[Autonomous Neurology within the University Hospital of LMU at 50 years]. / 50 Jahre Neurologische Klinik der Münchner Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität.

Establishment of the Chair of Neurology at the University of Munich in 1971 as well as the opening of the Neurology Department at the newly built Großhadern campus (1974) provide an occasion to review the 50 years that have passed since. Further, the early history of Munich neurology is described, with its slow pace of separation (in comparison to e.g. Heidelberg, Frankfurt and Hamburg) from the parent disciplines, psychiatry and internal medicine. In Munich, they were long shaped by psychiatrists such as Bernhard von Gudden, Emil Kraepelin, Kurt Kolle and Hanns Hippius and by Friedrich von Müller and, in particular, by Gustav Bodechtel in internal medicine.Once independent, further development of neurology in Munich was characterized by fast-paced, almost revolutionary changes in neuroimaging, electrophysiology, sonography, and engineering as well as in basic neuroscience, neurogenetics included. The new department thrived under the leadership of Adolf Schrader (from 1971), Thomas Brandt (from 1984) and Marianne Dieterich (from 2008) who enjoyed the support of an ever-increasing specialised clinical-scientific staff.Evidence-based treatment of neurological disorders became the overarching and internationally visible focus of Munich neurology, with respect to both practical implementation and to research. The exemplary diseases and syndromes of multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke, movement disorders, dizziness and disorders of balance and gait as well as diseases of the musculature and peripheral nerves are cared for not only within the inpatient and outpatient sections of the Neurology Department but also by units such as the Friedrich Baur Institute (FBI), the German Dizziness and Balance Centre (DSGZ), the Institutes for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD) and for Clinical Neuroimmunology as well as in the interdisciplinary Department of Palliative Care.

Exploration of the continuing education of physicians in a primary military hospital: competency-based neurological education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

During the mandate duty in primary military hospital, we conducted continuing neurological education combining with the hospitals trait and department needs. By using the concept of competency-based education, we have explored a pattern of continuing medical education suitable for primary physicians. Thematic approach was implemented for acquiring professional knowledge, formative evaluation was applied for training effect assessment, and scientific clinical thinking was emphasized for promoting the demand of lifelong learning. Under the communication and efforts of teachers and learners, we have obtained good clinical effect and positive social affection by the competency-based neurological education.

Application of "secret room escape" game teaching combined with situational case teaching mode in the teaching of standardized training of neurological nursing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of "secret room escape" game teaching combined with situational cases on the teaching of standardized training of neurological nursing.Methods:A total of 102 nurses who underwent the standardized training in the Department of Neurology of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital from January 2019 to September 2020 were divided into control group ( n=51) and observation group ( n=51). The control group used situational case teaching, and the observation group used "secret room escape" game teaching combined with situational case teaching. The scores of critical thinking and learning engagement of the two groups were evaluated, and the theoretical assessment scores, clinical comprehensive ability scores and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were compared. SPSS 22.0 was performed for chi-square test and t test. Results:Before teaching, there was no significant difference in the scores and total scores of truth seeking, mind opening, analytical ability, systematic ability, self-confidence of critical thinking, thirst for knowledge and cognitive maturity between the two groups. After teaching, the scores and total scores of the observation group in above aspects were higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores and total scores of behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement and emotional engagement between the two groups before teaching; after teaching, the scores and total scores of these aspects in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The scores of theoretical examination [(82.02±3.27) vs. (79.66±3.45)] and clinical comprehensive ability [(83.30±3.54) vs. (80.82±3.73)] in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The teaching satisfaction of the observation group was 98.04% (50/51), higher than 82.35% (42/51) of the control group. Conclusion:The "secret room escape" game teaching combined with situational cases can improve the critical thinking ability of standardized training nurses, stimulate them to participate in learning, improve their theoretical examination results and clinical comprehensive ability, and improve their satisfaction with teaching and the recognition rate of teaching effect.

