acerca da validade de construto e da precisão da EHA-A, lançando luz para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos acerca da validade fatorial do instrumento.

Implementation of a Canine Ergonomic Abdominal Simulator for Training Basic Laparoscopic Skills in Veterinarians.

The validity of the CALMA Veterinary Lap-trainer simulator (CVLTS) for training basic veterinary laparoscopic skills was assessed and compared to a simple collapsible mobile box trainer. Ten veterinarian surgeons with no experience in laparoscopic surgery and four experts with at least two years of experience in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) were included. The training curriculum included object transfer, non-woven gauze cutting with curved scissors, and interrupted and continuous intracorporeal sutures, which were practiced on the CVLTS. The initial and final assessments were carried out in both the CVLTS and in a collapsible mobile simulator. These were video-recorded and evaluated by external experts using the Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) and a specific scale evaluation in a double-blinded schedule. The time, angular displacement, number, and movement smoothness were recorded using a hands movement assessment system (HMAS). Through a survey, the face validity and content were evaluated. The data were analyzed by a Pearson's proportions comparison or Mann Whitney U test and a bilateral Student's t-test. The experimental group OSATS, specific scores, and HMAS values, with the exception of the smoothness of movements, significantly improved after training, with no statistically significant differences compared to the expert group. No differences were found between the two simulators. The experts' and experimental participants' CVLTS mean score was 4.8. Our data support the CVLTS validations for laparoscopic surgery basic skills training.

Validation of the Cognitive Fusion Scale in Cuban adults with anxiety symptoms / Validación de la Escala de Fusión Cognitiva en adultos cubanos con síntomas de ansiedad

ABSTRACT Background: Cognitive Fusion (CF) is a psychological problem that is a fundamental concept within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The Cognitive Fusion Scale (CFS), which is used to measure this concept, has not been adapted or validated in Cuba. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the CFA in adults with anxiety symptoms. Method: Qualitative and quantitative techniques were combined: Expert interview, correlation and concordance coefficients and factor analysis. Result: The CFQ was adapted from a linguistic and cultural perspective. Nine experts were consulted and consensus was assessed using the content validity coefficient of appropriateness (0.97). During piloting with 35 people, the test achieved a Cronbach's α coefficient (0.927). When the adapted test was applied to 106 adults with anxiety symptoms, a Cronbach's α coefficient (0.869) was achieved, demonstrating the homogeneity of the test. The exploratory factor analysis (KMO = 0.820, X2 (338) = 21, p < 0.001) showed item ambiguities of less than 0.6 and factor loadings of more than 0.3. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit (X2 (14) = 45.1, p < 0.001). A low and statistically significant correlation (Rho = 0.216, p < 0.05) was found in relation to IDARE (state). Conclusion: The adapted CFQ was valid in terms of content, showed high reliability values and its one-dimensionality was verified. The adapted instrument shows a correlation between FC and anxiety symptoms. An instrument like this could improve the diagnosis of CF, as well as increase the quality of care for the patient.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Fusión Cognitiva (FC) es un problema psicológico que constituye un concepto fundamental dentro de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso. La Escala de Fusión Cognitiva (EFC) utilizada para medir este concepto no ha sido adaptada ni validada en Cuba. Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la EFC en personas adultas con síntomas de ansiedad. Método: Se combinaron técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas: consulta a expertos, coeficientes de correlación y concordancia y análisis factorial. Resultados: Se adaptó la EFC desde una perspectiva lingüística y cultural. Se consultaron a 9 expertos y se evaluó el consenso mediante el coeficiente de validez de contenido sobre la suficiencia (0,97). Durante el pilotaje con 35 personas, el test alcanzó un coeficiente α de Cronbach (0,927). Al aplicar el test adaptado en 106 adultos con síntomas de ansiedad se obtuvo un coeficiente α de Cronbach (0,869), lo que evidencia la homogeneidad del test. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (KMO = 0,820, X2(338) = 21, p < 0,001) alcanzó unicidades de los ítems menores que 0,6 y cargas factoriales mayores que 0,3. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio mostró un buen ajuste del modelo (X2(14) = 45,1, p < 0,001). Se encontró una correlación baja y estadísticamente significativa (Rho = 0,216, p < 0,05) respecto al IDARE (estado). Conclusión: La EFC adaptada fue válida en tanto contenido, mostró altos valores de fiabilidad y se verificó su unidimensionalidad. El instrumento adaptado muestra una correlación entre la FC y los síntomas de ansiedad. Contar con un instrumento como este podría mejorar el diagnóstico de la FC, así como incrementar la calidad del tratamiento que se le brinda al paciente.

