"Me prende, DeleGata!" - performatividades de gênero na construção da beleza como uma arma estética e discursiva de poder entre delegadas da Polícia Civil / "Arrest me, DeleGata!" - gender performativities in the construction of beauty as an aesthetic and discursive weapon of power among female Civil Police chiefs

Resumo O presente artigo aborda as construções performáticas de gênero de delegadas de polícia atuantes no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A partir da utilização da Cartografia como método de pesquisa, acompanhamos percursos, conexões e processos de construção de feminilidades, acionadas e performadas por nossas entrevistadas para constituírem um local de respeito e destaque dentro e fora da Instituição, usando a beleza como ferramenta estética e discursiva de poder, a partir da classe performática DeleGata. Foram realizadas entrevistas de manejo cartográfico com nove delegadas lotadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro, com idades entre 30 e 59 anos. Embora a polícia valorize historicamente ideários reconhecidos como masculinos, como força e virilidade, as performatividades de gênero operadas pelas delegadas permitem uma feminilização da polícia. A figura/enunciação da DeleGata, que constrói uma imagem da mulher delegada, fazendo supor uma unidade, significa a produção de sujeitos políticos, assim como ideias e valores que atingem um padrão comunicativo e performático, visibilizando certa mulher que ornamenta - com sua beleza - e que surpreende - com sua inteligência - ao mesmo tempo. Assim, a DeleGata coloca em ação extremos aparentemente antagônicos: beleza-inteligência, sensualidade-poder, feminilidade-força e produzem um regime social e simbólico de produção de corpos e feminilidades.

Abstract This article discusses the performative gender constructions of female police chiefs working in Rio de Janeiro state. Using cartography as a research method, we follow the paths, connections, and construction of femininities, activated and performed by our respondents to establish a place of respect and prominence within and outside the Institution, using beauty as an aesthetic and discursive power tool based on the DeleGata performative class. Cartographic interviews were conducted with nine female police chiefs in Rio de Janeiro state aged 30 to 59. Although the police have historically valued recognized masculine ideals, such as strength and virility, the gender performativities operated by female police chiefs allow for police feminization. The figure/enunciation of DeleGata, who builds an image of the female police chief, implying a unity, signifies producing political subjects, ideas, and values that reach a communicative and performative standard, making visible some woman who adorns - with her beauty - and simultaneously surprises - with her intelligence. The DeleGata thus brings into play apparently antagonistic extremes: beauty-intelligence, sensuality-power, femininity-strength, producing a social and symbolic regimen for the production of bodies and femininities.

Alcohol and drinking within the lives of midlife women: A meta-study systematic review.

BACKGROUND: A range of societal changes have created positive and encouraging environments for women's alcohol use. Within this context, in Western countries there is evidence of rising rates of alcohol consumption and related harms among midlife and older women. It is timely and important to explore the role of alcohol in the lives of midlife women to better understand observed data trends and to develop cohort specific policy responses. Focussing on Western countries and those with similar mixed market systems for alcohol regulation, this review aimed to identify 1) how women at midlife make sense of and account for their consumption of alcohol; 2) factors that play a role; and 3) the trends in theoretical underpinnings of qualitative research that explores women's drinking at midlife. METHODS: A meta-study approach was undertaken. The review process involved extracting and analysing the data findings of eligible research, as well as reviewing the contextual factors and theoretical framing that actively shape research and findings. RESULTS: Social meanings of alcohol were interwoven with alcohol's psycho-active qualities to create strong localised embodied experiences of pleasure, sociability, and respite from complicated lives and stressful circumstances in midlife women. Drinking was shaped by multiple and diverse aspects of social identity, such as sexuality, family status, membership of social and cultural groups, and associated responsibilities, underpinned by the social and material realities of their lives, societal and policy discourses around drinking, and how they physically experienced alcohol in the short and longer term. CONCLUSION: For harm reduction strategies to be successful, further research effort should be undertaken to understand alcohol's diverse meanings and functions in women's lives and the individual, material, and socio-cultural factors that feed into these understandings. As well as broad policies that reduce overall consumption and "de-normalise" drinking in society, policy-makers could usefully work with cohorts of women to develop interventions that address the functional role of alcohol in their lives, as well as policies that address permissive regulatory environments and the overall social and economic position of women.

