Epidemiological profile and effectiveness of immediate postpartum contraception in Brazilian women.

Purpose: To determine the epidemiological profile of women who inserted copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD), subdermal etonogestrel implant (ENG), tubal ligation (TL), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or did not choose a contraceptive method (NCM) in the immediate postpartum period and compare the contraceptive effectiveness of Cu-IUD and DPMA with non-MAC. Methods: We analyzed the epidemiological profile of women who inserted copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD), subdermal etonogestrel implant (ENG), tubal ligation (TL), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or did not choose a contraceptive method (NCM) in the immediate postpartum. The data was collected by electronic medical records of postpartum women assisted at the University Hospital of São Bernardo do Campo (HMU-SBC) from January 2016 to December 2020. Also, we compared the contraceptive effectiveness of Cu-IUD and DPMA with non-MAC by identifying women who returned for second delivery during the study period and analyzing the contraceptive method chosen in the first hospitalization. Then the pregnancies interval and the sociodemographic characteristics were analyzed according to contraceptive method type. Results: Data from 20,896 women were collected, of which 8,183 (39%) opted for Cu-IUD, 559 (2.5%) DPMA, and 10,989 (52.5%) chose not to use contraception at the time of hospital discharge. When comparing these groups, women in the DPMA were younger (26.5 ± 7.3, p < 0.05), and NCM showed women with a lower number of pregnancies (2.2 ± 1.3, p < 0.05). Subjects in the TL group (4.6%) had the higher number of pregnancies (3.8 ± 1.2, p < 0.05), and ENG group, the highest number of miscarriages (1.6 ± 1.3, p < 0.05). Of those women who returned pregnant, 5.5% belonged to the DPMA group, 6% to the NCM group, and 2.3% to the Cu-IUD. Conclusions: Women who opted for Cu-IUD insertion were younger, had more pregnancies and vaginal delivery when compared to those who did not choose a method. Of those women who returned, the minority opted for Cu-IUD compared to those that opted for DPMA or no method.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Brazilian Physicians about Immediate Postpartum and Postabortion Intrauterine Device Insertion / Conhecimento, atitude e prática de médicos brasileiros sobre inserção de dispositivo intrauterino no pós-parto e pós-aborto imediatos

Abstract Objective To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of Brazilian physicians about immediate postpartum and postabortion intrauterine device insertion. Methods Cross-sectional online survey involving physicians on duty in public Brazilian hospitals. Participants answered an anonymous questionnaire with close-ended questions to assess their knowledge, attitude, and experience on the immediate postpartum and postabortion insertion of copper intrauterine devices. Results One hundred twenty-seven physicians working in 23 hospitals in the 5 geographic regions of Brazil completed the questionnaire. Most were female (68.5%) and worked in teaching hospitals (95.3%). The mean (standard deviation) knowledge score (0-10 scale) was 5.3 (1.3); only 27.6% of the participants had overall scores ≥7.0. Most physicians (73.2%) would insert a postpartum intrauterine device in themselves/family members. About 42% of respondents stated that they had not received any training on postpartum or postabortion intrauterine device insertion. In the past 12 months, 19.7%, 22.8%, and 53.5% of respondents stated they had not inserted any intrauterine device during a cesarean section, immediately after a vaginal delivery, or after an abortion, respectively. Conclusion Most study participants have a positive attitude toward the insertion of intrauterine devices in the immediate postpartum period, but they have limited knowledge about the use of this contraceptive method. A large percentage of respondents did not have previous training on postpartum and postabortion intrauterine device insertion and had not performed any such insertions in the last 12 months. Strategies are needed to improve the knowledge, training, and experience of Brazilian physicians on immediate postpartum and postabortion intrauterine device insertion.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento, atitude e prática de médicos brasileiros sobre a inserção de dispositivos intrauterinos no pós-parto e pós-aborto imediatos. Métodos Estudo transversal com inquérito online envolvendo médicos plantonistas de hospitais públicos brasileiros. Os participantes responderam a um questionário anônimo com perguntas fechadas para avaliar seu conhecimento, atitude e experiência sobre a inserção de dispositivos intrauterinos de cobre no pós-parto e pós-aborto imediatos. Resultados Cento e vinte sete médicos de 23 hospitais localizados nas 5 regiões do Brasil preencheram o questionário. A maioria era do sexo feminino (68,5%) e trabalhava em hospitais de ensino (95,3%). O escore médio (desvio padrão) de conhecimento (escala 0-10) foi 5,3 (1,3); apenas 27,6% tiveram escore ≥7,0. A maioria (73,2%) faria inserção de dispositivo intrauterino no pós-parto imediato em si mesma/familiares. Cerca de 42% dos participantes declararam não ter recebido nenhum treinamento sobre inserção de dispositivos intrauterinos no pós-parto ou pós-aborto imediatos. Nos últimos 12 meses, 19,7%, 22,8% e 53,5% declararam não ter inserido nenhum dispositivo intrauterino durante uma cesárea, após um parto vaginal ou um aborto, respectivamente. Conclusão A maioria dos participantes tem uma atitude positiva em relação à inserção de dispositivos intrauterinos no pós-parto imediato, porém tem um conhecimento limitado sobre esse método. Uma grande porcentagem dos respondentes não teve treinamento sobre inserção de dispositivos intrauterinos no pós-parto ou pós-aborto imediatos e não fez nenhuma inserção desse tipo nos últimos 12 meses. São necessárias estratégias para melhorar o conhecimento, o treinamento e a experiência dos médicos brasileiros sobre a inserção de dispositivos intrauterinos no pós-parto e pós-aborto imediatos.