Content validity of the nursing diagnosis low self-efficacy in health.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the content of the proposal for the nursing diagnosis of low self-efficacy in health. METHODS: Content validation study using the approach proposed by Lopes, a panel of 47 experts on the phenomenon of interest analyzed the content of the diagnosis using a Likert-type scale to evaluate the relevance of 16 clinical indicators and 18 etiological factors of the nursing diagnosis under investigation. These components were previously identified and defined through a middle-range theory. Based on the predictive diversity model, the experts' verifications were weighted according to their level of expertise. The pseudomedian and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A content validity index above 0.9 was considered valid, and the Wilcoxon test was used to validate each pseudomedian with a p-value above 0.05. FINDINGS: Thirteen clinical indicators were considered relevant, demonstrating the importance of these elements for the clinical identification of low self-efficacy in health. Three clinical indicators were excluded because they were not representative for this diagnosis. The eighteen etiological factors analyzed were considered relevant. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study may help nurses to identify low self-efficacy in health early and direct effective interventions to increase people's confidence in their abilities to promote their health. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: A new diagnostic framework is presented with peer-reviewed content, representing a phenomenon frequently reported by clinicians. This new diagnosis can guide nursing care and produce better health outcomes that depend on patients' confidence in their ability to take care of their own health.

Validación interna de un instrumento de medición de la calidad de atención percibida con la metodología rendimiento del servicio para la aplicación en una clínica odontológica universitaria / Internal validation of an instrument for measuring perceived quality using the service performance methodology for application in a dental clinic university

Objetivo: Validar la estructura interna de un instrumento de medición de la calidad de atención percibida con la metodología rendimiento del servicio (Service Performance ­ SERVPERF) para la aplicación en una clínica odontológica universitaria. Método: El estudio se encuentra bajo el diseño de investigación exploratorio secuencial (DEXPLOS) orientado a la validación de instrumentos documentales, establecida en las siguientes fases; Primera fase, dio inicio con la revisión bibliográfica para definir las perspectivas teóricas; Segunda fase, se prosiguió a la selección del panel de expertos; Tercera fase, selección de la muestra para la prueba piloto y la administración del instrumento; Cuarta fase, se procedió a la validación psicométrica del instrumento. Resultados: El instrumento elegido para la adaptación fue el SERVPERF, validado respecto a su contenido a través de la ronda de cuatro expertos odontólogos. Instrumento definido con 20 ítems agrupados en cinco dimensiones, con cuatro ítems en cada dimensión. Instrumento de medición para la calidad de atención percibida, válido en su contenido, constructo y confiable con un alfa de Cronbach de buena aceptabilidad con un valor de 0,802. Conclusiones: Sé válido la estructura interna del instrumento SERVPERF, adaptado a las características propias y específicas del servicio odontológico que brindan la clínica docente asistencial de la Carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Pública de El Alto (UPEA).

Objective: To validate the internal structure of an instrument for measuring the perceived quality of care with the Service Performance (SERVPERF) methodology for application in a dental clinic university. Method: The study is under the exploratory sequential research design (DEXPLOS) oriented to the validation of documentary instruments, established in the following phases; First phase, began with the bibliographic review to define the theoretical perspectives; Second phase, followed by the selection of the panel of experts; Third phase, selection of the sample for the pilot test and the administration of the instrument; Fourth phase, proceeded to the psychometric validation of the instrument. Results: The instrument chosen for adaptation was the SERVPERF, validated with regard to its content through the round of four dental experts. The instrument was defined with 20 items grouped into five dimensions, with four items in each dimension. Measurement instrument for perceived quality of care, valid in its content, construct and reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of good acceptability with a value of 0.802. Conclusions: The internal structure of the SERVPERF instrument is valid, adapted to the specific characteristics of the dental service provided by the teaching clinic of the Dentistry Career of El Alto Public University (UPEA)

Validez de constructo de una escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa, primer nivel de atención del sistema público, municipios de La Paz y El Alto: Enfoque intercultural / Construct Validity of a Perception Scale of the Quality of Outpatient Care, First Level of Care of the Public System, La Paz and El Alto Municipalities. Intercultural Approach