Analysis of the teaching effect of magnetic on-demand teaching mode in nursing interns of neurology department / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the teaching effect of magnetic on-demand teaching mode in nursing interns of neurology department.Methods:Forty-two nursing students who practiced in Neurology Department of Haikou People's Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019 were selected as the control group, and 44 nursing students who practiced from January 2020 to June 2020 were selected as the study group. The traditional teaching mode was adopted in the control group, while the magnetic on-demand teaching mode was adopted in the study group. The scores of theory and skill examination after teaching, nurses' core competence (evaluated by nurse core competence scale) before and after teaching, active learning rate and incidence of nursing errors during teaching and satisfaction with teaching were compared between the two groups. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and chi-square test. Results:After teaching, the scores of theory and skills in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). After teaching, the scores of core competence of nurses in the two groups were higher than before, and the scores of core competence of nurses in the study group were higher ( P<0.05). During the teaching period, the active learning rate of the study group was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05), and the incidence rate of nursing errors was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05). The satisfaction of all kinds of teaching in the study group was higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences. Conclusion:In the clinical teaching of nursing interns in neurology department, the magnetic on-demand teaching mode can significantly enhance the mastery of nursing theory and skills, improve the core competence of nurses, improve the active learning rate and teaching satisfaction, and reduce the occurrence of nursing errors.

Application of day checklist model combined with fault finding and error correction method in the teaching of new nurses in neurology department / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To analyze the application effect of day checklist model combined with fault finding and error correction method in the teaching of new nurses in neurology department.Methods:A total of 42 new neurology nurses accepted in the department of neurology from January 2019 to June 2020 were selected in the study and they were divided into control group and study group. The conventional group was given the conventional teaching method, while the study group was given the day checklist model combined with fault finding and error correction method, both of which were taught for 3 months. Assessment performance of theoretical knowledge and operational skills before and after teaching, critical thinking ability before and after teaching and satisfaction with the teaching after teaching in neurology nursing were compared between the two groups. SPSS 25.0 was used for t test and rank sum test. Results:After teaching, assessment performance of theoretical knowledge and operational skills, the 7 dimensions of critical thinking ability scores and the total scores were higher than those before teaching, and the study group did better than the control group ( P < 0.05). There were significant differences between the 2 groups of new nurses in the distribution of satisfaction with teaching ( P < 0.05), and the total satisfaction rate of the study group (100.00%) was higher than that of the control group (80.96%) ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Using the method of day checklist model combined with fault finding and error correction method in the teaching of new nurses in the neurology department can improve their assessment results, enhance their critical thinking ability and improve the teaching satisfaction.

Study on the application of nursing quality sensitive index in the safety management of elderly inpatients in the department of neurology / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of sensitive indicators of nursing quality in the management of elderly inpatients in neurology department. Methods A total of 160 inpatients in the department of neurology who were admitted between January 2016 and December 2017 were selected as study subjects. The patients were divided into pre-implementation (January to December 2016) and post-implementation (2017 Month-December) with 80 cases each. Traditional nursing Quality Management mode was adopted before implementation, and the management mode of nursing quality sensitive index was adopted after implementation. These two with priority improvement indicators, adverse events in nursing care, patient satisfaction and so on were compared. Results After the implementation, the correct rate of risk assessment, the implementation rate of nursing specifications, the correct rate of drug delivery, the rate of graded care execution, and the rate of individualized rehabilitation training were significantly higher than before implementation.The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.103-5.769, P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse events such as stress injury was 3.75% (3/80), which was significantly lower than that before implementation 20.0% (16/80). The difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.206, P<0.05). The patient satisfaction rate was 96.25%(77/80), which was significantly higher than 87.50% (70/80) before implementation.The difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.103, P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of the sensitive index of nursing quality can improve the nursing quality of elderly inpatients in the department of neurology, reduce the occurrence of nursing adverse events and improve the satisfaction of patients.

Adolph Sahs: A neurologist who could take on still another job.

Adolph Louis Sahs (1906-1986) became chair of the Department of Neurology at the University of Iowa in 1948 and retired in 1974. Through his academic neurology organizational skills, coordination of multicenter research on subarachnoid hemorrhage, and education of more than 50 neurologists, he helped bring the department to national and international prominence. Sahs was one of the founders of the American Academy of Neurology. He served as president of the Academy, the American Neurological Association, and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. Sahs was known as a neurologist who could always take on yet another job in the interest of the specialty.

Six decades of Neurology at NIMHANS: A historical perspective.

The Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka has a long tradition of excellence in education, teaching, research, and patient care. Its exceptional alumni, as well as current and past faculty members, have made considerable contributions to the development of neurological services throughout the world. The six decades of its existence have seen a momentous growth in clinical, investigative, and community Neurology. As a result of the immense scientific individual as well as collaborative contributions of the faculty members in various departments, the Institute has had the honour of attaining the status of an autonomous 'Institute of National Importance' under the Ministry of Health, Government of India, through a novel concept of collaboration and partnership of central and state governments. This article traces the dedicated pursuit of members of the Department of Neurology, NIMHANS, in managing neurologic diseases through compassionate patient-centred care, transformative research and education.

[Frequency and characteristics of strokes involving the perforating arteries in the Department of Neurology at the Befelatanana General Hospital, Antananarivo]. / Fréquence et caractéristiques des AVC impliquant les artères perforantes dans le Service de Neurologie de l'Hopital Bafelatanana, Antananarivo.

INTRODUCTION: Strokes of the perforating arteries are mainly arteriolopathies. They result in dementia and stroke recurrence. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of these strokes to better prevent these complications. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective study in the department of neurology at the Befelatanana general hospital, Antananarivo over the period 01 March-25 September 2015. All patients with abrupt neurological deficit and deep brain involvement on brain scanner were included in the study. The features of strokes involving the perforating arteries were collected. Data were processed with SPSS 20 software. RESULTS: Out of 172 patients with a stroke, 83(48.25%) had stroke involving the perforating arteries. Stroke involving the perforating arteries affected young people (65.06%) aged less than 65 years and preferentially the male population (61.44%). Haemorrhagic forms accounted for 67.46%. Thirty-one patients (37.34%) had stroke recurrences and, among them, almost a quarter had 2 recurrences (38.70%) in less than a year. All patients with recurrence had dysexecutive disorder (p < 0.0001) and poor antihypertensive medication adherence. Mortality accounted for only 6.02% in patients with onset of these strokes during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Specific neurologic follow-up is necessary after a first stroke involving perforating arteries in order to make an early diagnosis of dementia and to prevent recurrences.

Effect of"hormone calendar"on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To improve the effect on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients. Methods The convenience sampling method was used by selecting 230 hospital patients as control group between January to December, 2015 and another 152 patients in the hospital between January and December 2016 as experimental group. After discharge, the experimental group was treated with auxiliary hormone drugs,"hormone calendar"method, and the control group with the conventional education. The two groups were compared in terms of compliance in hormone taking, error in medication error and disease recurrence. Results About 2 months and 4 months after discharge, compliance with medication of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. The error rate of medication and the recurrence rate were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion"hormone calendar"can enhance the medication compliance of hormonal medication, reduce the error rate of medication and recurrence rate, thus worth promoting.

Application of preventive nursing process in IAD management of neurology department / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the value of preventive nursing process in the management of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in the department of neurology. Methods From January 2016 to May 2016, 38 hospitalized patients with neurological disorders were set as the control group . The control group was given routine nursing according to traditional way, and another 38 patients hospitalized from June 2016 to October 2016 who were set as the observation group were implemented with IAD preventive nursing process, including the training of nurses, risk factor evaluation,measures implented and IAD health education. The two groups were compared in terms of incidence, severity and harms of IAD. Results The incontinence incidence of IAD in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The IADS score of the observation group was significantly lower as well (P<0.05). Conclusion Preventive nursing process can help to reduce the risk and severity of IADS in the patients with urinary incontinence in neurology department.

Effect of"hormone calendar"on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients / 现代临床护理

Objective To improve the effect on oral hormone compliance with discharged neurological patients. Methods The convenience sampling method was used by selecting 230 hospital patients as control group between January to December, 2015 and another 152 patients in the hospital between January and December 2016 as experimental group. After discharge, the experimental group was treated with auxiliary hormone drugs,"hormone calendar"method, and the control group with the conventional education. The two groups were compared in terms of compliance in hormone taking, error in medication error and disease recurrence. Results About 2 months and 4 months after discharge, compliance with medication of the control group was higher than that of the experimental group. The error rate of medication and the recurrence rate were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion"hormone calendar"can enhance the medication compliance of hormonal medication, reduce the error rate of medication and recurrence rate, thus worth promoting.

