Study on the relationship between regional soil desertification and salinization and groundwater based on remote sensing inversion: A case study of the windy beach area in Northern Shaanxi.

Soil desertification and salinization are important environmental concerns in arid regions, and their relationship with groundwater change must be further clarified. However, the relationships among soil desertification, salinization, and groundwater are difficult to investigate on a large spatiotemporal scale using traditional ground surveys. In the windy beach area in Northern Shaanxi (WBANS), desertification and salinization problems coexist; therefore, this area was selected as the study area. The feasibility of implementing large-scale remote sensing inversions to identify the degree of desertification and salinization was verified based on measured data, and the degree of influence of groundwater burial depth (GBD) on desertification and salinization was quantified using the geodetector and residual trend analysis methods. The results showed that the GBD in the WBANS presented an increasing trend and the degree of salinization showed a decreasing trend. Moreover, the joint influence of the unique natural environment and anthropogenic activities has led to increases in fractional vegetation cover and considerable improvements in the ecological environment. The intensity of desertification explained by GBD in the WBANS increased significantly (p < 0.01) at a rate of change of 0.0190/year, with high q-values above 0.66 for both Yuyang and Shenmu. The contribution rate of potential evapotranspiration and precipitation to salinization in Yuyang and Shenmu was >97 %, and the contribution rate of GBD to salinization in Dingbian, Jingbian, and Hengshan was 34.78 %, 31.15 %, and 29.41 %, respectively. Overall, the suitable GBD in the WBANS is 2-4 m. The study results provide a reference for research on the inversion, monitoring, and prevention of desertification and salinization dynamics on a large spatiotemporal scale and offer a scientific basis for rationally determining GBD.

Indirect Sensing of Subclinical Intramammary Infections in Dairy Herds with a Milking Robot.

This study determined the impact of subclinical intramammary infections (IMIs), such as the major and minor udder pathogens (MaPs and MiPs), on the somatic cell count (SCC) in cow milk and investigated the possibilities of indirect sensing of the udder pathogens using the mastitis detection index (MDi) (DeLaval, Tumba, Sweden). The MDi incorporates quarter-level milk electrical conductivity, blood in milk, and milking interval. The case group (n = 21; MDi ≥ 1.4) was compared with the control group (n = 24; MDi < 1.4) for the presence of IMIs. The microbiological investigation of udder quarter foremilk samples was performed two times with an interval of 10 to 14 days. The case and control groups differed in terms of the occurrence of MaPs and MiPs in milk. During the continuous subclinical IMI and the episodic MaP infection, a higher SCC was detected compared with the episodic MiP infection or quarters without IMI. The novel finding of this study was that by using the milk quality sensor for the sensing of subclinical IMIs, there was an indication for the successful detection of episodic MaPs. However, the sensing of the continuous subclinical IMIs was not possible in the current study and still needs to be investigated.

Multiple Sensor Fault Detection Using Index-Based Method.

The research on sensor fault detection has drawn much interest in recent years. Abrupt, incipient, and intermittent sensor faults can cause the complete blackout of the system if left undetected. In this research, we examined the observer-based residual analysis via index-based approaches for fault detection of multiple sensors in a healthy drive. Seven main indices including the moving mean, average, root mean square, energy, variance, first-order derivative, second-order derivative, and auto-correlation-based index were employed and analyzed for sensor fault diagnosis. In addition, an auxiliary index was computed to differentiate a faulty sensor from a non-faulty one. These index-based methods were utilized for further analysis of sensor fault detection operating under a range of various loads, varying speeds, and fault severity levels. The simulation results on a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are provided to demonstrate the pros and cons of various index-based methods for various fault detection scenarios.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes and Clinical Features of Neurosyphilis Compared with Latent Syphilis Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: At present, there is no gold standard or unified standard for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, and the rate of misdiagnosis is high. The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is still challenging. This study compared the clinical indicators between neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the differential diagnosis and prognosis of patients with neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection of the central nervous system. Methods: The clinical data of 59 patients with neurosyphilis and 30 patients with latent syphilis infection in the nervous system from 2008 to 2021 were analyzed. The cerebrospinal fluid and serum biochemical markers were evaluated for all patients. Results: CSF-nucleated cells, CSF-TRUST, CSF-totalprotein and CSF-IgG (P<0.001) were significantly different between neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection in the central nervous system. CSF-TRUST titer was positively correlated with D-D concentration (r = 0.274, P < 0.05), sodion (r =0.251, P < 0.05), respectively. Glucose concentration is the most unreliable in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis (AUC=0.445, P=0.395), and TRUST combined with nucleated cells and total protein is the most accurate in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis (AUC=0.989, P<0.001). Conclusion: The combination of TRUST, nucleated cell count and totalprotein detection in CSF can distinguish the patients with neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection in the central nervous system, which has a significant diagnostic value.

German Farmers' Awareness of Lameness in Their Dairy Herds.