Objetivo: determinar la validez de constructo de una escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa en el primer nivel de atención del sistema público. Método: se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, diseño de validación de instrumento documental, realizado durante diciembre 2022 y enero 2023, en 2 municipio el Alto y La Paz, se contó con la participación de 205 personas mayores de 18 años de ambos sexos participantes por de muestro accidental, por sujetos disponibles. La aplicación del instrumento se realizó en los ambientes de los Centros de Salud. Se evaluó la consistencia interna con alfa de Cronbach y Omega. Se realizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio con un método de factorización de ejes principales, se calcularon los índices de ajuste para el modelo, medidas de ajuste absoluto, de ajuste incremental y las medidas de ajuste de Parsimonia. Se realizó todos los procedimientos estadísticos con ayuda del programa SPSSv26, AMOS v24 y JASP v16. Resultados: se evidenció que tamaño muestral pertinente y que la matriz de covariaciones soporta el análisis factorial KMO de 0,904 Bartlett 0,001, que indica un l. Se procedió, entonces, a realizarse dicho análisis con el método de extracción de factorización de ejes principales y rotación varimax logrando dos dimensiones y 10 items, 6 para el primer factor y 4 para el segundo. La fiabilidad del instrumento por dimensión fue aceptable y bueno (>0,6). Se lograron dos modelos para realizar el ajuste, las medidas de ajuste con chi2 significativo y el RMSEA mayor a 0,05. Las medidas de ajuste incremental óptimos CFI = 0,95; NFI = 0,92, y TLI (NNFI)= 0,93. las medidas de ajuste de Parsimonia aceptables. Conclusiones: las evidencias de validez del instrumento con 2 factores resultaron con un buen ajuste y parsimonia, presentando índices de confiabilidad aceptables y consistentes con los reportados por otros estudios tiene validez de contenido adecuado con una fiabilidad aceptable

Objective: to determine the construct validity of a scale of perception of the quality of outpatient care at the first level of care in the public system. Method: this is a quantitative study, documentary instrument validation design, conducted during December 2022 and January 2023, in 2 municipalities of El Alto and La Paz, with the participation of 205 people over 18 years of age of both sexes participating by accidental sampling, by available subjects. The application of the instrument was carried out in the environments of the Health Centers. The internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha and Omega. The confirmatory factor analysis was performed with a principal axis factorization method, the fit indexes for the model, measures of absolute fit, incremental fit and measures of Parsimony fit were calculated. All statistical procedures were performed using SPSSv26, AMOS v24 and JASP v16. Results: it was evidenced that the sample size was relevant and that the covariance matrix supports the KMO factor analysis of 0.904 Bartlett 0.001, which indicates a l. We proceeded, then, to perform this analysis with the extraction method of factorization of principal axes and varimax rotation, achieving two dimensions and 10 items, 6 for the first factor and 4 for the second. The reliability of the instrument per dimension was acceptable and good (>0.6). Two models were achieved to perform the adjustment, the adjustment measures with significant chi2 and RMSEA greater than 0.05. The optimal incremental fit measures CFI = 0.95; NFI = 0.92, and TLI (NNFI)= 0.93. Parsimony fit measures were acceptable. Conclusions: The evidence of validity of the instrument with 2 factors resulted in a good fit and parsimony, presenting acceptable reliability indices and consistent with those reported by other studies. It has adequate content validity with acceptable reliability

Adaptação e validade de conteúdo da prova de consciência fonológica para Moçambique / Adaptation and content validity of the phonological awareness test for Mozambique / Adaptación y validez de contenido de la prueba de conciencia fonológica para Mozambique

Phonological awareness is a very important skill for performance in reading, writing and mathematics, suggesting that it is monitored and evaluated preferably during preschool as a form of early intervention to prevent learning disabilities after formal education. However, for its assessment it is necessary to have qualified instruments and in Mozambique there is none that assesses this skill. Therefore, this study aimed to culturally adapt the Phonological Awareness Test by Oral production to the Mozambican context and was carried out in two phases: semantic equivalence and content validation. The Content Validity Index was 0.96, although it is considered excellent, further studies need to be carried out to verify other parameters of validity, reliability and standardization. It is expected that the instrument contributes to evaluation and that above all, the skill is part of the activities of stimulation and intervention in preschoolers.

A consciência fonológica é uma habilidade muito importante para o desempenho em leitura, escrita e matemática, sugerindo-se que seja monitorada e avaliada preferencialmente durante a pré-escola como forma de intervenção precoce para prevenção de dificuldades de aprendizagem após o ensino formal. Contudo, para sua avaliação é necessário ter instrumentos qualificados e em Moçambique não existe nenhum que avalia esta habilidade. Portanto, este estudo teve objetivo de realizar adaptação cultural da Prova de Consciência Fonológica por produção Oral para o contexto moçambicano e foi realizado em duas fases: equivalência semântica e validação de conteúdo. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo foi de 0,96, embora seja considerado ótimo, estudos posteriores precisam ser realizados para verificar outros parâmetros de validade, fidedignidade e normatização. Espera-se que o instrumento contribua para avaliação e que acima de tudo a habilidade faça parte das atividades de estimulação e intervenção em pré-escolares.