Can femme be theory? Exploring the epistemological and methodological possibilities of femme.

Narrative-works are the lifeblood of femme scholarship. Through this medium, femmes write themselves into existence. In this article, I begin with my own story of femme and examine the backdrop of patriarchal femininity that positions pieces of me as being at odds, disjointed, and something needing to be reconciled. Indeed, many current frameworks and dominant framings for understanding femininity create disjunctures needing to be reconciled and fail to include diverse feminine perspectives in ways that constitute epistemic and hermeneutical injustices. Using my own femme becoming as a guide, I offer this process of femme reconcilement as a framework that can be applied to dislodge feminine normativity and challenge the assumptions researchers make about femininity within their work. In this article I highlight the importance of femme epistemologies; the importance of valuing feminine knowledge, and how the absented femme highlights the continued god-trick of objectivity. Here, I discuss how femme narratives can be used to bolster femme as theory and critical analytic. This situated knowledge holds the possibility to inform novel methodological frameworks and to substantially shift the way researchers think about femininity and feminine people.

Did young women in South African informal settlements display increased agency after participating in the Stepping Stones and Creating Futures intervention? A qualitative evaluation.

This paper investigates the impact of the Stepping Stones Creating Futures (SSCF) intervention on young women in informal settlements in eThekwini, South Africa. Specifically, whether following participation in the intervention the young women experienced a reduction in intimate partner violence, strengthened agency and shifted gender relations. Where changes occurred, it examines how they occurred, and barriers and enablers to change. SSCF is a gender transformative and livelihoods strengthening intervention using participatory, reflective small groups. Qualitative research was undertaken with fifteen women participating in the SSCF randomised control trial between 2015 and 2018. The women were followed over 18 months, participating in in-depth interviews at baseline, 12- and 18-months post intervention. To supplement these, eight women were involved in Photovoice work at baseline and 18 months and seven were included in ongoing participant observation. Data were analysed inductively. Data revealed many women changed their behaviours following SSCF, including: having more power within relationships, improved communication and relationship skills, increased resistance to controlling partners, shifting relationship expectations, emergence of new femininities and improved livelihoods. Despite these important shifts many women did not report a reduction in IPV. Nonetheless we argue most of the women, following the intervention, became more agentic. Drawing on the notion of 'distributed agency' as developed by Campbell and Mannell (2016), we show that SSCF bolstered the women's distributed agency. Distributed agency recognizes small agentic acts that women take, acts which to them are significant, it further notes that agency is temporal, fluid, dynamic and context specific. Women do not 'either have agency or not', rather being agentic depends on time, context and the particular incident. These findings provide an important contribution to the limited application of distributed agency and femininities work in informal settlements and are critical for policy and intervention science to reduce IPV and support women's agency.

Women athletes and mixed martial arts: a qualitative systematic review / Mulheres atletas e artes marciais mistas: uma revisão sistemática qualitativa / Mujeres atletas y mezcla martial arts: una revisión sistemática cualitativa

The inclusion of women athletes in combat sports breaks social stereotypes and shows new looks on femininity. This investigation aims to reflect on the state of the art of women athletes in Mixed Martial Arts. We searched databases with the specific descriptors MMA and Women, Qualitative / Essay / Interview / Discourse. After the readings and inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample comprised eight studies, resulting in three categories: Masculinity and being a woman; The body in / out of the octagon; Physicality of female athletes. It is possible to verify that fighters subvert the speech of heteronormativity, fight and construct a social visibility beyond their body spectacularization.