Application of preventive nursing process in IAD management of neurology department / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the value of preventive nursing process in the management of incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in the department of neurology. Methods From January 2016 to May 2016, 38 hospitalized patients with neurological disorders were set as the control group . The control group was given routine nursing according to traditional way, and another 38 patients hospitalized from June 2016 to October 2016 who were set as the observation group were implemented with IAD preventive nursing process, including the training of nurses, risk factor evaluation,measures implented and IAD health education. The two groups were compared in terms of incidence, severity and harms of IAD. Results The incontinence incidence of IAD in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The IADS score of the observation group was significantly lower as well (P<0.05). Conclusion Preventive nursing process can help to reduce the risk and severity of IADS in the patients with urinary incontinence in neurology department.

Analysis of 439 Cases of Infection Diseases from Neurology Ward Consulted by Clinical Pharmacists / 中国药师

Objective:To analyze the characteristics of infectious diseases from neurology ward and provide reference for the treat-ment. Methods:The consultation record of the neurological patients who suffered infection diseases were retrospectively summarized from January 2011 to December 2013. All the consultation were performed by clinical pharmacists. SPSS 19. 0 software was used to an-alyze the adoption and prognosis of the outcomes. Results:In 439 consultation cases,256 patients(58. 31%)were older than 65 years. Most of the cases were respiratory infection(294 cases,65. 33%),urinary tract infection(40 cases,8. 89%)and intracranial infection(37 cases,8. 22%). There were 510 strains of bacteria isolated by culturing,in which 362 strains were gram-negative bacte-ria(70. 98%),127 strains were gram-positive bacteria(24. 90%)and 21 strains were fungi(4. 12%). The top five of pathogenic bac-teria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(125 stains,24. 51%),Acinetobacter baumannii(93 stains,18. 24%),Staphylococcus aureus(88 stains,17. 25%),Staphylococcus aureus(68 stains,13. 33%)and Escherichia coli. (32 stains,6. 27%). The detection rates of ESBLs of K. pneumonia and E. coli were 61. 36% and 75. 00%,respectively. Among 125 strains of P. aeruginosa,the sensitive rate to meropenem and inipenem was 65. 8% and 70. 6%,respectively. A. baumannii was highly multidrug resistant,and 21 strains (22. 58%)with pan-drug resistance were isolated. Gram-positive bacteria were highly sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. Totally 35 strains(52. 24%)of MRSA were isolated. The complete adoption rate of consultation opinion was 84. 74%(372 cases),the partial adoption rate was 7. 28%(32 cases),and 35 cases(7. 97%)were declined. In all the adopted cases(319 cases,78. 96%)showed effectiveness. In the linear correlation analysis,the consultation adoption and therapy outcomes had significant correlation(P<0. 01). Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can improve the efficiency in anti-infection therapy and play important roles in the treatment of infec-tious diseases in neurology ward,especially in the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.

Analysis of the changes of bacterial infection and the correspondent measure in the department of neurology / 重庆医学

Objective To analyze the situation of infections of bacteria and multi-drug resistant bacteria in Department of Neurology of First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012.Methods Clinical data from 2010-2012 were obtained via Doctor Workstation system and Excel software was applied to analyze the bacteria subto-tals sites,classifications and drug resistance rates.Results The rate of hospital bacterial infection decreased from 4.99% in 2010 to 3.41% 2013,while the composition of the bacterial infection sites exhibits no significant change.Staphylococcus aureus accounts for the major gram-positive bacterial infections,while E.coli contribute to gram-negative bacteria infections.Moreover,the ranking in the three years did not change significantly.In addition,the rate of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa increased. Conclusion Our department has achieved some success in the control of bacterial infection in the past three years,however the situ-ation remains to be difficult.

