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Resumen La hipertensión arterial se considera como una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en todo el mundo. Asimismo, su elevada prevalencia en los países en vías de desarrollo se relaciona directamente con el desconocimiento de la enfermedad, e inversamente con la prevalencia del tratamiento y el control de la hipertensión arterial. El objetivo de esta revisión es compilar la evidencia sobre los factores que influencian la prevalencia de conocimiento del diagnóstico de hipertensión arterial, el tratamiento y el control óptimo de la enfermedad dependiendo del contexto epidemiológico. Por ello, se enfatiza que gran parte del desafío en los países en vías de desarrollo consiste en evaluar la escasa evidencia epidemiológica de base poblacional para realizar recomendaciones que se adapten a los recursos disponibles en las diferentes regiones. Para este propósito se realizó una breve revisión sobre las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica propuestas por la Sociedad Internacional de Hipertensión en el año 2020.
Abstract High blood pressure is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, its high prevalence in developing countries is directly related to the lack of awareness of the diagnosis and conversely to the prevalence of treatment and control of high blood pressure. This literature review aims to compile evidence on the factors that influence the prevalence of knowledge of the diagnosis of high blood pressure, the treatment and optimal control of the disease depending on the epidemiological context. In this review, we emphasize that much of the challenge in developing countries is to assess the limited population-based epidemiological evidence to make recommendations that are tailored to the resources available in the different regions. For this purpose, a brief review is carried out on the recommendations of the clinical practice guides proposed by the International Hypertension Society in 2020.
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Sediments from coal mine drainages (CMDs) contain large quantities of suspended pollutants (possibly numerous chemical substances) along with sulfates and hazardous elements (e.g., chromium, zinc, copper, lead) that irreversibly accumulate in the water. As this accumulation can continue for decades after discontinuation of coal extraction, it is necessary to employ multidisciplinary approaches to control the threat in such zones. The quantity of amorphous material in some CMDs was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) using the Rietveld-based SIROQUANT software package. Modern Dual Beam Focused Ion Beam (FIB), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (H-TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) were used to evaluate the occurrence and transformation of nanophases (NPs). FIB is used to determine the 3D distribution of different species (internal structure) within individual NPs, whereas EDS is used to observe NP features (e.g., shape, constituent, range, assembly, and form of polymerization). The mineralogy of the sediment from the Brazilian CMDs, including the proportions of quartz, clays, Al-Fe-oxides, and amorphous NPs, appears to be related to the nature of the mineral matter in the relevant coal cleaning rejects (CCRs). The sediments of CMDs from the Brazilian coal area derived at a lower-pH range have different amorphous compositions as compared to those derived at a higher pH range. These special amorphous compositions are shown to be related to several other sediment properties such as particle surface area. The information gleaned in this study will be useful for further geochemical evaluation of CMDs in other parts of the world.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Brasil , Carvão Mineral/análise , Cinza de Carvão/análise , Cobre/química , Poluentes Ambientais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Minerais/química , Mineração , Espectrometria por Raios X , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Se informa un caso de hemangioma cavernoso del mesosigmoide, su presentación clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento, y se ofrece una revisión de la literatura asequible sobre el tema, para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Medigraphic, Cochrane, Medline y PubMed. El paciente es un hombre de 72 años de edad, que se presentó con dolor abdominal, estreñimiento, pérdida de peso y masa tumoral en la fosa ilíaca izquierda. A pesar de las investigaciones imaginológicas y endoscópica, no se pudo hacer el diagnóstico preoperatorio. Se trató por laparotomía y resección del tumor, y el diagnóstico se confirmó por estudio histopatológico. El hemangioma cavernoso del mesosigmoide es un tumor raro, difícil de diagnosticar preoperatoriamente, a pesar de las avanzadas técnicas imaginológicas. La escisión quirúrgica y el examen histológico pueden ser los únicos medios para el diagnóstico.
This article reported a case of cavernous hemangioma of the mesosigmoid, its clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It also offered literature review on this topic for which search into the Medigraphic, Cochrane, Medline and Pubmed databases was made. The patient was a 72 years-old man that went to the hospital with abdominal pain, constipation, loss of weight and tumor mass in the left iliac cavity. Despite imaging and endoscopic research, it was not possible to reach diagnosis preoperatively. He underwent laparotomy and tumor resection and the final diagnosis was confirmed in the histopathological study. The cavernous hemangioma of the mesosigmoid is a rare tumor difficult to preoperatively diagnose despite the advanced imaging techniques. Surgical excision and histological exam are the only means to reach diagnosis.