A inserção das atletas nos esportes de combate rompe estereótipos sociais e revela novos olhares sobre a feminilidade. O estudo reflete o estado da arte da presença das mulheres atletas no Mixed Martial Arts. Realizamos uma busca de estudos em bases de dados com os descritores específicos MMA e Women, Qualitative/ Essay/ Interview/ Discourse. Após as leituras e seguindo critérios de inclusão e exclusão, oito estudos compuseram a amostra, resultando tais categorias: A masculinidade e o ser mulher; O corpo in/out no octógono; Fisicalidade das mulheres atletas. É possível verificar que que as lutadoras subvertem o discurso de heternonormatividade, lutam e constroem uma visibilidade social para além da espetacularização dos corpos.

La inserción de las atletas en los deportes de combate rompe estereotipos sociales y revela nuevas visiones sobre la feminidad. El estudio refleja el estado del arte de la presencia de las mujeres atletas en Mezcla Marcial Arts. Se realizó una busqueda, en bases de datos, con los descriptores específicos MMA y Women, Qualitative/ Essay/Interview/Discourse. Después de analizar, siguiendo criterios de inclusión y exclusión, ocho estudios compusieron la muestra, resultando en las categorías: La masculinidad y el ser mujer; El cuerpo in / out en el octógono; Anatomia de las mujeres atletas. Es posible verificar que las luchadoras subvierten el discurso de heternonormatividad, luchan y construyen una visibilidad social más allá de la espectacularización de los cuerpos.

Entre um ideal ético e estético: as atletas em campeonatos de fitness e fisiculturismo / Between an ethic and aesthetic ideal: the female athletes in fitness and bodybuilding championships / Entre un ideal ético y estético: las atletas en campeonatos de fitness y fisiculturismo

O objetivo do artigo é compreender o projeto de construção corporal das atletas de musculação fitness e fisiculturistas no que diz respeito às suas identificações e relações de pertenci-mento ao grupo social. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa etnográfica, com a utilização da observação direta e do diário de campo, em campeonatos de musculação fitness e de fisiculturismo no estado de Goiás/Brasil.Os dados indicam que a "cultura do músculo" é tomada co-mo um elemento que determina os padrões corporais das atletas que buscam corpos definidos e músculos como forma de identificação pessoal. De outra parte, ademais da disciplina e dos sacrifícios, o reconhecimento no grupo contribui para reforçar as subjetividades das atletas e sua autodenominação.

The goal of the article is to understand the bodybuilding project of fitness female athletes and bodybuilders regarding their identifications and relation of belonging to the social group. For that, an ethnographic research was performed, using direct and daily field observation, in bodybuilding and fitness weight training championships in the state of Goiás/Brazil. The data indicates that "muscle culture" is taken as a defining element of the body standards of female athletes who aim for defined bodies and muscles as a standard of personal identification. On the other hand, besides the discipline and the sacrifices, the recognition in the group contrib-utes to emphasize the subjectivities of the female athletes and self-denomination.

El presente artículo busca entender el proyecto de construcción corporal de atletas de fitness y fisiculturismo, en cuanto a su identificación y su relación de pertenencia al grupo social. Para ello se realizó una investigación etnográfica, en la que se utilizaron la observación directa y el estudio de campo en campeonatos de musculación, fisiculturismo y fitness, en el Estado de Goiás/Brasil. Los datos indican que "la cultura del músculo" se toma como elemento que de-fine los patrones corporales de las atletas, que se esmeran por tener músculos y cuerpos defi-nidos, como referencia de identificación personal. Por otro lado, además dela disciplina y de los sacrificios a los que deben someterse, el reconocimiento en el grupo contribuye a reforzar la subjetividad de las atletas.

The role of alcohol in constructing gender & class identities among young women in the age of social media.

