Physicochemical Evaluations of Diets, Rumen Fluid, Blood and Faeces of Beef Cattle under Two Different Feedlot Systems.

The physicochemical characteristics of diets and faeces were evaluated in combination with data of rumen fluid and blood lactate collected from two distinct feedlot systems in Brazil to understand the causes and correlations to digestive disorders in these production systems. The data were collected during two visits to a finishing system which fed about 80,000 head per year, and four visits to two properties that fed 150 to 180 straight bred Nellore bulls per year to be sold as stud cattle. The findings suggest that ruminal acidosis occurred when there was high intake of starch-rich concentrate, and that subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) most likely occurred in situations where more than 4% of faecal dry matter was excreted as particles larger than 4 mm. The latter were associated with diets having less than 15% of particles smaller than 8 mm and faecal pH under 6.30. It is concluded that ancillary tests, such as ruminal and faecal pH, and particle size distribution in the faeces, can potentially be used in combination with information on diet nutritional composition and a series of best practice management protocols to increase not only animal productivity but to reduce the risks of SARA and ensure the welfare of animals.

Effects of a Modern Kefir on Conditions Associated with Moderate Severe Spastic Quadriparesis Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) in children constitutes a set of movement and body posture disorders caused by brain injury, which in turn is associated with a series of intestinal, respiratory, and malnutrition conditions. Twenty-four children were selected and included for the present study and subdivided into two groups: (1) children who included modern kefir (containing 12 probiotic species) in their diet; and (2) control group (not including kefir in their diet). The group supplemented with modern kefir received a beverage with multi probiotic species and the control group received commercial yogurt (which included the 2 typical lactic acid bacteria) for 7 weeks. Anthropometric variables, resting energy expenditure, presence, and diagnosis of functional digestive disorders (FDD), frequency of respiratory problems, presence of elevated C-reactive protein, differential count of leukocytes were evaluated. A significant increase in weight and height was found in the kefir group at the final time point. In addition, kefir intake promoted a significant reduction in functional constipation and stool hardness and increased the absolute value of blood lymphocytes. Since the fermented milk beverage modern kefir improves constipation, which is the most important FDD in children with CP and the nutritional and immune status, it could be considered an important strategy to improve health in these children.

Investigating the Use of Dry Matter Intake and Energy Balance Prepartum as Predictors of Digestive Disorders Postpartum.

One objective was to evaluate the association of dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight (DMI%BW) and energy balance (EB) prepartum and postpartum, and energy-corrected milk (ECM) postpatum with digestive disorders postpartum. For this, ANOVA was used, and DMI%BW, EB, and ECM were the outcome variables, and left displaced abomasum (LDA), indigestion, and other digestive disorders (ODDZ) were the explanatory variables. The main objective was to evaluate prepartum DMI%BW and EB as predictors of digestive disorders. For this, logistic regression was used, and LDA, indigestion, and ODDZ were the outcome variables and DMI%BW and EB were the explanatory variables. Data from 689 cows from 11 experiments were compiled. Left displaced abomasum was not associated with prepartum DMI%BW or EB. Postpartum data were normalized to the day of the event (day 0). Cows that developed LDA had lesser postpartum DMI%BW on days -24, -23, -12, -7 to 0 and from days 1 to 8, 10 to 12, and 14 and 16, lesser postpartum EB from days -7 to -5, -3 to 0, and 12, and lesser postpartum energy-corrected milk on days -19, -2, -1, 0, 7, 9, 10, 15, and 17 relative to diagnosis than cows without LDA. Cows that developed indigestion had lesser prepartum DMI%BW and EB than cows without indigestion, and lesser postpartum DMI%BW on days -24, -1, 0, 1, and 2, and greater DMI%BW on day 26, lesser ECM on days -24, -2, -1, 0, 1, and 2 relative to diagnosis. Postpartum EB was not associated with indigestion postpartum. Cows that developed ODDZ had lesser prepartum DMI%BW on day -8 and from days -5 to -2, lesser prepartum EB on day -8 and from days -5 to -2, and lesser postpartum DMI%BW than cows without ODDZ. Each 0.1 percentage point decrease in the average DMI%BW and each Mcal decrease in the average EB in the last 3 days prepartum increased the odds of having indigestion by 9% each. Cutoffs for DMI%BW and EB during the last 3 days prepartum to predict indigestion were established and were ≤1.3%/day and ≤0.68 Mcal/day, respectively. In summary, measures of prepartum DMI%BW and EB were associated with indigestion and ODDZ postpartum and were predictors of indigestion postpartum, although the effect sizes were small.

