Revisiting the Link between Workplace Support for Families, Family Support, Diet Quality, and Satisfaction with Food-Related Life in the Second Year of the Pandemic.

The main objective of this study was to examine the actor and partner effects between Perceived Workplace Support for Families (PWSFs) and family support (PFS), diet quality, and satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) in households with both parents working and adolescents, along with the role of the three family members' diet quality as a mediator. During the second year of the pandemic in Chile, 860 dual-earner parents of different sexes and their adolescent child (average age 13 years, with 50.7% being male) were recruited from two cities. Parents responded to a measure of PWSFs and the Perceived Family Support Scale. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents answered the Adapted Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the satisfaction with food-related life Scale. The examination employed the mediation Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling for the analyses. Results showed that mothers' PWSFs improved their and their teenage children's SWFoL, while fathers' PWSFs only improved their SWFoL. The mothers' PFS improved their and the fathers' diet quality while enhancing their SWFoL and the adolescents' SWFoL. The fathers' PFS enhanced their and the adolescents' SWFoL. The mothers' PFS also indirectly enhanced their and the fathers' SWFoL via each parent's diet quality. Each family member's diet quality was positively related to their SWFoL, while mothers' diet quality was positively related to the fathers' SWFoL. These results imply that resources obtained by parents from PFS positively impact the SWFoL of the three family members through different mechanisms. They also highlight the importance of maternal family support for SWFoL during the pandemic.

Dyadic Analysis of the Inventory of Family Integration in Fathers and Mothers in the city of Arequipa

The present study analyzes the psychometric properties of the Inventory of Family Integration (IFI) by means of a dyadic analysis based on the responses of fathers and mothers in families from the city of Arequipa, southern Peru. For this purpose, 264 married couples living with their families were non-probabilistically selected and administered the 52-item IFI. An analysis of dimensionality and reliability was carried out, and a factorial invariance analysis was applied under a dyadic approach and, finally, a comparative analysis using Cohen's d was performed. The results reported moderate correlations between the values of fathers and mothers in each family holon: personal, spousal, parental, sibling and familial. Likewise, the dimensionality fit of each holon in fathers and mothers was adequate with acceptable magnitudes, and the reliability indices calculated with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega tests were high. The five-factor internal structure and internal consistency in both fathers and mothers were corroborated.

El presente estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Integración Familiar (IIF) mediante un análisis diádico en función de las respuestas de padres y madres de conforman una familia procedente de la ciudad de Arequipa, al sur de Perú. Para ello, se seleccionó de manera no probabilística a 264 parejas casadas que viven con sus familias, a quienes se les aplicó el IIF que consta de 52 ítems. Se realizó un análisis de la dimensionalidad y la confiabilidad, y se aplicó un análisis de invarianza factorial bajo un enfoque diádico y finalmente un análisis comparativo mediante la d de Cohen. Los resultados reportaron correlaciones moderadas entre los valores de los padres y madres en cada holón familiar: personal, conyugal, parental, fraternal y familiar. Asimismo, el ajuste de dimensionalidad de cada holón en padres y en madres fue adecuado con magnitudes aceptables, y los índices de confiabilidad calculados con las pruebas alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald fueron elevados. Se corrobora la estructura interna de cinco factores y la consistencia interna tanto en padres como en madres.

Intra- and Inter-Individual Associations of Family-to-Work Conflict, Psychological Distress, and Job Satisfaction: Gender Differences in Dual-Earner Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the work-family interface dynamics in some families. For couples who kept earning a double income during the pandemic, their family demands may entail a loss of psychological resources that affect the work domain. This study explored the intra-individual and inter-individual (crossover) direct and indirect effects of family-to-work conflict (FtoWC) on psychological distress and job satisfaction in a non-probabilistic sample of 860 different-sex dual-earner parents with adolescent children from Temuco and Rancagua, Chile. Mothers and fathers answered an online questionnaire measuring FtoWC, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. The data were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model with structural equation modeling. Results showed that a higher FtoWC is linked to greater psychological distress and lower job satisfaction in both parents. In contrast, psychological distress is directly linked to lower job satisfaction in fathers. In both fathers and mothers, they and their partners' FtoWC were indirectly linked to lower job satisfaction via the fathers' psychological distress. These findings indicate the need for gender-sensitive social and labor policies aimed at reducing the conflict between family and work to increase job satisfaction in both parents and reduce psychological distress, particularly in fathers.