Research suggests young women view drinking as a pleasurable aspect of their social lives but that they face challenges in engaging in a traditionally 'masculine' behaviour whilst maintaining a desirable 'femininity'. Social network sites such as Facebook make socialising visible to a wide audience. This paper explores how young people discuss young women's drinking practices, and how young women construct their identities through alcohol consumption and its display on social media. We conducted 21 friendship-based focus groups (both mixed and single sex) with young adults aged 18-29 years and 13 individual interviews with a subset of focus group respondents centred on their Facebook practices. We recruited a purposive sample in Glasgow, Scotland (UK) which included 'middle class' (defined as students and those in professional jobs) and 'working class' respondents (employed in manual/service sector jobs), who participated in a range of venues in the night time economy. Young women's discussions revealed a difficult 'balancing act' between demonstrating an 'up for it' sexy (but not too sexy) femininity through their drinking and appearance, while still retaining control and respectability. This 'balancing act' was particularly precarious for working class women, who appeared to be judged more harshly than middle class women both online and offline. While a gendered double standard around appearance and alcohol consumption is not new, a wider online audience can now observe and comment on how women look and behave. Social structures such as gender and social class remain central to the construction of identity both online and offline.

Corpos dissidentes: gênero e feminilidades no levantamento de peso / Dissident bodies: gender and femininities on weightlifting / Cuerpos disidentes: género y feminidades en el levantamiento de pesos

Resumo Este artigo busca compreender as experiências de gênero e a construção de feminilidades de mulheres atletas do levantamento de peso. O campo empírico foi feito com uma equipe dessa modalidade. Foram observadas as sessões de treinamento e feitas entrevistas individuais com oito atletas, cujas narrativas expõem a visão dicotômica de gênero presente nesse espaço. Seus corpos trazem marcas da experiência esportiva, refletidas no volume muscular e na força diferenciada. Tais transformações tornam seus corpos dissidentes e abjetos e suas sexualidades são colocadas em suspeição. À medida que tencionam e subvertem as expectativas de uma feminilidade normalizada, essas mulheres nos convidam a refletir sobre as construções de feminilidades plurais no esporte.

Abstract This article aims to understand the gender experiences and the construction of femininities in women weightlifters. The empirical field was conducted with a team of this modality. The observation of training sessions and individual interviews conducted with eight athletes revealed a dichotomous gender view in their discourse. Their bodies bring the sports practice brands, which reflect on muscle volume and strength. Such transformations make their bodies dissident and abject, and their sexuality distrust. As far as they subvert the expectations of a standardized femininity, these women invite us to reflect on the construction of plural femininities in sports.

Resumen Con este artículo se trata de entender las experiencias de género y la construcción de la feminidad de levantadoras de pesos. El campo empírico se llevó a cabo con un equipo de esta modalidad. Se observaron las sesiones de entrenamiento y se realizaron entrevistas individuales a ocho atletas. Las atletas exponen la dicotomía de género presente en este espacio. Sus cuerpos muestran la marca de la práctica deportiva, que se refleja en el tamaño del músculo y la fuerza diferenciada. Estos cambios hacen sus cuerpos disidentes y abyectos, y se recela de su sexualidad. En la medida que sabotean las expectativas de una feminidad estandarizada, estas mujeres nos invitan a reflexionar sobre la construcción de la feminidad plural en el deporte.

Transformation and time-out: the role of alcohol in identity construction among Scottish women in early midlife.

Despite the increase in drinking by women in early midlife, little alcohol research has focused on this group. We explore how alcohol is associated with the construction of gender identities among women aged 30-50 years in the west of Scotland, United Kingdom. We draw on qualitative data from 11 focus groups (five all-female, six mixed-sex) with pre-existing groups of friends and work colleagues in which women and men discuss their drinking behaviours. Analysis demonstrated how alcohol represented a time and space away from paid and unpaid work for women in a range of domestic circumstances, allowing them to relax and unwind. While women used alcohol to construct a range of identities, traditional notions of femininity remained salient (e.g. attention to appearance, drinking 'girly' drinks). Drinking enabled women to assert their identity beyond the roles and responsibilities often associated with being a woman in early midlife. For example, some respondents with young children described the transformative effects of excessive drinking which allowed them to return temporarily to a younger, carefree version of themselves. Thus, our data suggest that women's drinking in early midlife revolves around notions of 'idealised' femininity but simultaneously represents a way of achieving 'time out' from traditional female responsibilities such as caring for others. We consider these findings within a broader social and cultural context including alcohol marketing, domestic roles and motherhood and their implications for health promotion.

