RESUMO
Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, and their flexibility is derived in part from a complex extracellular matrix that can be made-to-order to cope with environmental demand. Although common developmental stages leading to biofilm formation have been described, an in-depth knowledge of genetic and signaling is required to understand biofilm formation. Bacteria detect changes in population density by quorum sensing and particular environmental conditions, using signals such as cyclic di-GMP or nitric oxide. The significance of understanding these signaling pathways lies in that they control a broad variety of functions such as biofilm formation, and motility, providing benefits to bacteria as regards host colonization, defense against competitors, and adaptation to changing environments. Due to the importance of these features, we here review the signaling network and regulatory connections among quorum sensing, c-di-GMP and nitric oxide involving biofilm formation.
Assuntos
Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , GMP Cíclico/análogos & derivados , Óxido Nítrico/fisiologia , Percepção de Quorum/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Aderência Bacteriana/fisiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/fisiologia , GMP Cíclico/fisiologia , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica , Modelos Biológicos , Sistemas do Segundo Mensageiro/fisiologia , Virulência/fisiologiaRESUMO
Las bacterias forman biopelículas de manera ubicua, y esta característica les otorga una flexibilidad que es resultado, en parte, de una matriz compleja construida según las exigencias de las condiciones ambientales. Aunque los estadios de la formación de las biopelículas bacterianas se conocen con detalle, para entender con profundidad la formación de las biopelículas es deseable un conocimiento mayor de los mecanismos de señalización. Las bacterias detectan cambios en la densidad de población por regulación del quórum y condiciones específicas, empleando señales como el di-GMPc y el óxido nítrico. La importancia del conocimiento de estas vías de señalización radica en que controlan una variedad de funciones, como la formación de biopelículas y la movilidad, y proporcionan a las bacterias beneficios en la colonización del hospedador, la defensa contra competidores y los cambios adversos del entorno. Por la trascendencia que revisten estos aspectos, revisamos aquí las redes de regulación y la conexión de la señalización entre quorum sensing, di-GMPc y óxido nítrico
Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous in nature, and their flexibility is derived in part from a complex extracellular matrix that can be made-to-order to cope with environmental demand. Although common developmental stages leading to biofilm formation have been described, an in-depth knowledge of genetic and signaling is required to understand biofilm formation. Bacteria detect changes in population density by quorum sensing and particular environmental conditions, using signals such as cyclic di-GMP or nitric oxide. The significance of understanding these signaling pathways lies in that they control a broad variety of functions such as biofilm formation, and motility, providing benefits to bacteria as regards host colonization, defense against competitors, and adaptation to changing environments. Due to the importance of these features, we here review the signaling network and regulatory connections among quorum sensing, c-di-GMP and nitric oxide involving biofilm formation