A new type of electron microscope rapid collection device for atmospheric particles and its application cases.

A device for collecting atmospheric particulates matter for on-line electron microscopy was designed and manufactured by using 3D modeling and printing technology. The device was used to collect atmospheric particulates matter in Xining city of Qinghai province for seven consecutive days and used to collect atmospheric particulates matter in Jinan city of Shandong province for 30 consecutive days. And the samples were analyzed by electron microscopy. Through it can obtain ultra structure and size distribution information of atmospheric particulates matter. The experimental results reflected the distribution of atmospheric particulate matter in real time. The on-line acquisition device for electron microscopy is practical, fast, and convenient, which greatly shortens the sampling period and can be carried to any place outdoors for real-time sampling. The morphological structure and particle size distribution of atmospheric particles in sampling area was observed by electron microscope. The device has reference value to the study of PM2.5 and PM10 in atmosphere and air pollution. This acquisition device is convenient for the detection of sample by electron microscopy. It can further expand and simplify the sampling technology of large-scale instruments and equipment. This new method of real-time monitoring of air pollution is worth popularizing and applying.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals gene expression differences between two peach cultivars under saline-alkaline stress.

BACKGROUND: Saline-alkaline stress is a major abiotic stress that is harmful to plant growth worldwide. Two peach cultivars (GF677 and Maotao) display distinct phenotypes under saline-alkaline stress. The molecular mechanism explaining the differences between the two cultivars is still unclear. RESULTS: In the present study, we systematically analysed the changes in GF677 and Maotao leaves upon saline-alkaline stress by using cytological and biochemical technologies as well as comparative transcriptome analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that the structure of granum was dispersive in Maotao chloroplasts. The biochemical analysis revealed that POD activity and the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, as well as iron, were notably decreased in Maotao. Comparative transcriptome analysis detected 881 genes with differential expression (including 294 upregulated and 587 downregulated) under the criteria of |log2 Ratio| ≥ 1 and FDR ≤0.01. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were grouped into 30 groups. MapMan annotation of DEGs showed that photosynthesis, antioxidation, ion metabolism, and WRKY TF were activated in GF677, while cell wall degradation, secondary metabolism, starch degradation, MYB TF, and bHLH TF were activated in Maotao. Several iron and stress-related TFs (ppa024966m, ppa010295m, ppa0271826m, ppa002645m, ppa010846m, ppa009439m, ppa008846m, and ppa007708m) were further discussed from a functional perspective based on the phylogenetic tree integration of other species homologues. CONCLUSIONS: According to the cytological and molecular differences between the two cultivars, we suggest that the integrity of chloroplast structure and the activation of photosynthesis as well as stress-related genes are crucial for saline-alkaline resistance in GF677. The results presented in this report provide a theoretical basis for cloning saline-alkaline tolerance genes and molecular breeding to improve saline-alkaline tolerance in peach.

Morphological Identification of Cyathula officinalis Kuan. and Cyathula capitata(Wall.) Moq / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To identify morphological characteristics of Cyathula officinalis Kuan. and Cyathula capitata(Wall.) Moq.. METHODS: Based on tissue morphology features, C. officinalis Kuan. and Cyathula capitata (Wall.) Moq. were differentiated by using tissue sectioning, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy technology. RESULTS: C. officinalis exhibited features, such as main roots, stems composed of four vascular bundles, relative rich trichomes, less green color, however, for C. capitata, hairy roots, stems composed of two vascular bundles and less trichomes were observed. Compared with low altitude condition, high-altitude condition may induce darker green color and formation of yellow spots and osmiophilic granules of leaves for C. capitata. CONCLUSION: It provides a scientific approach to differentiate these two closely related medicinal plants.

Effect of Crude Epimedii Folium and Processed Epimedii Folium on Kidney Yang Deficiency Edema Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To compare the effects between crude and processed Epimedii Folium on the rats of kidney-Yang deficiency and edema, in order to discuss the mechanism. Method: The rat model of kidney-Yang edema was duplicated with hydrocortisone and doxorubicin hydrochloride. At day 1 and day 8 of modeling, the rats were injected with doxorubicin hydrochloride (3.5 mg·kg-1) via tail vein, while being intraperitoneally injected with hydrocortisone (3.75 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 15 days.After modeling,the rats were divided into model group,crude Epimedii Folium group(204.86 mg·kg-1)and processed Epimedii Folium group(204.86 mg·kg-1), and a normal control group was set up additionally.Rats in each treatment group were given the corresponding drugs,and those in normal and model groups were given the same volume of normal saline by gavage for continuous 14 days.At the end of the administration,24 h urine was measured by rat metabolic cage method; 24 h urinary protein was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry; the content of plasma albumin (ALB) and total serum protein (TP) were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer; and the content of adenosine monophosphate was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), serum creatinine (SCr), serum urea(BUN), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) indicator content were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Kidney tissues were collected to make pathological section by htoxylin eosin(HE) staining. Result: Compared with the normal group, all the indicators of appearance, biochemistry and pathological section in the model group indicated kidney Yang deficiency edema in the rats (PP2, T indicators to varying degrees(PPP2, T (PPP3, T4 and anal temperature (PPConclusion: Both crude Epimedii Folium group and processed Epimedii Folium group have certain effect in treating kidney Yang deficiency edema, and the possible mechanism is to alleviate glomerular podocyte injury induced by doxorubicin. Their emphasis in the treatment of kidney Yang deficiency edema is different. Crude Epimedii Folium has a cold property, and can treat kidney Yang deficiency edema by strengthening renal excretion function of rats with kidney Yang deficiency edema. Processed Epimedii Folium is processed with sheep oil to produce icariin and other substances, and its property changed from cold to warm, with a focus on alleviating the kidney Yang deficiency status of rats with kidney Yang deficiency edema.