Sob rédeas curtas, de cabelos longos: reflexões sobre mulheres no hipismo / Under a tight rein, with long hair: reflections about women in Equestrian sports / Debajo de las riendas cortas, con el pelo largo: reflexiones sobre las mujeres en la equitación

Esta revisão crítica descritiva busca refletir a inserção e a permanência da mulher no hipismo, iniciando uma discussão centrada na construção social das feminilidades dentro de uma modalidade elitizada e pouco explorada pelo campo das práticas corporais. A literatura abordada evidencia a existência de visões estereotipadas direcionadas às atletas quando o assunto é competição, família e emoção. O cavalo personifica-se como signo marcador e diferenciador das identidades de gênero inseridas nas práticas equestres, ainda que a modalidade se abstenha da desigualdade entre os sexos

This descriptive review aims to reflect on inclusion and permanence of women in equestrian sports, starting a discussion focused on the social construction of femininities within an elitist modality and underexplored by the field of bodily practices. The literature discussed shows the existence of stereotyped visions directed to female athletes when the subject is competition, family and emotion. The horse personifies as a sign marker and differentiator of gender identities within equestrian practices, even though the modality exempts itself from inequality between sexes

Esta revisión descriptiva tiene como objetivo reflejar la inclusión y permanencia de las mujeres en la equitación, comenzando una discusión centrada en la construcción social de las feminidades en el contexto de una modalidad elitista y poco explorada por el campo de las prácticas corporales. La literatura discutida revela visiones estereotipadas dirigidas a mujeres atletas cuando el tema es la competición, la familia y la emoción. El caballo es personificado como un signo marcador y elemento diferenciador de las identidades de género insertadas en las prácticas ecuestres, aunque la modalidad se abstiene de la desigualdad entre los sexos

'Caravan wives' and 'decent girls': Gypsy-Traveller women's perceptions of gender, culture and morality in the North of England.

This paper examines the beliefs and practices that constitute gender among Gypsy-Traveller women and then attempts to discern the consequences that flow from these. It analyses gender ideology and expectations among women and the shared investment in the moral identity attached to being a good Gypsy-Traveller wife. The paper argues that 'Gypsy-Traveller woman' cannot be understood as an identity that stands apart from gender and racial oppression. It is within this context that the tension between change and permanence in gender relations is played out. It argues that the maintenance of cultural taboos embodied and symbolised in the surveillance of womens' bodies is an important issue that problematises the construction of Gypsy-Traveller women. It posits that the appeal to morality may represent as much an avoidance of anxiety as a defence of marked gendered divisions within Gypsy-Traveller society. The paper suggests that the demands of cultural survival play a significant role in framing the degree to which women are willing or able to challenge the status quo.

Surviving men's depression: women partners' perspectives.

While men's gendered experiences of depression have been described, the perspectives of women partners who are affected by men's depression have received little attention. Women partners were recruited to explore how men's depression impacts them and its influence on gender regimes. Individual interviews with 29 women spouses were coded and analysed. Although idealized femininity positions women as endlessly patient and caring, our findings reveal significant challenges in attempting to fulfil these gender ideals in the context of living with a male partner who is experiencing depression. The strain and drain of living with a depressed man was a key element of women's experiences. Four sub-themes were identified: (1) resisting the emotional caregiver role, (2) shouldering family responsibilities, (3) connecting men to professional care and (4) preserving the feminine self. The findings suggest that men's depression has great potential to dislocate heterosexual gender regimes, and attention to gender relations should be included to ensure successful care management of men who experience depression.

