Time reduction to evaluate Pinus taeda seeds germination by time-to-event analysis

The species Pinus taeda is largely used in intensive silviculture worldwide. This species has propagation through seeds, which requires determining seeds viability for their commercialization. The germination test recommended for this species usually requires up to 63 days to provide results on the quality of freshly harvested seeds, delaying commercialization and favoring contamination during the conduction of the test. The authors of this study aimed to establish the developmental stages of P. taeda seedlings to determine a criterion for interpreting the germination test with greater speed and efficiency to obtain results. The seeds were sown in transparent plastic boxes on two sheets of blotting paper and placed in a germinator at 22 °C with constant lighting. Five morphological stages of seedling development were defined with daily counts of the number of normal seedlings for each criterion, distribution in time, and the accumulated percentage of normal seedlings adjusted to time-to-event nonlinear regression. The new interpretation criterion proposed in this study is efficient, and P. taeda seedlings can be considered normal when cotyledon leaves differ by approximately 3 mm between the integument and hypocotyl, reducing the time to conduct the germination test by up to ten days compared to the criterion usually used in the routine analysis of seed laboratories.

Biological aspects of Caligo teucer (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) with banana tree leaves

ABSTRACT Caligo teucer (Linnaeus, 1758) is widely distributed in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador. The objective was to study biological aspects of Caligo teucer japetus Stichel, 1903 with banana leaves, Musa sapientium L. (Zingiberales: Musaceae), in the butterfly garden, under environmental conditions, and in the laboratory of biological control of insects at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil at 24 ± 2 oC, 68 ± 10% relative humidity and 12 hours photophase. The duration of the egg incubation, larvae, pupa and egg to adult periods of C. teucer japetus were, respectively, 11.8 ± 0.1; 53.9 ± 0.9; 17.9 ± 0.3 and 82.6 ± 1.0 days for females, and 11.8 ± 0.1; 50.3 ± 0.6; 18.4 ± 0.3 and 79.4 ± 0.6 days for males in cages in the laboratory. The longevity of C. teucer japetus adults was 26.0 ± 10.4 and 47.5 ± 8.7 for females and 24.7 ± 3.5 and 35.4 ± 15.7 for males in the butterfly garden and in laboratory cages, respectively. The high survival and the relatively short period of development of its immature stages confirm that banana leaves are an adequate food substrate for the development and survival of Caligo teucer japetus.

Preparação para a aposentadoria: intervenção em um serviço público Municipal / Retirement preparation: intervention in a municipal public service / Preparación para la jubilación: intervención en un serviço público municipal

O trabalho ocupa um lugar de centralidade na vida humana, de modo que intervenções acerca da transição trabalho-aposentadoria vêm sendo desenvolvidas objetivando facilitar o desenvolvimento profissional ao longo da vida, sobretudo no estágio de desengajamento. Este estudo objetivou descrever e analisar os resultados de um programa de preparação para a aposentadoria (PPA). Em quatro anos do programa participaram 122 pessoas com idade média de 57 anos (DP=1,52). O programa foi desenvolvido em oito encontros, nos quais foram abordados os seguintes temas: vida financeira, empreendedorismo, saúde e envelhecimento, família, vida social, trajetória socioprofissional e projetos de futuro. Por meio de autoavaliações, comparando a situação pré e pós intervenção, os participantes registraram mudanças relevantes nos sentimentos e recursos internos para enfrentamento da transição trabalho- aposentadoria. Foram apontadas possibilidades de aprimoramento do programa e de implementação de políticas públicas para a aposentadoria e o envelhecimento digno, considerando o cenário econômico e previdenciário brasileiro (AU).

Work occupies a central place in human life, so that interventions about the workretirement transition have been developed aiming at facilitating life-long professional development, especially at the disengagement stage. This study aimed to describe and analyze the results of a retirement preparation program (PPA). In four years of the program participated 122 people with average age of 57 years (SD = 1,52). The program was developed in eight meetings, in which the following topics like: financial life, entrepreneurship, health and aging, family, social life, socio-professional trajectory and future projects. Through self-assessments comparing the pre and post intervention situation, participants recorded relevant changes in feelings and internal resources to cope with work-retirement transition. Possibilities in order to improve the program and implementation of public policies for retirement and decent aging were pointed out, considering the Brazilian economic and social security scenario (AU).