La conciencia fonológica es una habilidad muy importante para el desempeño en lectura, escritura y matemáticas, lo que sugiere que se monitorea y evalúa preferiblemente durante el preescolar como una forma de intervención temprana para prevenir dificultades de aprendizaje después de la educación formal. Sin embargo, para su evaluación es necesario contar con instrumentos calificados y en Mozambique no hay ninguno que evalúe esta habilidad. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar culturalmente el Test de Conciencia Fonológica por Producción Oral al contexto de Mozambique y se llevó a cabo en dos fases: equivalencia semántica y validación de contenido. El Índice de Validez de Contenido fue de 0.96, aunque se considera excelente, es necesario realizar más estudios para verificar otros parámetros de validez, confiabilidad y estandarización. Se espera que el instrumento contribuya a la evaluación y que sobre todo, la habilidad sea parte de las actividades de estimulación e intervención en preescolares.

Content validity and perceived utility of a self-help online acceptance and commitment therapy program focused on repetitive negative thinking.

Telehealth strategies have become essential for responding to the sanitary emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, developing online psychological interventions (OPIs) that can treat and prevent psychological difficulties is gaining more relevance. This article describes an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) based OPI focused on repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This OPI is called Disentangled, Aware, and Committed (DAC) and represents an attempt to adapt previous RNT-focused ACT protocols to this format type. Study 1 evaluated content validity through the assessment of four experts in ACT regarding clarity, utility, pertinence, conceptual adjustment, and therapeutic goal fulfillment for each component of the DAC program. In Study 2, forty-one undergraduate clinical psychology trainees rated the components of the DAC program according to its clarity and perceived utility. These participants were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial that analyzed the efficacy of the DAC to prevent the usually observed increase in emotional symptoms and RNT among this population. Expert reviewers in Study 1 rated all DAC components as clear and useful for potential users, following a logical order, theoretically coherent with the ACT model, and successfully fulfilling its stated goals. In Study 2, the participants also rated the DAC components as clear and potentially useful for their lives. In conclusion, the DAC appears to be a feasible transdiagnostic OPI for treating and preventing emotional symptoms, which warrants further studies analyzing its efficacy.

Content validity of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health core set for knee dysfunction: a Delphi study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the content validity of the preliminary core set for knee dysfunction based on the opinion of experts. DESIGN: A panel of 180 experts in knee disorders or on the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for musculoskeletal conditions was invited for this Delphi study. The experts gave their opinion on whether to include the categories of the preliminary core set for knee dysfunction in a more comprehensive core set, using a six-item Likert scale. Kappa coefficient was used to analyze the agreement between the experts, and a consensus of 75% among responses was considered acceptable. RESULTS: Nineteen experts participated in all rounds. Of the 24 categories from the preliminary core set for knee dysfunction, 15 remained in the comprehensive core set and one category was further detailed into three new categories. Seven new categories were included. Thus, the comprehensive core set for knee dysfunction was composed of 25 categories with an agreement of 81.5% among responses and a Kappa value of 0.63. CONCLUSION: After validation by experts, the comprehensive core set for knee dysfunction was composed of 25 categories that can be used to assess the functioning of patients with knee dysfunction.

Item-Level Psychometric Analysis of the Psychosocial Processes at Work Scale (PROPSIT) in Workers.

The structural attributes and correlates of items have an effect on their composite scores and exploring them strengthens the content validity of a measure adapted to another context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the item properties of a measure of psychosocial work factors (PWFs). Data were collected through a web platform from 188 Peruvian working adults (men = 101, 50.5%) holding various professions and jobs. The instrument was the Psychosocial Processes at Work Scale (PROPSIT), adapted for the Peruvian context. The distributional characteristics, the efficiency of its response options and its correlates with engagement, occupational self-efficacy, general stress and psychological distress (explored with a coefficient of maximum information and another of monotonic association) were analyzed. It was found that the items were asymmetrically distributed, without statistical normality and with a response tendency at low (for psychosocial risk factors (PSRFs)) and medium (favorable psychosocial resources) levels. The number of efficient response options was lower (approximately five options) than the original structure (seven options). The monotonic associations with gender and age were essentially zero and theoretically converged with the external constructs, except for some items related to job demands. The contributions of the results to the content validity of the PROPSIT and the orientation of working hypotheses about PROPSIT item constructs and measures of work effects are discussed.

Escala de crenças sobre o uso de questionários em pesquisas científicas: evidências psicométricas preliminares / Escala de creencias sobre el uso de cuestionarios en la investigación científica: evidencias psicométricas preliminares / A Scale of Beliefs on the Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Research: Preliminary Psychometric Evidence

Resumo Objetivou-se construir a Escala de crenças sobre o uso de questionários em pesquisas científicas (ECQP), a partir de evidências de validade de conteúdo e da verificação de seus indicadores iniciais de validade fatorial e consistência interna para o contexto brasileiro. Foram realizados dois estudos. No estudo 1, elaborou-se os itens da ECQP e verificou-se a validade de seu conteúdo. Contou-se com a participação de quatro juízes especialistas em psicologia social e psicometria, os quais avaliaram o conjunto de itens como adequado ao construto e semanticamente claro para o público-alvo. No estudo 2, por sua vez, buscou-se conhecer a estrutura fatorial da ECQP. Participaram, então, 307 estudantes (M = 25,1 anos), os quais responderam à ECQP e a perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que a ECQP apresenta índices satisfatórios de validade fatorial e consistência interna. Portanto, confia-se que seja um instrumento promissor, podendo ser utilizada em futuros estudos no Brasil.