Hierarquia em evidência: um retrato da dominação hegemônica de masculinidade na propaganda de cerveja / Hierarchy in evidence: a picture of domination hegemonic of the masculities in advertising beer

Este trabalho analisa as representações de masculinidades na propaganda de cervejas, investigando uma abordagem em apresentar o homem como consumidor em potencial: ratificada por uma masculinidade hegemônica; e a mulher objetificada: como figuração do prazer e/ou da representação feminina de dona de casa, marcada no ambiente doméstico; configurando em uma associação de assimetria de poder. Para tanto, são discutidos como o papel da masculinidade vem sendo construídos, significados e ressignificados na propaganda brasileira de cervejas. A análise baseia-se em observações realizadas em anúncios vinculados na TV aberta, além de peças publicitárias colhidas no ciberespaço; de cervejas nacionais e internacionais, a exemplo da "Skol", "Nova Schin", "Heineken", entre outras. Como resultado, percebe-se que os anúncios de cervejas, atualmente, associam os consumidores de cerveja ao gênero masculino e para isso realizam anúncios valorizando o homem heterossexual, colocando - o como grande protagonista desses contextos.(AU)

This work examines the representations of masculinity in advertising beer, investigating an approach in presenting the man as a potential consumer: ratified by a hegemonic masculinity, and the objectified woman: as pleasure figuration and/or female representation of housewife, marked in the household; setting in a pool of power asymmetry. To this end, we discuss how masculinity role are being built, and resignified meanings in Brazilian advertising of beers. The analysis is based on observations made in open linked ads on TV, and advertising harvested in cyberspace, national and international beers, such as the "Skol", "Nova Schin", "Heineken", among others. As a result, one realizes that the listings of beers currently associate beer drinkers to males and to realize that ads valuing heterosexual man, putting - like the great protagonist of these contexts.(AU)

En este trabajo se ha analizado las representaciones de masculinidades en el anuncio de cerveza, investigando un enfoque en la presentación del hombre como consumidor potencial: ratificado por una masculinidad hegemônica; y la mujer objetivada como figuración del placer y/o de la representación femenino de ama de casa, marcada en el hogar; resultando en la creación de una combinación de asimetría de poder. Para eso, se discutió como el papel de la masculinidad ha sido construído, significado y reformulado en los anuncios de cerveza em Brasil. El análisis esta basado en observaciones realizadas en anuncios de la televisón abierta, además piezas de publicidad logradas en el ciberespacio; de cervezas nacionales y internacionales, por ejemplo "Skol", "Nova Schin", "Heineken", entre otras. Como resultado, se ha notado que los anuncios de cervezas, hoy en dia, asocían los bebedores de cerveza a los varones y para llevar a cabo hay la valorización del hombre heterossexual como el gran protagonista de este contexto.(AU)

Sacrificio y negociación: Algunos obstáculos subjetivos a las conquistas feministas / Sacrifice and negotiation: Some subjective obstacles to the feminist conquest / Sacrifice et negociation. quelques obstacles subjectifs aux conquetes feministes

Algunas mujeres feministas escuchadas en con-sulta, se encuentran con que hay un obstáculo subjetivo para ejercer los derechos que han con-quistado, una investigación al respecto y publica-da como libro: Feminidades, sacrificio y negocia-ción en el tiempo de los derechos revela que más allá de los condicionamientos culturales del patriarcado, estas mujeres deben resolver un asunto con su superyó femenino para salir de este impasse. El presente artículo es una refle-xión-síntesis de dicha investigación.

Some feminist women seen in consultation, find a subjective obstacles to the feminism conquest; one research about that matter and published as the book: Femininities, sacrifice and negotiation in the time of rights reveals that beyond the cul-tural conditioning of the patriarchy, these women have to solve an issue with their feminine supere-go to overcome this impasse. This article is a reflection-synthesis of such research.

Certaines femmes féministes entendues en con-sultation se trouvent avec un obstacle subjectif pour exercer leur droit qu’elles ont conquis. Une recherche sur ce sujet, publiée et un livre publié sous le titre: Feminités, sacrifice et négociation dans le temps des droits démontre qu’au-delà des conditionnements culturels du patriarcat, ces femmes doivent résoudre une affaire avec leur supermoi afin de sortir de cette impasse. Cet article est une réfléction-synthèse de cette re-cherche.