El trabajo ocupa un lugar central en la vida humana, por lo que las intervenciones sobre la transición trabajo-jubilación se han desarrollado con el objetivo de facilitar el desarrollo profesional de por vida, especialmente en la etapa de desconexión. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar los resultados de un programa de preparación para la jubilación (PPA). En cuatro años del programa participaron 122 personas con una edad promedio de 57 años (DE = 1,52). El programa se desarrolló en ocho reuniones, en las que se abordaron los siguientes temas: vida financiera, emprendimiento, salud y envejecimiento, familia, vida social, trayectoria socioprofesional y proyectos futuros. A través de autoevaluaciones, comparando la situación previa y posterior a la intervención, los participantes registraron cambios relevantes en los sentimientos y los recursos internos para hacer frente a la transición trabajo-jubilación. Se señalaron las posibilidades de mejora del programa y la implementación de políticas públicas para la jubilación y el envejecimiento digno, considerando el escenario económico y de seguridad social brasileño (AU).

Association between pubertal development stages and body adiposity in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to analyze the association between pubertal development stages and adiposity in children and adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2007 in Florianópolis, Brazil, with 2339 schoolchildren 32 aged 8 to 14 years old (1107 males). The outcome (adiposity) was evaluated using Z score and 33 percentilee values > = 85 of four skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and calf) and waist 34 circumference. Total body adiposity (Z score of the sum of skinfolds), central adiposity (Z score 35 of waist circumference) and peripheral adiposity (Z scores of triceps and calf skinfolds) were 36 estimated. Pubertal development stages was self-assessed according to Tanner stages of development. Thirty-seven Children and adolescents were classified according to tertiles of age for each pubertal development stages 38 stage - early, normal and late. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and 39 multivariate Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Children and adolescent from both sexes with early pubertal development stages presented higher prevalence of central adiposity (waist circumference), with adjusted prevalence ratio (CI 95%) of 2.21 (1.12; 4.35) for males and 2.18 (1.04; 4.57) for females (reference group: normal pubertal development stages). Among females, there was a reduction in the prevalence of excess adiposity with decreased occurrence of early pubertal development stages. There was a strong relationship between adiposity and pubertal development stages. CONCLUSIONS: Excess adiposity was higher in both sexes for those with early pubertal development stages.

Chemotaxic Responses of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Odors of Larvae, Pupae, and the Diet of Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae).

Many hymenopteran parasitoids are known as biocontrol agents, such as Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), which is known to parasitize larvae and pupae of coleopteran pests including Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). The success of these parasitoids is related to their searching ability, which is mediated through chemical stimuli of the habitat, food, and the progeny of the host itself. This study aimed to assess the chemotaxic responses of A. calandrae comparing the reproductive state of the insects and the experience of wasp females, to different development stages (larvae and pupae) and the presence or absence of the host diet. The chemotaxic responses of A. calandrae individuals at 2 to 4 days old were assessed in a "Y" type olfactometer. Virgin and paired females (without and with previous experience of parasitism) were exposed to larvae of last instar contrasted with pupae and to the diet of L. serricorne. Both virgin and mated males were tested only for diet. Virgin females showed a preference for the diet in contrast to the larvae and to the pupae in contrast to the diet. Paired females without experience choose larvae over diet and made no distinction between pupae and diet. Experienced mated females showed preference for the host to which it had access before, instead of any other alternative option, indicating that there may be changes in the preference through learning.

Bacterial diversity and community structure of the intestinal microbiome of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) during ontogenesis.

The acquisition of gut microbes does not occur randomly and is highly dependent on host factors, environmental cues, and self-assembly rules exerted by the microbes themselves. The main objective of this project was to characterize how the gut microbiome develops during the early life stages of Channel Catfish and to identify i) which bacteria are the main constituents of the gut microbiome at different ontogenesis stages, and ii) at which time point(s) the gut microbiome stabilizes. High-throughput Illumina Miseq DNA sequencing of the V4 domain of the 16S rRNA gene was used to assess the microbial community composition during the life stages of Channel Catfish along with water and feed samples. Microbiomes from fertilized eggs, sac fry, swim up fry, pre-fingerlings, and fingerlings were all significantly distinct. OTUs analyses showed that the phylum Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Cyanobacteria dominated the Channel Catfish gut microbiome. During the early stages of ontogenesis, the fish microbiome was dynamic and highly diverse, with significant shifts occurring between fertilized eggs to sac fry (6dph), and from sac fry to swim up fry (15dph). The gut microbiome stabilized between the pre-fingerlings and fingerlings stage (≤90dph) with an observed reduction in species richness. Feed had a more significantly contribution to the microbial colonization of the gut than water. We have identified the period in which the gut microbiome changes rapidly from 15dph until 21dph before stabilizing after 90dph.