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue construir la Escala de creencias sobre el uso de cuestionarios en la investigación científica (ECQP, en portugués), desde evidencias de validez de contenido y la verificación de sus indicadores iniciales de validez factorial y consistencia interna para el contexto brasileño. Se realizaron dos estudios. En el estudio primero, se elaboraron los ítems del ECQP y se verificó su validez de contenido. Cuatro jueces expertos en psicología social y psicometría evaluaron el conjunto de ítems como adecuados al constructo y semánticamente claros para el público objetivo. En el segundo estudio, por su parte, se buscó conocer la estructura factorial del ECQP. Así, participaron 307 estudiantes (M = 25,1 años), que respondieron el ECQP y a preguntas demográficas. Los resultados indicaron que el ECQP presenta índices satisfactorios de validez factorial y consistencia interna. Por lo tanto, se confía en que sea un instrumento prometedor y que pueda utilizarse en futuros estudios en Brasil.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to create the Scale of Beliefs on the Use of Questionnaires in Scientific Research by gathering evidence of content validity and verifying its initial indicators of factorial validity and internal consistency for the Brazilian context. Two studies were carried out. In the first study, the items of the questionnaire were elaborated and the validity of their content was verified. Four judges specialized in Social Psychology and Psychometrics evaluated the set of items as appropriate to the construct and semantically clear to the target audience. In the second study, we sought to determine the factorial structure of the questionnaire. Thus, 307 students (M = 25.1 years) participated and answered the questionnaire and demographic questions. The results indicated that the questionnaire has satisfactory indexes of factorial validity and internal consistency. Therefore, it is believed to be a promising instrument and can be used in future studies in Brazil.

Content validity of a psychological e-health program of self-control and motivation for adults with excess weight.

Excess weight requires multidisciplinary treatment, including psychology in face-to-face and e-health interventions. The need to analyse interventions' content validity has become evident. The objective is to assess content validity of a psychological e-health program of self-control and motivation for adults with excess weight. Six health professionals (a nutritionist, a personal trainer, physician and three psychologists) evaluated the content validity of the program. The results showed that the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was 1 (the maximum value) for 11 of the 22 activities that comprise the program. This index fluctuated between 0.83 and 0.85 for the other activities, and the scale-level content validity index was greater than 0.90 for the four modules. In terms of relevance, effectiveness and appropriateness, 90%, 65% and 60% of the activities, respectively, obtained the maximum possible I-CVI, while the index was acceptable for the remainder of the activities. This is the first study about content validity of a psychological program for adults with excess weight in Mexico and it supported that the content program was suitable, and it may be used as a part of multidisciplinary treatments. This study also highlights the importance of involving an expert review in the development of intervention programs. This intervention program may be useful in the context of a multidisciplinary intervention; however, it is important to conduct studies to evaluate its efficacy.

As propriedades psicométricas em instru-mentos que tratam sobre o "torcedor e o time de futebol do coração": uma revisão sistemática / Psychometric properties in instruments addressing the "supporter and the beloved football team": a systematic review / Las propiedades psicométricas en instrumentos que versan sobre el "hincha y su equipo de fútbol": una revisión sistemática

Este estudo objetiva identificar e analisar as proprieda-des psicométricas mais utilizadas em artigos, inseridos nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science (WOS) entre os anos de 2016 e 2021, que validaram instrumentos sobre a relação torcedor-time de futebol. Optou-se pelo desenho de pesquisas do tipo Revisão Sistemática, complementado pelo uso do software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Foram coletados 18 artigos e constatou-se que a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade por meio do teste de Alfa de Cronbach foram as propriedades mais utilizadas. A primeira tratou da construção de cada elemento do instrumento e a segunda foi um dos principais parâmetros utilizados na avaliação da confiabilidade de instrumentos do tipo questionário (AU).

This study aims to identify and analyze the most used psychometric properties in articles that validated instruments regarding the supporter/football team relationship found in the Scopus and Web of Science data bases between 2016-2021. To achieve this aim, the research was developed as a Systematic Review complemented by using the Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix software. Eighteen articles were collected, and our results showed that content validity and the Cronbach's alpha test of reliability were the most used properties. While the former addressed the construction of each element of the instrument, the second was one of the main parameters used to evaluate the reliability of instruments such as questionnaires (AU).