Resolución laparoscópica de translocación abdominal de dispositivo intrauterino: Reporte de un caso / Laparoscopic removal of an intra-abdominal translocated intrauterine device: Case report

A partir de que Richter R, en 1909, realizó la primera publicación sobre el uso de dispositivos intrauterinos con fines anticonceptivos, la forma, los materiales, las indicaciones, así como las contraindicaciones han evolucionado hasta convertirse en el método de planificación familiar más usado en el mundo. El riesgo de perforación durante la inserción es bajo; sin embargo, ha sido referida. En la literatura se ha descrito el uso de la laparoscopia para la extracción de dispositivos intrauterinos migrados a cavidad abdominal. En la presente publicación se reporta el caso clínico de una mujer de 29 años de edad, con antecedente de colocación de dispositivo intrauterino, dos años previos, por vía vaginal sin complicación aparente; comenta sólo dolor de cólico posterior a la colocación que va cediendo a analgésicos vía oral no especificados, sin sintomatología hasta la fecha. Acude a revisión y realización de citología cervical donde no se encuentran hilos guía del dispositivo intrauterino. Mediante radiografía simple de abdomen y bajo fluoroscopia se determina la localización intraabdominal del testigo radiopaco del dispositivo, es valorada por el Servicio de Cirugía General y se determina a realizar la extracción del mismo por vía laparoscópica sin complicaciones; se encontró el dispositivo con adherencias a omento mayor, sin afección aparente de órganos intraabdominales. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda la extracción inmediata de los dispositivos intrauterinos que han migrado. La migración del dispositivo intrauterino a la cavidad abdominal es una complicación poco frecuente, y la presentación como hallazgo en pacientes asintomáticas es aún menos frecuente; en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, Richdeep S y cols. valoraron 49 artículos en los que encontraron 179 casos de manejo laparoscópico, reportando al omento como el sitio más frecuente de localización (26.7%). La relevancia del presente caso radica en la presentación asintomática dos años posteriores a su inserción, la ruta diagnóstica utilizando radiografías simples y fluoroscopia, así como la extracción sin complicaciones y con excelente resultado, vía laparoscópica.

Since Richter R. in 1909 performed the first publication on the use of intrauterine devices; materials, forms, indications and contraindications of these have evolved to become the method most widely used family planning in the world. Although the risk of perforation during insertion is low, it exists. The literature has described the use of laparoscopy for removal of intrauterine devices migrated to the abdominal cavity. Case report: 29 years old woman who two years before suffers colic pain posterior to application of an intrauterine device with no complications, and diminishes with the use of unspecified analgesics, and stays asymptomatic to date. She attended a review, and underwent to cervical cytology, during the procedure, was impossible to see the strings of the intrauterine device. Plain abdominal radiography and fluoroscopy were done to determine the location of the radiopaque intraabdominal witness. Assessed by the General Surgery Service we determined extraction of the device by laparoscopy and was done without any complication. Findings: strong omentum adhesions to the device, but no apparent damage to other abdominal organs. The World Health Organization recommends the immediate removal of intrauterine devices that have migrated. The migration of the intrauterine devices into the abdominal cavity is a rare complication, and the presentation as an incidental finding in asymptomatic patients is even less common, a systematic review of literature, Richdeep S. et al, evaluated 49 items found 179 cases of laparoscopic management reporting the omentum as the most common site of localization (26.7%). The relevance of this case lies in the asyntomatic presentation two years after insertion, the diagnostic route using radiographs and fluoroscopy, and extraction without complications and with excellent results laparoscopically.