Relationship between taste perception and use of upper complete dentures.

AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the taste perception in patients with upper complete dentures. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred seventy male and female patients (45-83 years old) upper denture wearers were evaluated for their gustatory function by the paper strips technique in relation to the four basic tastes. The taste test was performed with and without the presence of the denture on the palate. Through Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, the results were analyzed by their normal distribution. The t-test for paired samples was used to evaluate if there was a statistical difference on the taste perception and itself revealed that there is a significant difference (p < 0.01) when the taste perception was analyzed for the absence and presence of the prosthesis (alone and compared) (p < 0.01). The results revealed that patients with dentures had great difficulty to recognize the bitter taste, followed by the salty, sweet, and sour. CONCLUSION: The presence of the denture was able to modify the perception of taste when compared to its absence, especially for the bitter taste.

Achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de bezerros com úlceras de abomaso / Clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings of abomasal ulcers in calves

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar os principais achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de oito bezerros acometidos com úlceras de abomaso, atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, no período de 2000 a 2014. As principais queixas relatadas pelos proprietários foram: apatia e em alguns casos diarreia de coloração enegrecida. Ao exame físico foram evidenciadas: apatia, anorexia, palidez de mucosas, caquexia, hipertermia e desidratação de grau moderado a grave. Ao exame do abdômen foram constatadas alterações no contorno, hipomotilidade ruminal, abomasal e intestinal. As fezes se apresentaram na grande maioria dos casos pastosas, de coloração enegrecida, fétidas e com muco. Alguns dos animais apresentaram doenças concomitantes: broncopneumonia, tristeza parasitária, timpanismo e diarreia. Dos oito animais atendidos, sete vieram a óbito e apenas um recebeu alta. Dentre as alterações encontradas no hemograma chamaram atenção leucocitose por neutrofilia ( = 18.400/μL). Hipoproteinemia, hiperfibrinogenemia e diminuição do hematócrito. A análise do fluído ruminal destacou o comprometimento acentuado do número de infusórios vivos, diminuição da densidade e motilidade, odor alterado, coloração quase sempre enegrecida e elevação no teor de cloretos ( = 73,58 mEq/L). Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram: úlceras de tamanhos e tipos variados distribuídas pela mucosa abomasal, coágulos no lúmen do órgão, estenose pilórica e peritonite difusa. Diante desses achados conclui-se que esta enfermidade tem grande importância econômica e produtiva, principalmente em animais mais jovens como os bezerros que quando acometidos possuem risco de morte.(AU)

The aim of this study was to report the main clinical, laboratory and pathological findings of eight affected calves abomasum ulcers treated at Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns / Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, from 2000 to 2014. The main complaints the owners were apathy and in some cases diarrhea blackish color. Physical examination was shown apathy, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, cachexia, hyperthermia and moderate to severe dehydration. On examination of the abdomen changes were observed in the contour, ruminal, abomasal and intestinal hypomotility. The faeces presented in most cases pasty, blackened color, malodorous and mucus. Some of the animals had concomitant diseases: pneumonia, tick fever, bloating and diarrhea. Of the eight animals served seven came to death and only one was discharged. Among the changes found in the count blood cells called attention leukocytosis by neutrophilia ( = 18,400 / uL). Hypoproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and decreased hematocrit. The analysis of ruminal fluid highlighted the severe impairment of the number of live infusoria, reduced density and motility, altered odor, color almost always blackened and increase in chloride content ( = 73.58 mEq / L). The main pathological findings were different sizes and types of ulcers distributed by abomasal mucosa, blood clots in the lumen of the organ, pyloric stenosis and diffuse peritonitis. Given these findings it is accomplished that this disease is very important economic and productive, especially in younger animals as calves when affected has risk of death.(AU)

Achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de bezerros com úlceras de abomaso / Clinical, laboratory and anatomopathological findings of abomasal ulcers in calves