El estudio objetivo identificar y analisar las propiedades psicométricas más utilizadas en los artículos que validaron instrumentos sobre la relación hincha-equipo de fútbol, que se encuentran en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science entre los años del 2016-2021. Se optó por el diseño de investigaciones del tipo Repaso Sistemático, complementado por el uso del software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Han sido recoletados 18 artículos y se constató que la validad de contenido y la confiabilidad por medio del teste de Alfa de Cronbach, han sido las propiedades más utilizadas. La primeira trató de la construcción de cada elemento del instrumento y la segunda fue uno de los principales parámetros utilizados en la evaluación de la confiabilidad de instrumentos del tipo cuestionario (AU).

As propriedades psicométricas em instrumentos que tratam sobre o "torcedor e o time de futebol do coração": uma revisão sistemática / Psychometric properties in instruments addressing the "supporter and the beloved football team": a systematic review / Las propiedades psicométricas en instrumentos que versan sobre el "hincha y su equipo de fútbol": una revisión sistemática

Este estudo objetiva identificar e analisar as propriedades psicométricas mais utilizadas em artigos, inseridos nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science (WOS) entre os anos de 2016 e 2021, que validaram instrumentos sobre a relação torcedor-time de futebol. Optou-se pelo desenho de pesquisas do tipo Revisão Sistemática, complementado pelo uso do software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Foram coletados 18 artigos e constatou-se que a validade de conteúdo e a confiabilidade por meio do teste de Alfa de Cronbach foram as propriedades mais utilizadas. A primeira tratou da construção de cada elemento do instrumento e a segunda foi um dos principais parâmetros utilizados na avaliação da confiabilidade de instrumentos do tipo questionário.

This study aims to identify and analyze the most used psychometric properties in articles that validated instruments regarding the supporter/football team relationship found in the Scopus and Web of Science data bases between 2016-2021. To achieve this aim, the research was developed as a Systematic Review complemented by using the Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix software. Eighteen articles were collected, and our results showed that content validity and the Cronbach's alpha test of reliability were the most used properties. While the former addressed the construction of each element of the instrument, the second was one of the main parameters used to evaluate the reliability of instruments such as questionnaires.

El estudio objetivo identificar y analisar las propiedades psicométricas más utilizadas en los artículos que validaron instrumentos sobre la relación hincha-equipo de fútbol, que se encuentran en las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science entre los años del 2016-2021. Se optó por el diseño de investigaciones del tipo Repaso Sistemático, complementado por el uso del software Bliblioshiny for Bibliometrix. Han sido recoletados 18 artículos y se constató que la validad de contenido y la confiabilidad por medio del teste de Alfa de Cronbach, han sido las propiedades más utilizadas. La primeira trató de la construcción de cada elemento del instrumento y la segunda fue uno de los principales parámetros utilizados en la evaluación de la confiabilidad de instrumentos del tipo cuestionario.

Validez de contenido de la escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa, primer nivel de atención del sistema público, municipios de La Paz y El Alto, enfoque intercultural / Content validity of the perception scale of the quality of outpatient care, first level of care of the public system, municipalities of La Paz and El Alto, intercultural approach

OBJETIVO Determinar la validez de contenido para determinar los elementos que constituyen la escala de percepción de la calidad de atención en consulta externa en el primer nivel de atención del sistema público. MATERIAL Y METODO Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, diseño de validación de instrumento documental, realizado durante septiembre y noviembre de la gestión 2022, en 2 municipio el Alto y La Paz, la validez de contenido contó con la participación de 4 expertos, y la prueba piloto con una muestra de 42 participantes. Para el juicio de expertos se utilizó el Coeficiente de validez de contenido de Hernández Nieto. En la prueba piloto se estimó el porcentaje de no respuesta, abandono y tiempo de llenado. Se realizó todos los procedimientos estadísticos con ayuda del programa SPSSv26. RESULTADOS La validez de contenido por juicio de expertos obtuvo un puntaje adecuado con validez y concordancia buenas (0,81), con adecuada coherencia, claridad, escala y relevancia. Como resultado de la prueba piloto la tasa de no respuesta fue de 4,7%. La tasa de no respuesta y la tasa de abandono por ítem fueron de 0. El promedio que tardaron los encuestados en completar el instrumento fue de 9,6 min. La fiabilidad del instrumento por dimensión fue aceptable y bueno (>0,6) para 3 de las 5 de las dimensiones teóricas. Mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio se evidenció la unidimensionalidad del constructo, con un total de 17 ítems en su estructura. CONCLUSION El instrumento tiene validez de contenido adecuado con una fiabilidad preliminar aceptable