Lameness is one of the most challenging problems in the dairy industry. Control is impeded because farmers often underestimate the number of lame cows. The objectives of this study were to assess German farmers' awareness of lameness in their herds and to determine the associations between farmers' awareness and their management practices, farm characteristics as well as with farmers' education, personality traits and attitudes. As a part of a large cross-sectional study, veterinarians visited farms in three structurally different regions of Germany: north (n = 253), east (n = 252), and south (n = 260). The cows (n = 84,998) were scored for locomotion and farmers were asked to estimate the number of cows that were lame or did not walk soundly. The ratio of farmers' estimated prevalence and the veterinarians' observed prevalence (Farmer's Detection Index; FDI) was calculated. The median lameness prevalence assessed by the veterinarians was 23.1, 39.1, and 23.2%, and the median prevalence of lame cows estimated by the farmers was 9.5, 9.5, and 7.1% in the north, east, and south, respectively. On average, farmers were conscious of only 45.3% (north), 24.0% (east), and 30.0% (south) of their lame cows. Farmers managing their herds according to organic principles had a higher FDI than farmers who managed their herds conventionally. Surprisingly, no significant associations between FDI and factors concerning claw health management could be detected. Therefore, increased awareness did not seem to be necessarily linked to improved management. Moreover, the FDI was not significantly associated with farmers' education or herd size. In the south, more extraverted farmers had a lower FDI. Those farmers who totally agreed with the statement, "I am satisfied with my herd's health," had a lower FDI than farmers who disagreed or were undecided. Moreover, farmers who disagreed or were undecided with the statement, "It affects me to see a cow in pain" had a higher FDI than those farmers who agreed to the statement. The results indicate that poor awareness of lameness was linked to the farmers' attitude and personality. Therefore, new approaches concerning the consultation regarding lameness control, such as the use of Motivational Interviewing, might be useful in the future.

[Exploration of phenomena and regularity of heat-sensitive acupoints based on bibliometrics].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the phenomena and regularity of heat-sensitive acupoints for clinic and further study. METHODS: Modern literature before May 11st, 2017 on heat-sensitive phenomena was retrieved from CNKI, VIP, WANFANG database, and SinoMED. The research trend of heat-sensitive acupoints and interventions, heat-sensitive region, detection indexes, and diseases were analyzed by bibliometrics. RESULTS: Among 201 included papers, 35 papers on healthy person was the highest, which were mainly related to Mingmen (GV 4) with 8 papers. As to the detection indexes, 125 papers on the individual, saturated and sensation vanishing moxibustion quantity accounted for the largest part, which were most relevant to the points in the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang (66 papers) and soft tissue injury (29 papers), and the second part was infrared radiation feature (61 papers), which were most relevant to healthy person (23 papers). CONCLUSION: Heat-sensitive phenomena own regularity, and the detection indexes are specific to heat-sensitive points in healthy person or patients with different diseases.

Combined detection and analysis of multiple indicators of second children in ABO-HDN / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective For the second children diagnosed as ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn(ABO-HDN),we made a comprehensive analysis of the related indicators of prenatal and postpartum,so as to achieve early prevention,early diagnosis and early treatment.Methods Prenatal microcolumn gel assay was used to detect the father and mother's blood type and mother's irregular antibody,mother serum IgG anti A(B)anti-body titer.Microcolumn gel assay was used to detect hemolysis three tests after the production of pregnant women.The results were divided into five groups according to the results of hemolysis three tests:group A[di-rect antiglobulin test(+),free antibodies test(+)and antibody releasing test(+)],group B[direct antiglobu-lin test(-),free antibodies test(+)and antibody releasing test(+)],group C[direct antiglobulin test(+), free antibodies test(-)and antibody releasing test(+)],group D[direct antiglobulin test(-),free antibod-ies test(-)and antibody releasing test(+)]and group E[direct antiglobulin test(+),free antibodies test (-)and antibody releasing test(-)].Total bilirubin,unbound bilirubin,hemoglobin,reticulocyte percentage and lactate dehydrogenase were detected by automatic analyzer.Results ABO-HDN children hemolysis three tests,in the 5 groups,the higher the titer of the mother's IgG anti A(B)antibody,the more serious the child' s condition was,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Reticulocyte percentage and lactate de-hydrogenase in the five groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion A combina-tion of antenatal and postnatal multiple laboratory test parameters is more accurate in predicting the second child ABO-HDN.At the same time,it helps to master the state of the disease and reduce the occurrence of complications and sequelae.

Exploration of phenomena and regularity of heat-sensitive acupoints based on bibliometrics / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the phenomena and regularity of heat-sensitive acupoints for clinic and further study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Modern literature before May 11st, 2017 on heat-sensitive phenomena was retrieved from CNKI, VIP, database, and SinoMED. The research trend of heat-sensitive acupoints and interventions, heat-sensitive region, detection indexes, and diseases were analyzed by bibliometrics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 201 included papers, 35 papers on healthy person was the highest, which were mainly related to Mingmen (GV 4) with 8 papers. As to the detection indexes, 125 papers on the individual, saturated and sensation vanishing moxibustion quantity accounted for the largest part, which were most relevant to the points in the bladder meridian of foot- (66 papers) and soft tissue injury (29 papers), and the second part was infrared radiation feature (61 papers), which were most relevant to healthy person (23 papers).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Heat-sensitive phenomena own regularity, and the detection indexes are specific to heat-sensitive points in healthy person or patients with different diseases.</p>

Consideration on Establishment of Physiochemical Quality Standard for Health Food / 中国药师

Under the enforcement background of the newly issued Food Safety Law and combined with the work on registration and record of health food , the article put forward the problems and challenges of health food regulation according to the physiochemical quality standard for health food .The paper provided methods and suggestions for the establishment of physical and chemical indices for health food , and discussed how to improve the compositions of physical and chemical testing indicators for health food and improve the specificity of the standard , which can provide basis and guarantee for the post-marketing supervision of health food .

Detection and Evaluation of Experimental Animal Models with Blood Deficiency / 中国中医药信息杂志

Blood deficiency is a syndrome that people feel weak and their mucosal skin becomes pale. Based on the theory that qi and blood are the basic materials of human beings, many domestic researchers have combined traditional Chinese medicine theory with methods of modern medical experiments in search of how to make experimental animal models with blood deficiency, and achieved great success in these years. By searching and arranging related research literature published in recent 10 years in CNKI, this article reviewed modeling methods and evaluation criteria in three aspects:traditional Chinese medicine etiology, western etiology and pathology, and comprehensive methods, with a purpose to provide a bright future through the comparison.