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar os principais achados clínicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de oito bezerros acometidos com úlceras de abomaso, atendidos na Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns/Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, no período de 2000 a 2014. As principais queixas relatadas pelos proprietários foram: apatia e em alguns casos diarreia de coloração enegrecida. Ao exame físico foram evidenciadas: apatia, anorexia, palidez de mucosas, caquexia, hipertermia e desidratação de grau moderado a grave. Ao exame do abdômen foram constatadas alterações no contorno, hipomotilidade ruminal, abomasal e intestinal. As fezes se apresentaram na grande maioria dos casos pastosas, de coloração enegrecida, fétidas e com muco. Alguns dos animais apresentaram doenças concomitantes: broncopneumonia, tristeza parasitária, timpanismo e diarreia. Dos oito animais atendidos, sete vieram a óbito e apenas um recebeu alta. Dentre as alterações encontradas no hemograma chamaram atenção leucocitose por neutrofilia ( = 18.400/μL). Hipoproteinemia, hiperfibrinogenemia e diminuição do hematócrito. A análise do fluído ruminal destacou o comprometimento acentuado do número de infusórios vivos, diminuição da densidade e motilidade, odor alterado, coloração quase sempre enegrecida e elevação no teor de cloretos ( = 73,58 mEq/L). Os principais achados anatomopatológicos foram: úlceras de tamanhos e tipos variados distribuídas pela mucosa abomasal, coágulos no lúmen do órgão, estenose pilórica e peritonite difusa. Diante desses achados conclui-se que esta enfermidade tem grande importância econômica e produtiva, principalmente em animais mais jovens como os bezerros que quando acometidos possuem risco de morte.

The aim of this study was to report the main clinical, laboratory and pathological findings of eight affected calves abomasum ulcers treated at Clínica de Bovinos, Campus Garanhuns / Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, from 2000 to 2014. The main complaints the owners were apathy and in some cases diarrhea blackish color. Physical examination was shown apathy, anorexia, pale mucous membranes, cachexia, hyperthermia and moderate to severe dehydration. On examination of the abdomen changes were observed in the contour, ruminal, abomasal and intestinal hypomotility. The faeces presented in most cases pasty, blackened color, malodorous and mucus. Some of the animals had concomitant diseases: pneumonia, tick fever, bloating and diarrhea. Of the eight animals served seven came to death and only one was discharged. Among the changes found in the count blood cells called attention leukocytosis by neutrophilia ( = 18,400 / uL). Hypoproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia and decreased hematocrit. The analysis of ruminal fluid highlighted the severe impairment of the number of live infusoria, reduced density and motility, altered odor, color almost always blackened and increase in chloride content ( = 73.58 mEq / L). The main pathological findings were different sizes and types of ulcers distributed by abomasal mucosa, blood clots in the lumen of the organ, pyloric stenosis and diffuse peritonitis. Given these findings it is accomplished that this disease is very important economic and productive, especially in younger animals as calves when affected has risk of death.

Intussuscepção tipo colíco em bovino provocada por corpo estranho: relato de caso / Colonic intussusception due to foreign body in bovine: a case report

Este relato teve como objetivo descrever um caso de intussuscepção do tipo cólico em um bovino, fêmea, adulto, sem raça definida. No exame clínico observou-se que o animal apresentava um quadro de desidratação, anorexia, apatia e hipomotilidade ruminal. Também foi possível observar um aumento de volume no flanco direito. Na palpação retal não se observou distensão das alças intestinais, presença de líquido, porém o animal demonstrou significativo desconforto. As fezes apresentaram-se enegrecidas, com odor pútrido e com presença de muco. No hemograma não foi observado hemoconcentração, nem alterações significativas nos eritrócitos e leucócitos, apenas um pequeno aumento nos neutrófilos segmentados. Diante disto, foi realizada uma laparotomia exploratória, onde foi possível observar presença de fibrina e rompimento de alças, depois de identificado o caso foi realizado uma enterectomia, seguida de anastomose. Devido à gravidade e evolução do quadro o bovino não resistiu vindo a óbito no dia posterior a cirurgia. O diagnóstico se baseou nos achados clínicos, laboratoriais e na laparotomia exploratória.

This report aims to describe a case of colic intussusception, type one, in a crossbreed cow. The clinical findings included dehydration, anorexia, apathy and ruminal hypomotility, besides a swelling in the right flank. On rectal palpation was not observed intestinal distension or presence of liquid, but the animal presented significant discomfort. The feces were blackened, with a putrid odor and presence of mucus. The complete blood count showed only a small increase in segmented neutrophils, without evidence of hemoconcentration or alterations in erythrocytes and leukocytes count. After clinical examination it was decided perform an exploratory laparotomy, where it was possible to observe the presence of fibrin and rupture of intestine. The corrective surgery was performed through bowel resection and subsequent anastomosis. Due to the severity of the case, the animal died one day after surgery. The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory and exploratory laparotomy.