Protein sources digestibility and inorganic phosphates availability by Nile tilapia in tree development stages / Digestibilidade de fontes proteicas e disponibilidade de fosfatos inorgânicos em três fases de desenvolvimento da tilápia-do-nilo

Apparent digestibility of nutrients in several protein ingredients and inorganic phosphates were compared in three Nile tilapia different development stage. The ingredients tested were fish meal, chicken by-product meal, meat and bone meal, corn gluten, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, monobi-calcium phosphate, bi-calcium phosphate, mono-potassium phosphate and phosphoric acid. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium were determined with 25g, 250g and 500g fish. It was concluded that, the capacity of Nile tilapia to digesting feed and absorbing nutrients is dependent on the body weight and characteristics of food evaluated. There was a trend to better utilization of nutrients from animal origin foods and inorganic sources by 25g fish. The fishes with 250g and 500g showed better use of plant protein sources than 25g fish.(AU)

A digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes de ingredientes proteicos e fosfatos inorgânicos foi comparada em três diferentes fases de desenvolvimento da tilápia-do-nilo. Os ingredientes testados foram farinha de peixe, farinha de vísceras de aves, farinha de carne e ossos, glúten de milho, farelo de soja, farelo de algodão, fosfato monobicálcico, fosfato bicálcico, fosfato monopotássico e ácido fosfórico. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDAs) de matéria seca, proteína, energia, P, Ca e Mg foram determinados com peixes de 25 g, 250 g e 500 g. Concluiu-se que a capacidade da tilápia-do-nilo de digerir os alimentos e absorver os nutrientes é dependente do peso corporal e das características do alimento avaliado. Houve tendência de melhor aproveitamento de nutrientes dos alimentos de origem animal e das fontes inorgânicas pelos peixes de 25 g. Os peixes de 250 g e 500 g mostraram melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes das fontes proteicas de origem vegetal, quando comparados aos peixes de 25 g.(AU)

Protein sources digestibility and inorganic phosphates availability by Nile tilapia in tree development stages / Digestibilidade de fontes proteicas e disponibilidade de fosfatos inorgânicos em três fases de desenvolvimento da tilápia-do-nilo

Apparent digestibility of nutrients in several protein ingredients and inorganic phosphates were compared in three Nile tilapia different development stage. The ingredients tested were fish meal, chicken by-product meal, meat and bone meal, corn gluten, soybean meal, cotton seed meal, monobi-calcium phosphate, bi-calcium phosphate, mono-potassium phosphate and phosphoric acid. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium were determined with 25g, 250g and 500g fish. It was concluded that, the capacity of Nile tilapia to digesting feed and absorbing nutrients is dependent on the body weight and characteristics of food evaluated. There was a trend to better utilization of nutrients from animal origin foods and inorganic sources by 25g fish. The fishes with 250g and 500g showed better use of plant protein sources than 25g fish.

A digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes de ingredientes proteicos e fosfatos inorgânicos foi comparada em três diferentes fases de desenvolvimento da tilápia-do-nilo. Os ingredientes testados foram farinha de peixe, farinha de vísceras de aves, farinha de carne e ossos, glúten de milho, farelo de soja, farelo de algodão, fosfato monobicálcico, fosfato bicálcico, fosfato monopotássico e ácido fosfórico. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDAs) de matéria seca, proteína, energia, P, Ca e Mg foram determinados com peixes de 25 g, 250 g e 500 g. Concluiu-se que a capacidade da tilápia-do-nilo de digerir os alimentos e absorver os nutrientes é dependente do peso corporal e das características do alimento avaliado. Houve tendência de melhor aproveitamento de nutrientes dos alimentos de origem animal e das fontes inorgânicas pelos peixes de 25 g. Os peixes de 250 g e 500 g mostraram melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes das fontes proteicas de origem vegetal, quando comparados aos peixes de 25 g.