OBJECTIVE To determine the content validity to determine the items that make up the scale of perception of the quality of outpatient care at the first level of care in the public system. MATERIAL AND METHOD This is a quantitative study, a documentary instrument validation design, carried out during September and November 2022, in 2 municipalities, El Alto and La Paz cities. The content validity was assessed with the participation of 4 experts, and the pilot test was carried out with a sample of 42 participants. For the expert judgment, the content validity coefficient of Hernández Nieto was used. The pilot test estimated the percentage of non-response, abandonment and completion time. All statistical procedures were performed with the help of the SPSSv26 program. RESULTS The content validity by expert judgment obtained an adequate score with good validity and concordance (0.81), with adequate coherence, clarity, scale and relevance. As a result of the pilot test, the non-response rate was 4.7%. The nonresponse rate and dropout rate per item were 0. The average time taken by respondents to complete the instrument was 9.6 min. The reliability of the instrument per dimension was acceptable and good (>0.6) for 3 of the 5 theoretical dimensions. The exploratory factor analysis showed the unidimensionality of the construct, with a total of 17 items in its structure. CONCLUSIONS The instrument has adequate content validity with acceptable preliminary reliability.

Validez por juicio de expertos de un instrumento audiovisual de consistencias de alimentos y viscosidad de líquidos (NutriDis®) adaptados para personas con disfagia / Validity by experts judgment of an audiovisual tool of food textures and thickness of liquids (NutriDis®) adapted for people with dysphagia

Resumen Introducción: las dificultades en la comprensión de las indicaciones sobre las dietas de textura modificada según la severidad de la disfagia por parte de pacientes y sus cuidadores, influyen negativamente en la adherencia y aumentan la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. La explicación escrita o verbal, no sería suficiente requiriendo recursos adicionales basados en imágenes y/o la realización de demostraciones prácticas. Por lo mencionado, se diseñó el instrumento audiovisual NutriDis®. Objetivos: determinar la validez aparente, de contenido y la factibilidad de un instrumento audiovisual basado en los descriptores de la "International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative" (IDDSI). Materiales y método: se utilizó la técnica Delphi por juicio de expertos, incluyendo a nutricionistas, kinesiólogos y fonoaudiólogos. En la primera ronda participaron 19 expertos y 9 en la segunda. Se determinó el grado de acuerdo entre éstos, a través del coeficiente V de Aiken para cada nivel de IDDSI y a nivel global. Resultados: el instrumento resultó presentar validez de contenido y el grado de acuerdo global aumentó entre la primera y la segunda ronda desde 90,8 a 94,1%, clasificándose como adecuado. El nivel IDDSI 4 presentó el máximo acuerdo e IDDSI 1 el menor. Conclusiones: según la opinión de expertos en el área, la herramienta audiovisual NutriDis®, presentó una validez de contenido adecuada en promedio y calificado globalmente como excelente por la mayoría. Se destaca que el instrumento es inédito, representando un gran desafío su desarrollo.

Abstract Introduction: patients and caregivers find it difficult to understand the indications of modified texture diets following dysphagia severity, and this negatively influences adherence and increases patient morbidity and mortality. The written or verbal explanation would not be enough, and additional resources based on images and / or the realization of practical demonstrations are required. As a result, the NutriDis® audiovisual tool was designed. Objectives: to determine the apparent and content validity and feasibility of an audiovisual tool based on the descriptors of the "International Dysphagia Diet Standardization Initiative" (IDDSI). Materials and method: the Delphi technique was used following experts judgment, including nutritionists, speech therapists and kinesiologists. 19 experts participated in the first round and 9 in the second. The degree of agreement among them was determined through Aiken's V coefficient for each level of IDDSI and also at global level. Results: the tool turned out to be valid and the degree of global agreement increased between the first and second rounds from 90, 8 % to 94,1%, classifying as adequate. Level IDDSI 4 presented the highest agreement and IDDSI 1 the lowest. Conclusions: according to the opinion of experts in the area, the NutriDis® audiovisual tool presented an adequate content validity on average and was globally rated as excellent by the majority. It is highlighted that the tool is unprecedented and its development represented a great challenge.

Abriendo la caja de Pandora: ¿qué contienen los instrumentos que miden el ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina? / Opening Pandoras Box: What is the Content of the Instruments Measuring the Learning Environment in Medicine?