Longitudinal associations between cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms among couples in the Mexican Health and Aging Study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the bidirectional associations between older adult spouses' cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms over time and replicate previous findings from the United States (US) in Mexico. DESIGN: Longitudinal, dyadic path analysis with the actor-partner interdependence model. SETTING: Data were from the three most recent interview waves (2012, 2015, and 2018) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), a longitudinal national study of adults aged 50+ years in Mexico. PARTICIPANTS: Husbands and wives from 905 community-dwelling married couples (N = 1,810). MEASUREMENTS: The MHAS cognitive battery measured cognitive function. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a modified nine-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Baseline covariates included age, education, number of children, limitation with any activity of daily living, limitation with any instrumental activity of daily living, and pain. RESULTS: As hypothesized, there were significant within-individual associations in which one person's own cognitive functioning and own depressive symptoms predicted their own follow-up cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms, respectively. In addition, a person's own cognitive functioning predicted their own depressive symptoms, and a person's own depressive symptoms predicted their own cognitive functioning over time. As hypothesized, there was a significant partner association such that one person's depressive symptoms predicted more depressive symptoms in the partner. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study of older Mexican couples replicates findings from studies of older couples in the US, showing that depressive symptoms in one partner predict depressive symptoms in the other partner over time; however, there was no evidence for cognition-depression partner associations over time.

Family-to-work enrichment associations between family meal atmosphere and job satisfaction in dual-earner parents.

Research on factors related to job satisfaction in parents has mainly focused on work-related variables, paying less attention to family events that may provide parents with resources to invest in the work domain. To contribute to this body of knowledge, this study examined the associations between family meal atmosphere and job satisfaction in dual-earner parents with adolescent children, and tested the mediating role of family-to-work enrichment (FtoWE) between family meal atmosphere and job satisfaction. Questionnaires were administered to 473 different-gender dual-earner parents in Temuco, Chile. Participants answered the Project-EAT Atmosphere of family meals scale, three items that measure FWE from the Work-Home Interaction Survey, and the Overall Job Satisfaction Scale. Analyses were conducted using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modelling. A positive association was found from family meal atmosphere to job satisfaction, directly and via FtoWE in fathers, and only via FtoWE in mothers. No associations were found for these variables between parents, as, one parent's perception of a pleasant family meal atmosphere is positively associated with their own FtoWE and job satisfaction, but not with those of the other parent. These findings suggest policymakers and organizations to account for workers' experiences in the family domain to improve satisfaction in the work domain.

Domain Satisfaction and Overall Life Satisfaction: Testing the Spillover-Crossover Model in Chilean Dual-Earner Couples.

The aim of this study was to examine spillover and crossover effects between job satisfaction, satisfaction with family life (SWFaL), satisfaction with food-related life (SWFoL) and overall life satisfaction (LS) in dual-earner couples. The gender of the couple members was also accounted for in these interrelationships. A sample of 473 dual-earner couples with adolescent children in Temuco, Chile, responded to a questionnaire. Both members of the couple answered the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Overall Job Satisfaction Scale, the Satisfaction with Family Life Scale and the Satisfaction with Food-related Life Scale. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model and structural equation modeling, it was found that men's LS was positively associated with their own job satisfaction, SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), as well as with their partner's SWFaL (crossover). Results also showed that women's LS was positively associated with their own job satisfaction, SWFaL and SWFoL (spillover), as well as with their partner's SWFaL and job satisfaction. Different gender patterns were found for job satisfaction and SWFoL. These findings suggest that for dual-earner couples, life satisfaction may not only be influenced by their own individual satisfaction in a life domain but also by their partner's satisfaction in the same domain.