Diversity and distribution of the endophytic bacterial community at different stages of Eucalyptus growth.

The relationships between plants and endophytic bacteria significantly contribute to plant health and yield. However, the microbial diversity in leaves of Eucalyptus spp. is still poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the endophytic diversity in leaves of hybrid Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla (Eucalyptus "urograndis") by using culture-independent and culture-dependent approaches, to better understand their ecology in leaves at different stages of Eucalyptus development, including bacteria with N2 fixation potential. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (classes alpha-, beta- and gamma-) and Actinobacteria were identified in the Eucalyptus "urograndis" endophytic bacterial community. Within this community, the species Novosphingobium barchaimii, Rhizobium grahamii, Stenotrophomonas panacihumi, Paenibacillus terrigena, P. darwinianus and Terrabacter lapilli represent the first report these bacteria as endophytes. The diversity of the total endophytic bacteria was higher in the leaves from the 'field' (the Shannon-Wiener index, 2.99), followed by the indices obtained in the 'clonal garden' (2.78), the 'recently out from under shade (2.68), 'under shade' (2.63) and 'plants for dispatch' (2.51). In contrast, for diazotrophic bacteria, the highest means of these indices were obtained from the leaves of plants in the 'under shade' (2.56), 'recently out from under shade (2.52)' and 'field' stages (2.54). The distribution of the endophytic bacterial species in Eucalyptus was distinct and specific to the development stages under study, and many of the species had the potential for nitrogen fixation, raising the question of whether these bacteria could contribute to overall nitrogen metabolism of Eucalyptus.

Vulvovaginitis en una población pediátrica: relación entre el agente etiológico, la edad y el estadio de Tanner mamario / Vulvovaginitis in a pediatric population: relationship among etiologic agents, age and Tanner staging of breast development

Introducción. La vulvovaginitis representa el 25% de las consultas en ginecología pediátrica. Objetivo. Evaluar las etiologías de las vulvovaginitis en función de la edad y el estadio de Tanner mamario. Material y métodos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal realizado entre el 1 de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2011. Se analizaron pacientes con vulvovaginitis en función de dos variables: la edad (GI: 0 a 8,9 años; GII: 9 a 15,9 años y GIII: 16 a 18 años) y el estadio de Tanner mamario (I; II-III; IV-V). Resultados. Se incluyeron 229 pacientes; 78 niñas en GI, 134 en GII y 17 en GIII; en relación con el estadio de Tanner mamario, se agruparon 81 niñas en TI, 36 en TII-III y 112 TIV-V. Shigella y Oxiurus se presentaron con mayor frecuencia a temprana edad. Candida albicans, otras especies de Candida, Gardnerella y Ureaplasma urealyticum se observaron en niñas mayores. Oxiurus predominó en la etapa prepuberal y Candida albicans, en la pospuberal. Conclusiones. En relación con la etiología de las vulvovaginitis, la influencia hormonal es más relevante que la edad cronológica de la paciente.

Introduction. Vulvovaginitis accounts for 25% of all pediatric gynecology consultations. Objective. To assess the etiology of vulvovaginitis based on age and Tanner staging of breast development. Material and Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted between January 1st and December 31st, 2011. Patients with vulvovaginitis were assessed based on two outcome measures: age group (GI: 0 to 8.9 years old, GII: 9 to 15.9 years old, and GIII: 16 to 18 years old), and the Tanner staging of breast development (I, II-III, IV-V). Results. Two hundred and twenty-nine patients were included, 78 girls in the GI group, 134 in the GII group, and 17 in the GIII group; 81 girls were classified as TI, 36 as TII-III, and 112 as TIV-V based on Tanner staging. Shigella and Oxyuris were the most commonly found etiologic agents in younger girls. Candida albicans, other Candida species, Gardnerella and Ureaplasma urealyticum were the germs most commonly observed in older patients. Oxyuris was predominant in prepubertal girls, while Candida albicans, in postpubertal girls. Conclusions. Hormonal influence was more relevant than the patient's age in terms of vulvovaginitis etiology.