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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535340

RESUMO

La distonía laríngea (DL), también conocida como disfonía espasmódica, es un desorden focal tarea-específico del movimiento, que afecta primariamente la producción de la voz. Los movimientos distónicos de las cuerdas vocales producen fenómenos diferentes, especialmente quiebres o interrupciones vocales y tensión en el tipo de distonía laríngea aductora (DLAD), e interrupciones y soplo o segmentos áfonos en el tipo abductor (DLAB). Más del 80% de pacientes sufren de DLAD o DEAD (disfonía espasmódica aductora). Dos pacientes de sexo femenino desarrollaron DL un mes después de haber contraído una infección del tracto respiratorio superior causada por COVID-19. Ambas presentaron distonía laríngea de tipo aductor. En el análisis acústico de la vocal /a/ sostenida se han observado quiebres o interrupciones, cambios frecuenciales y aperiodicidad. El rango de habla fue estudiado en ambas pacientes mediante el fonetograma, dando un resultado alterado. Posiblemente la inflamación de los nervios periféricos de la laringe, causada por COVID-19, produjo una alteración sensitiva con una respuesta mal adaptativa en estas pacientes con una base genética quizás predisponente. O la activación inmunológica, o la invasión del germen a través de la vía retrógrada alteraron las redes neuronales involucradas en la génesis de la DL.


Laryngeal dystonia (LD), also known as spasmodic dysphonia, is a task-specific focal movement disorder, primarily affecting voice production. The dystonic movements of the vocal folds result in a varied phenomenology, typically hard vocal breaks and strain in the adductor-type laryngeal dystonia (ADLD), and breathy breaks or aphonia in the abductor-type laryngeal dystonia (ABLD). More than 80% of patients have suffered from ADLD. Two female patients developed LD a month after presenting an upper respiratory tract infection by COVID-19. They had the adductor-type laryngeal dystonia. Through the acoustic study of the vowel /a/ breaks, frequency changes and aperiodicity were observed. Speech was studied using the phonetogram, and the range of speech is altered in both patients. The inflammation of the peripheral nerves of the larynx by COVID-19 produced a sensory alteration, with a maladaptive response in these patients, who perhaps had predisposing genetic basis, or the immunological activation or the invasion of the germ by retrograde pathway altered the neuronal networks involved in the genesis of LD.

2.
Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud ; 3(2): 24-34, 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1392563

RESUMO

Introducción. La distonía laríngea o disfonía espasmódica se caracteriza por con-tracciones involuntarias de los músculos laríngeos internos que se desencadenan al hablar, siendo la forma aductora la más frecuente. La inyección de toxina botulínica es el manejo de elección. Para evaluar la respuesta a la terapia existen varios instru-mentos validados, uno de ellos es el cuestionario Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10). El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar a los pacientes con disfonía espasmódica aductora y evaluar el impacto de la toxina en su calidad de vida.Método. Éste se centró en un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo en pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de disfonía espasmódica aductora tratados con toxina botulínica A, en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (HCUC), en el periodo comprendido en-tre 2013 y 2021. El mismo permitió la obtención de los datos epidemiológicos de los pacientes, a quienes se les solicitó responder la encuesta VHI-10 previo y posterior a un mes de cada inyección de la toxina.Resultados. Se incluyeron 55 pacientes (218 procedimientos). La dosis promedio utilizada fue de 9,18 UI con un intervalo promedio de 7,4 meses. El puntaje VHI-10 promedio en la evaluación inicial fue de 29,4 y posinfiltración de 14,96, siendo esta diferencia significativa (p < 0,000001). En nuestra serie casi un tercio tiene asociada alguna patología neurológica, y se reportó un 3,67% de complicaciones leves y transitorias.Conclusión. La disfonía espasmódica aductora tiene un gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, que se reduce significativamente mediante la inyección de toxina botulínica A, procedimiento que ha demostrado ser seguro y eficaz


Introduction. Laryngeal dystonia or spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by in-voluntary contractions of internal laryngeal muscles that are triggered when speak-ing, being the adductor form the most frequent. Botulinum toxin injection is the management of choice. There are several validated instruments to assess response to therapy, one of them is the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) questionnaire. The objective of this study is to characterize patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia and evaluate the impact of the toxin in their quality of life.Method. A descriptive retrospective study was carried out in adult patients with a diagnosis of adductor spasmodic dysphonia treated with botulinum toxin A, between 2013-2021 at the Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile. The epidemiological data of the patients and the VHI-10 survey were obtained before and after one month of each toxin injection was requested.Results. 55 patients (218 procedures) were included. The average dose used was 9.18 IU with an average interval of 7.4 months. The average VHI-10 score in the initial evaluation was 29.4 and post-infiltration was 14.96, being this difference sig-nificant (p <0.000001). In our series, almost a third had an associated neurological pathology, and 3.67% of mild and transitory complications were reported.Conclusion. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia has a great impact on the quality of life of patients, which is significantly reduced by injecting botulinum toxin A, a pro-cedure that has been shown to be safe and effective


Assuntos
Voz/efeitos dos fármacos , Distúrbios da Voz/reabilitação , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A , Disfonia , Qualidade de Vida , Botulinum , Doenças da Laringe , Distonia , Disfonia/prevenção & controle , Músculos Laríngeos
3.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29716720

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Meige syndrome (MS) is part of the group of segmental cranial dystonias, which affect more than two cranial muscle groups. Specifically, blepharospasm is associated with another cranial dystonia (oromandibular, cervical or laryngeal). The aim of this paper was to report our experience in patients with spasmodic dysphonia (SD) associated with primary MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study involving 8 patients between May 2010 and June 2015. Variables recorded were: age, sex, associated dystonia, electromyographic pattern in laryngeal muscles and treatment given. Outcomes after treatment were assessed using GRBAS(i) scale and VHI-30 questionnaire, always provided by the same examiner. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with MS were treated in the Neurology Department. Eight patients of 56 were diagnosed with SD (prevalence of 14%). All of our patients had adductor SD. The median age was 71years. All the patients were treated with intralaryngeal botulinum toxin under electromyographic control. Clinically relevant improvements were found after treatment on both the GRBAS(i) scale and the VHI-30 questionnaire. CONCLUSION: In the study of SD, we should always rule out an association with MS. From the point of view of otorhinolaryngology, the joint use of the GRBAS(i) scale and the VHI-30 questionnaire are useful, reliable and efficient methods for assessing progress and response to treatment. Laryngeal infiltration under electromyographic control with botulinum toxin is the therapeutic alternative that provides better results. The management of SD associated with MS does not differ from isolated SD.


Assuntos
Disfonia/etiologia , Síndrome de Meige/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Blefarospasmo/etiologia , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Disfonia/tratamento farmacológico , Disfonia/fisiopatologia , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Músculos Laríngeos/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fármacos Neuromusculares/uso terapêutico , Satisfação do Paciente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Torcicolo/etiologia , Resultado do Tratamento
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