The study on practice of undergraduate tutorial system in the department of neurology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Undergraduate tutorial system is progressively rising in many medical colleges of China.We should explore feasible ways in the Chinese context according to our national conditions and teaching characteristics of medical students.Undergraduate tutorial system has been implementing for several years in department of Neurology of Changhai hospital attached to the second military medical college,where the tutor have done preliralnary research on training students1 comprehensive and professional quality and the problems of tutorial system

Application of doctor-patient communication in department of neurology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To apply doctor-patient communication model to improve students doctor-patient communication, and to raise medical quality. Methods 200 patients were allocated to observation group and control group randomly. In the observation group, we applied doctor-patient communication model,the other with common education schema. In order to appraise clinic effect,60 students were allocated to observation group and control group randomly. We applied doctor-patient communication model based on common medical education to the observation group, the other with common medical education. Results Patients in treatment group had more apparent clinic effect than control group.Students in treatment group. had more apparent capability than control group. Conclusion Application of doctor-patient communication in department of Neurology can improve stu-dents'clinic study and improve their clinic quality,and it can also completely cultivate the ability .of new type of medical talents.

Application of Braden evaluation scale in pressure ulcer prevention of bedridden patients in neurological department / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of Braden scale for the risk of development of pressure ulcers (PU) in the department of neurology bedridden patients and to explore subgroup preventive measures. Methods 400 cases newly hospitalized bedridden patients in the department of neurology were collected with no pressure ulcers at the first evaluation and pressure ulcer risk was continuously predicted by a Braden scale skin assessment. The high-risk, middle-risk and low-risk groups were randomized into the experimental group and the control group respectively. Routine preventive measures were taken for the control group while the air fluidized bed for the high-risk group, the sponge mattress for the middle-riskgroup, and turning the body over every 4 hours for low-risk group. Other preventive procedures were undertaken simultaneously in beth the experimental and the control groups. Results The area under the ROC curve (AUC)was 0.771 and 0.828 at the first and last time Braden scale scores respectively. Such vMues as sensitiveness, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were found in higher level,when the diagnosis value was 17. There was no significant difference of incidence rate of the subgroup pressure ulcers between the high-risk, middle-risk, low-risk groups compared to the control group. Conclusions The effect of predicting pressure ulcer risk for bedridden patients in the department of neurology with Braden scale was fairly good, while the score 17 as the diagnosis value was ideal. The air fluidized bed for the high-risk group and the sponge mattress for the middle-risk group resulted in no significant decrease of incidence rate of the pressure ulcer, while taming over the patients' body every 4 hours for low-risk groups showed acceptable and therefore saving medical resources.

Correlation of Mental Status and Personality of Inpatients in Department of Neurology of General Hospital / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To explore the relationship between personality and mental status of inpatients in the department of neurology of general hospital.Methods 150 inpatients in the department of neurology had been surveyed by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) and Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90) with the domestic norm as control.Results The examining results of the inpatients in the department of neurology were as following.The scores of neurotisim(N) of EPQ were higher than that of the domestic norm(P<0.05);the scores of extra-introversion(E) and psychoticism(P) of EPQ were lower than that of the domestic norm(P<0.05).The scores of 7 factors including total scores,somatisation,depression,anxiety,hostility,panic and psychosis in SCL-90 were higher than that of the domestic norm( P<0.05).The N scores of EPQ was positively correlated with all factors of SCL-90,the E scoers of EPQ was positively correlated with hostility and paranoia factor of SCL-90,the P scores of EPQ was positively correlated with paranoia factor of SCL-90.Conclusion The mental characteristics of inpatient in the department of neurology of general hospital in acute period are that the incidence of somatisation,depression,anxiety,panic and psychosis are higher than normal people,compulsion and paranoia are as well as normal people.The character of neurotisim and introversion may be the personality background of it.

Nosocomial Infection in Department of Neurology in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital:An Investigation and Analysis / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To analyze the morbidity,the pathogen and the risk factors of nosocomial infection in department of neurology in our hospital for searching the effective prophylactico-therapeutic measures.METHODS On the basis of investigating the recovery patients in department of neurology in our hospital from Jan 2003 to Dec 2005,we analyzed the morbidity,the infected sites,the difference of the nosocomial infection among underlying diseases,and the high incidence of nosocomial infection induced by invasive examination and cure.RESULTS The morbidity of nosocomial infection in department of neurology was 4.73%,and this was the highest in our hospital.The primary infected sites were the lower respiratory tract,the urinary tract and the upper respiratory tract,and the morbidity of nosocomial infective induced by invasion examination and cure increased obviously.CONCLUSIONS The morbidity of nosocomial infection in department of neurology is obviously above than other departments.Therefore,department of neurology should be emphasized to monitor,control and prevent nosocomial infection in the hospital.