Current epidemic situation of human toxocariasis in China.

Toxocariasis is a worldwide-distributed helminthic zoonosis, which mainly results from ascarid nematodes Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. Humans become infected by accidental ingestion of infective eggs, raw or undercooked meat containing larvae. Keeping and contacting cats and dogs, and bad hygiene situations or habits are the main risk factors for Toxocara infection in China. The seroprevalence of Toxocara spp. is reported from 12.14% to 44.83%, and the overall seroprevalence in children was 12.14% in 1993 and elevated to 19.3% in 2015. Among the 103 cases reported in China during 1983-2019, ocular larva migrans (OLM), visceral larva migrans (VLM), and neural larva migrans (NLM) occupied 92.23%, 6.80%, and 0.97% of cases, respectively. The diagnosis of toxocariasis is mainly based on the history of exposure to infective eggs or larvae, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and imaging studies. As most individuals who are infected with larval Toxocara, are unaware of their infections, patients with mild signs as described under covert toxocariasis (CT) can recover spontaneously, and treatment may not be necessary. Albendazole is the preferred treatment for patients with VLM; steroids, such as prednisolone combined with albendazole, are frequently used in treating patients with OLM, and surgery serves as an alternative treatment; thiabendazole is effective in treating patients with NLM. The true number of cases and prevalence of toxocariasis in China seems to be underestimated and neglected because of the lack of population-based epidemiological studies and insufficient clinical awareness of this disease, which are aspects that need to be improved by the Chinese government.

[Epidemic and research progress of babesiosis].

Babesiosis is an emerging parasitic disease, distributed globally in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Australia, and the United States is still the country with the largest number of babesiosis cases reported. Babesiosis in China is mainly distributed in the northeast, followed by the southwest and other regions. As a new vector-borne infectious disease, babesiosis poses a serious threat to human health, and its research foundation is relatively weak, so it requires more attention and recognition. The research hot spots on babesiosis are screening of diagnostic antigens, and the mechanisms of Babesia and the hosts, co-infections between Babesia and other pathogens. The epidemic distribution, screening of diagnostic antigens, host immune response mechanism and co-infection of babesiosis in our country and abroad are reviewed in this paper.

Epidemic and research progress of babesiosis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Babesiosis is an emerging parasitic disease, distributed globally in Europe, Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Australia, and the United States is still the country with the largest number of babesiosis cases reported. Babesiosis in China is mainly distributed in the northeast, followed by the southwest and other regions. As a new vector-borne infectious disease, babesiosis poses a serious threat to human health, and its research foundation is relatively weak, so it requires more attention and recognition. The research hot spots on babesiosis are screening of diagnostic antigens, and the mechanisms of Babesia and the hosts, co-infections between Babesia and other pathogens. The epidemic distribution, screening of diagnostic antigens, host immune response mechanism and co-infection of babesiosis in our country and abroad are reviewed in this paper.

Molecular evolution of hepatitis C virus in China: A nationwide study.

The evolutionary and epidemic history and the regional differences of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are complex and remain unclear in the vast territory China. Here we recruited 1540 HCV-RNA positive patients sampled in 29 provinces across whole China, which is the largest sample capacity and the most comprehensive geographic coverage of China to our knowledge. 1b, 2a, 3b, 6a and 3a were the major subtypes in China. 1b was the most predominant subtype which presented in every province. The second most predominant subtype, 2a, appeared to concentrate in the north of China. Subtypes 3a and 3b were mainly found in the Southwest region, while 6a was restricted in the South region. We further estimated the origins of the dominating subtypes and discovered for the first time that a Chinese-specific transmission pattern for some strains of subtype 2a which was restricted in north China, and Chinese subtype 3b originated from Thailand.

Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from ophthalmic infections in general hospital / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To summarize the eye infection distribution of pathogens and drug resistance characteristics in our hospital in latest 5a, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for clinical anti-infective therapy and nosocomial infection control. <p>METHODS:In this study, we collected positive strains isolated from the hospitalized patients in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2011 to December 2015. Data were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software. <p>RESULTS: A total of 4 486 cases of ophthalmic inpatients were included in the study, 736 strains of pathogenic microorganisms were isolated, including 510 gram-positive bacteria, 107 gram-negative bacteria and 119 fungi. The most common type of gram positive bacteria as the epidermis staphylococcus(247 strains), followed by coryne bacterium(153 strains). The most common type of gram negative bacteria for pseudomonas aeruginosa(39 strains). The most common type of fungi for sickle bacterium(77 strains), followed by aspergillus strain(31 strains). The staphylococcus was sensitive to rifampicin, trimethoprim, linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The Streptococcus pneumoniae was sensitive to levofloxacin, linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. The drug sensitive rates of non-fermenters to cefoperazone/sulbactam and colistin, enterobacteriaceae to imipenem, meropenem and levofloxacin were all 100%. The detection rates of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae were 37.5% and 40.0%, respectively. <p>CONCLUSION:We should strengthen the monitoring of pathogen resistance, to keep abreast of the epidemic characteristics of ophthalmic infection pathogens and drug resistance trends, which are of great significance for the rational application of antibiotics in clinical anti-infective treatment, reducing the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria and hospital infection control measures.