Colonic intussusception due to foreign body in bovine: a case report / Intussuscepção tipo colíco em bovino provocada por corpo estranho: relato de caso

This report aims to describe a case of colic intussusception, type one, in a crossbreed cow. The clinical findings included dehydration, anorexia, apathy and ruminal hypomotility, besides a swelling in the right flank. On rectal palpation was not observed intestinal distension or presence of liquid, but the animal presented significant discomfort. The feces were blackened, with a putrid odor and presence of mucus. The complete blood count showed only a small increase in segmented neutrophils, without evidence of hemoconcentration or alterations in erythrocytes and leukocytes count. After clinical examination it was decided perform an exploratory laparotomy, where it was possible to observe the presence of fibrin and rupture of intestine. The corrective surgery was performed through bowel resection and subsequent anastomosis. Due to the severity of the case, the animal died one day after surgery. The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory and exploratory laparotomy.

Este relato teve como objetivo descrever um caso de intussuscepção do tipo cólico em um bovino, fêmea, adulto, sem raça definida. No exame clínico observou-se que o animal apresentava um quadro de desidratação, anorexia, apatia e hipomotilidade ruminal. Também foi possível observar um aumento de volume no flanco direito. Na palpação retal não se observou distensão das alças intestinais, presença de líquido, porém o animal demonstrou significativo desconforto. As fezes apresentaram-se enegrecidas, com odor pútrido e com presença de muco. No hemograma não foi observado hemoconcentração, nem alterações significativas nos eritrócitos e leucócitos, apenas um pequeno aumento nos neutrófilos segmentados. Diante disto, foi realizada uma laparotomia exploratória, onde foi possível observar presença de fibrina e rompimento de alças, depois de identificado o caso foi realizado uma enterectomia, seguida de anastomose. Devido à gravidade e evolução do quadro o bovino não resistiu vindo a óbito no dia posterior a cirurgia. O diagnóstico se baseou nos achados clínicos, laboratoriais e na laparotomia exploratória.

Colonic intussusception due to foreign body in bovine: a case report / Intussuscepção tipo colíco em bovino provocada por corpo estranho: relato de caso

This report aims to describe a case of colic intussusception, type one, in a crossbreed cow. The clinical findings included dehydration, anorexia, apathy and ruminal hypomotility, besides a swelling in the right flank. On rectal palpation was not observed intestinal distension or presence of liquid, but the animal presented significant discomfort. The feces were blackened, with a putrid odor and presence of mucus. The complete blood count showed only a small increase in segmented neutrophils, without evidence of hemoconcentration or alterations in erythrocytes and leukocytes count. After clinical examination it was decided perform an exploratory laparotomy, where it was possible to observe the presence of fibrin and rupture of intestine. The corrective surgery was performed through bowel resection and subsequent anastomosis. Due to the severity of the case, the animal died one day after surgery. The diagnosis was based on clinical, laboratory and exploratory laparotomy.(AU)

Este relato teve como objetivo descrever um caso de intussuscepção do tipo cólico em um bovino, fêmea, adulto, sem raça definida. No exame clínico observou-se que o animal apresentava um quadro de desidratação, anorexia, apatia e hipomotilidade ruminal. Também foi possível observar um aumento de volume no flanco direito. Na palpação retal não se observou distensão das alças intestinais, presença de líquido, porém o animal demonstrou significativo desconforto. As fezes apresentaram-se enegrecidas, com odor pútrido e com presença de muco. No hemograma não foi observado hemoconcentração, nem alterações significativas nos eritrócitos e leucócitos, apenas um pequeno aumento nos neutrófilos segmentados. Diante disto, foi realizada uma laparotomia exploratória, onde foi possível observar presença de fibrina e rompimento de alças, depois de identificado o caso foi realizado uma enterectomia, seguida de anastomose. Devido à gravidade e evolução do quadro o bovino não resistiu vindo a óbito no dia posterior a cirurgia. O diagnóstico se baseou nos achados clínicos, laboratoriais e na laparotomia exploratória.(AU)