RESUMEN Introducción/objetivo: La medición del ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina es fundamental para evaluar la calidad de la educación médica. Existen múltiples instrumentos diseñados para este propósito, pero su contenido, fundamento teórico y utilidad práctica son variables. El objetivo de este estudio es sintetizar la validez de contenido y alcance de estos instrumentos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura de estudios originales en idioma inglés y español publicados desde 1990 hasta 2018 en las bases de datos de Pubmed, ERIC, British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, CINALH y Latindex, que contienen instrumentos para medir el ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina. Se analizaron los dominios, fundamentos teóricos y métodos para determinar la validez de contenido. Resultados: Se incluyeron treinta y ocho estudios que evaluaron doce instrumentos (uno disponible en español). Dos instrumentos identificados fueron específicos para el ambiente quirúrgico y uno para el comunitario. Únicamente tres instrumentos estuvieron respaldados por una teoría educativa. Los dominios más frecuentemente evaluados fueron la atmosfera del aprendizaje, la percepción social y percepción académica. La validez de contenido se estableció principalmente mediante un panel de expertos o método Delphi en el 83,3 % de los instrumentos. Conclusiones: Existen diversos instrumentos para evaluar un constructo complejo como el ambiente de aprendizaje en medicina. En general, estos instrumentos cuentan con validez de contenido respaldada por múltiples fuentes y metodologías, y pueden ser utilizados por los educadores médicos para evaluar de forma integral el ambiente de aprendizaje.

ABSTRACT Introduction/aim: The measurement of the learning environment in medicine is fundamental to assess the quality of medical education. Multiple instruments are available for this purpose, but their content, theoretical foundations and practical implications variate. Our aim is to synthesize the content validity and scope of these instruments. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of original studies designed to measure the learning environment in medicine, published in English and Spanish languages, from 1990 to 2018. We search for studies in Pubmed, ERIC, British Nursing Index, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane, CINALH and Latindex. We analyzed the main domains, theoretical foundations and methods to determine the content validity of each instrument. Results: Thirty-eight studies evaluating twelve instruments (one available in Spanish) were included. Two instruments were specific for the surgical environment and one for the community. Only three instruments were supported by an educational theory. The domains most frequently evaluated were the atmosphere, social perception and academic perception of learning. The content validity was established through expert panels or Delphi method in 83,3 % of the instruments. Conclusions: There are several instruments to evaluate a complex construct such as the learning environment in medicine. In general, these instruments have content validity supported by multiple sources and methodologies and they can be used by medical educators to assess the learning environment comprehensively.

Content Validity of an Index to Explore the Opinion of Undergraduate Students on Participation as Study Subjects in Research / Validez de Contenido de un Índice para Explorar la Opinión de Estudiantes de Pregrado sobre la Participación como Sujetos de Estudio en la Investigación

The participation of undergraduate students as study subjects (SS) in research is considered a fundamental research activity of the educational experience provided by a university. Educators should promote learning by the scientific method through these activities under ethical standards for research with human beings. We designed a multidimensional questionnaire in English and Spanish to determine the perception of the educational benefits to, interest of and influence on university students with respect to participation as SS in research, and determine the content validity based on the judgement of experts. The items were designed based on previous theories and measurement scales, and on the opinion of experts. The Student Perceptions of the Educational Value of Research Participation Scale and the Coercion Assessment Scale were included in the new Participation of University Students as Study Subjects Index (USTUDI). The validity of the content was determined based on the judgement of experts who evaluated each item for relevance. The new instrument showed excellent content validity and is a multidimensional, single-application instrument designed to measure three psychological attributes of the participation of university students as SS in research, making it an instrument of high educational value. However, the results must be interpreted with caution, as tests need to be carried out to evaluate other psychometric characteristics.

La participación de estudiantes de pregrado como sujetos de estudio (SE) en una investigación se considera una actividad de investigación fundamental de la experiencia educativa proporcionada por una universidad. Los educadores que a su vez son investigadores deben promover el aprendizaje por el método científico a través de estas actividades bajo normas éticas de investigación con seres humanos. Diseñamos un cuestionario multidimensional en inglés y español para determinar la percepción de los beneficios educativos, el interés y la influencia en los estudiantes universitarios con respecto a la participación como SE en investigación y determinamos su validez de contenido a partir del juicio de expertos. Los ítems se diseñaron en base a teorías y escalas de medición previas junto a la opinión de expertos. Las escalas de medición The Student Perceptions of the Educational Value of Research Participation Scale y the Coercion Assessment Scale se incluyeron en el nuevo Índice de Participación de los Estudiantes Universitarios como Sujetos de Estudio (IPEUSE). La validez de contenido se determinó a partir del juicio de expertos que evaluaron la pertinencia de cada ítem. El nuevo instrumento mostró una excelente validez de contenido y es un instrumento multidimensional de aplicación única diseñado para medir tres atributos psicológicos de la participación de los estudiantes universitarios como SE en la investigación, lo que lo convierte en un instrumento de alto valor educativo. Sin embargo, los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela, ya que es necesario realizar pruebas para evaluar otras características psicométricas.